| Chaetogastra | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Chaetogastra mollis (syn. Tibouchina mollis) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Melastomataceae |
| Genus: | Chaetogastra DC. [1] |
| Species | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Chaetogastra is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Melastomataceae. Its native range is South America and North America. It contains around 115 species. [1]
Species of Chaetogastra are herbs, subshrubs, shrubs or small trees. Their leaves are opposite and have petioles. The inflorescence is a terminal panicle or some modification of one. The flowers are hypogynous, with a bell-shaped hypanthium (base of the flower), usually very hairy (pubescent) on the outside. There are four or five petals, usually dark lilac to purple, more rarely white, yellow or deep red. There are eight or ten stamens which may be all the same or in two series of different sizes. The connectives at the base of the anthers are prolonged, with two ventral lobes. The numerous seeds are borne in a dry, semiwoody capsule, and are more-or-less spiral (cochleate) in shape. [2]
The genus Chaetogastra was established by Augustin de Candolle in 1828. [3] In 1885, in his treatment for Flora brasiliensis, Alfred Cogniaux used a broad concept of the genus Tibouchina , transferring into it species at that time placed in many other genera, including Chaetogastra. This broad concept was generally adopted subsequently, and around 470 taxa were at one time or another assigned to Tibouchina, including those placed in Chaetogastra. [2] A phylogenetic analysis in 2013 based on molecular data (2 plastid and 1 nuclear regions) showed that the traditional circumscription of Tibouchina was paraphyletic. Four major clades were resolved within the genus, which were supported by morphological, molecular and geographic evidence. [4] A further molecular phylogenetic study in 2019 used the same molecular markers but included more species. It reached the same conclusion: the original broadly circumscribed Tibouchina consisted of four monophyletic clades. The authors proposed a split into four genera: a more narrowly circumscribed Tibouchina, two re-established genera Pleroma and Chaetogastra, and a new genus, Andesanthus . The part of their maximum likelihood cladogram which includes former Tibouchina species is as follows, [2] using their genus names and with shading added to show the original broadly circumscribed Tibouchina s.l. (The relationship between Chaetogastra and the genus Brachyotum differed between analyses.)
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Chaetogastra is shown either to be sister to Andesanthus or to be part of a clade combining Chaetogastra and Brachyotum. The authors preferred to keep these two genera separate, as they were in their Bayesian inference analysis. [2]
As of May 2022 [update] , Plants of the World Online accepted the following species: [1]
The species of Chaetogastra are native from Mexico through Central America and the West Indies into the Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Argentina. They are also found in eastern Brazil. The Andes are the centre of diversity. Most are found in cloud forests above 1,000 m elevation, although some herbaceous species are found in open areas above 100 m. [2]
Melastomataceae is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics comprising c. 175 genera and c. 5115 known species. Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees.
Tibouchina is a neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Melastomataceae. Species of this genus are subshrubs, shrubs or small trees and typically have purple flowers. They are native to Mexico, the Caribbean, and South America where they are found as far south as northern Argentina. Members of this genus are known as glory bushes, glory trees or princess flowers. The name Tibouchina is adapted from a Guianan indigenous name for a member of this genus. A systematic study in 2013 showed that as then circumscribed the genus was paraphyletic, and in 2019 the genus was split into a more narrowly circumscribed Tibouchina, two re-established genera Pleroma and Chaetogastra, and a new genus, Andesanthus.
Monochaetum is a neotropical genus of shrubs and subshrubs with about 54 species. It occurs in warm temperate to tropical montane habitats from Mexico and Central America to the South American Andes of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru with one species reaching the Guayana Highlands of Venezuela and Guyana.
Brachyotum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Melastomataceae. There are about 58 species native to the Andes of South America.
Henriettea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Melastomataceae, with some 399 species accepted. It is distributed in the Americas. Some species in the genus are known commonly as camasey., though the common name camasey may also refer to plants of genus Miconia.
Chaetogastra anderssonii, synonym Tibouchina anderssonii, is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.
Chaetogastra campii, synonym Tibouchina campii, is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is native to Ecuador.
Andesanthus gleasonianus, synonym Tibouchina gleasoniana, is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is native to Colombia and Ecuador.
Chaetogastra oroensis, synonym Tibouchina oroensis, is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.
Chaetogastra grossa, synonym Tibouchina grossa, is a species in the Melastomataceae family that is native to Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela. It is found between 2400 and 3800 meters in elevation. Also called "red princess flower" or "carmine princess flower" to differentiate it from "princess flower" which has purple blooms.
Microlicia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Melastomataceae, native to northern South America, particularly Brazil. They tend to be subshrubs.
Acisanthera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Melastomataceae. It contains 11 species and is found in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. It was described by Patrick Browne in 1756.
Comolia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Melastomataceae.
Huberia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Melastomataceae.
Pleroma is a genus of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native from Puerto Rico and the Leeward Islands to tropical South America.
Andesanthus is a genus of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native to Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Venezuela. The genus was established in 2019 for some species formerly placed in Tibouchina. Some species are cultivated as ornamental shrubs or trees.
Chaetogastra herbacea, synonym Tibouchina herbacea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native to southern Brazil and north-eastern Argentina. It has been introduced to Hawaii. It was first described, as Arthrostemma herbaceum, by Augustin de Candolle in 1828.
Pleroma francavillanum is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native to Brazil. It was first described by Alfred Cogniaux in 1885 as Tibouchina francavillana.
Chaetogastra versicolor is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native to Brazil. It was first described by John Lindley in 1827 as Rhexia versicolor. One of its synonyms is Tibouchina versicolor.