| Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Xylariales |
| Family: | Xylariaceae |
| Genus: | Annulohypoxylon |
| Species: | A. thouarsianum |
| Binomial name | |
| Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum (Lév.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum is a species of ascomycete fungus. [1]
The species grows on the bark of decaying hardwood trees. Its fruiting body is sessile, and ranges from 1 to 5 centimetres (1⁄2 to 2 in) wide. [2] The surface of the fruiting body is dark brown or black and has a rough texture due to the high number of perithecia. [3]
Various other Annulohypoxylon species are similar, as is Daldinia childiae . Species of Jackrogersella , Rosellinia , and Nemania have fewer bumps. [2]
Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum is most commonly found along the United States' West Coast, in the Eastern U.S., and in Mexico. [4]
The species was moved from the genus Hypoxylon to Annulohypoxylon in 2005. [5] The following varieties are recognized: [4]
Tremella fuciformis is a species of fungus; it produces white, frond-like, gelatinous basidiocarps. It is widespread, especially in the tropics, where it can be found on the dead branches of broadleaf trees. This fungus is commercially cultivated and is one of the most popular fungi in the cuisine and medicine of China. T. fuciformis is commonly known as snow fungus, snow ear, silver ear fungus, white jelly mushroom, and white cloud ears.
Hypoxylon is a genus of ascomycetes commonly found on dead wood, and usually one of the earliest species to colonise dead wood. A common European species is Hypoxylon fragiforme which is particular common on dead trunks of beech.
The Xylariaceae are a family of mostly small ascomycetous fungi. It is one of the most commonly encountered groups of ascomycetes and is found throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the world. They are typically found on wood, seeds, fruits, or plant leaves, some even associated with insect nests. Most decay wood and many are plant pathogens.
Xylaria is a genus of ascomycetous fungi commonly found growing on dead wood. The name comes from the Greek xýlon meaning wood.
Camillea tinctor is a species of fungus in the family Graphostromataceae. It is a plant pathogen and saprophyte of dying or weakened trees such as sycamore, oak, or elm. The fungus causes cankers on large branches or the tree trunk. Ascospores of this fungus are transported by wind or rain that can infect existing wounds in trees. It can be identified by orange staining that can be seen on cut wood, and it has protruding ostioles.
Kretzschmaria deusta, commonly known as brittle cinder, is a fungus and plant pathogen found in temperate regions.
Xylaria hypoxylon is a species of bioluminescent fungus in the family Xylariaceae. It is known by a variety of common names, such as the candlestick fungus, the candlesnuff fungus, carbon antlers, or the stag's horn fungus. The fruit bodies, characterized by erect, elongated black branches with whitened tips, typically grow in clusters on decaying hardwood. The fungus can cause a root rot in hawthorn and gooseberry plants.
Tremella is a genus of fungi in the family Tremellaceae. All Tremella species are parasites of other fungi and most produce anamorphic yeast states. Basidiocarps, when produced, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi". Over 100 species of Tremella are currently recognized worldwide. One species, Tremella fuciformis, is commercially cultivated for food.
Annulohypoxylon, sometimes called cramp balls, is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae. The 27 species in the genus have a collectively widespread distribution.
Theissenia is a genus of fungi in the family Graphostromataceae.
Exidia nigricans is a jelly fungus in the family Auriculariaceae. It is a common, wood-rotting species throughout the Northern Hemisphere, typically growing on dead attached branches of broadleaf trees. It has been much confused with Exidia glandulosa.
Annulohypoxylon archeri is a saprophytic fungus species. It was moved from the genus Hypoxylon into the genus Annulohypoxylon erected in 2005 by Hsieh, Ju and Rogers.
Hypoxylon canker of shade trees is a weak ascomycete fungus that negatively affects growth and can eventually lead to the death of weak or diseased host trees. There are many different species that affect different trees. For example, Hypoxylon atropunctatum, a common species, is found on oak trees, Hypoxylon tinctor affects sycamore trees, and Hypoxylon mammatum infests aspen trees.
Xylaria longipes, commonly known as dead moll's fingers, is a species of fungus in the family Xylariaceae.
Light the Night, previously known as Blue Hour, is a 2021 Taiwanese Netflix original series written by Ryan Tu and directed by Lien Yi-chi. The series stars Ruby Lin, Yo Yang, Cheryl Yang, Rhydian Vaughan, Derek Chang, Puff Kuo, Esther Liu, Cherry Hsieh and Nikki Hsieh.
Xylaria culleniae is a species of fungus in the family Xylariaceae. This species known to grow on dried fruits and seeds.
Biscogniauxia atropunctata, the hypoxylon canker, is a species of sac fungus in the family Graphostromataceae. Like many other fungi in the genus, it is a plant pathogen; specifically this species can cause Biscogniauxia (Hypoxylon) canker and dieback disease in host trees.
Tremella iduensis is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces yellow, cornute-frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi, probably species of Hypoxylon on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broad-leaved trees. It has been recorded from Japan and China. Tremella flava, described from Taiwan, may be a synonym.
Hypoxylon fragiforme is a multiperitheciate carbonaceous pyrenomycete known from Europe and North America.
Annulohypoxylon annulatum is a pyrenomycete, a carbonaceous fungus that produces its ascospores in perithecia, and then shoots them out through an opening called the ostiole. Annulohypoxylon was derived from the original genus Hypoxylon in 2005 and is distinguished by their flat, disk-like rings encircling the ostioles. The stromata of A. annulatum are semi-globose to cushion-like and are black in color. They are covered in ostioles surrounded by a flat disc area. A hand lens may be needed in order to see this. This species commonly grows on oak and when crushed and mixed with potassium hydroxide will produce an olive green pigment. Microscopically, "ascospores brown to dark brown, ellipsoid-inequilateral, 7.5-12 × 3.5-5 µm, with straight germ slit spore-length".