Anoual Formation

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Anoual Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Bathonian
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Type Geological formation
Unit of Anoual Syncline
Sub-unitsLower Member, Upper Member
Underlies Unconformity with Ksar Metlili Formation
Overlies Pholadomya Marls and Limestones Formation
Thickness~500 m (1,600 ft)
Lithology
Primary Mudstone (Lower), limestone (Upper)
Other Sandstone, limestone, marl (Lower)
Location
Coordinates 32°30′N3°06′W / 32.5°N 3.1°W / 32.5; -3.1
Approximate paleocoordinates 26°54′N0°54′E / 26.9°N 0.9°E / 26.9; 0.9
Region Figuig Province
CountryFlag of Morocco.svg  Morocco
Extent High Atlas
Type section
Named for Anoual
Morocco relief location map.jpg
Blue pog.svg
Anoual Formation (Morocco)

The Anoual Formation is a geological formation in the High Atlas of Morocco. It is early Bathonian in age. It consists of two members. The lower member is several hundred metres thick, and consists largely of mudstone with lens beds of cross bedded sandstone, with thin intercalations of limestone that was deposited in a freshwater continental setting, likely lacustrine or palustrine, with small marine influences. [1] The upper member is several tens of metres thick and consists of limestone deposited in a shallow marine setting. The formation is fossiliferous, with several of the limestone intercalations yielding a diverse fauna, including amphibians, reptiles, dinosaurs and mammals. [2]

Contents

Paleobiota

Brachiopoda

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic PositionMaterialNotesImages
Burmirhynchia [3]
  • B. gr. termierae-athiaensis
AnoualUpper MemberIsolated shellsA Branchiopod of the family Tetrarhynchiidae
Kallirhynchia [3]
  • K. oranensis
AnoualUpper MemberIsolated shellsA Branchiopod of the family Tetrarhynchiidae
Kallirhynchia specimen Tetrarhynchiidae - Kallirhynchia major cropped.jpg
Kallirhynchia specimen

Crustacea

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic PositionMaterialNotesImages
Asciocythere [3]
  • A. sp.
AnoualUpper MemberIsolated ValvesA Marine Ostracod of the family Schulerideidae.
Bythocypris [3]
  • B. sp.
AnoualUpper MemberIsolated ValvesA Marine Ostracod of the family Bythocyprididae
Asciocythere [3]
  • A. sp.
AnoualUpper MemberIsolated ValvesA Marine Ostracod of the family Schulerideidae.
Cypridea [3]
  • C. cf. postelongata
AnoualLower MemberIsolated ValvesA Freshwater Ostracod of the family Cyprididae
Cypris [3]
  • C. spp.
AnoualLower MemberIsolated ValvesA Freshwater Ostracod of the family Cyprididae
Darwinula [3]
  • D. magna
  • D. cf. leguminella
AnoualLower MemberIsolated ValvesA Freshwater Ostracod of the family Darwinulidae
Fabanella [3]
  • F. bathonica
  • F. sp.
AnoualUpper MemberIsolated ValvesA Marine Ostracod of the order Podocopida
Fastigocythere [3]
  • F. sp.
AnoualUpper MemberIsolated ValvesA Marine Ostracod of the order Podocopida
Klieana [1]
  • K. levis
AnoualUpper MemberIsolated ValvesA Marine Ostracod of the order Cytherideidae
Kinkelinella [1]
  • K. sp.
AnoualLower MemberIsolated ValvesA Freshwater/Brackish Ostracod of the family Protocytheridae
Mantelliana [1]
  • M. sp.
AnoualLower MemberIsolated ValvesA Freshwater Ostracod of the family Cyprididae
Metacypris [3]
  • M. sp.
AnoualLower MemberIsolated ValvesA Freshwater/Brackish Ostracod of the family Limnocytheridae
Paracypris [3]
  • P. sp.
AnoualUpper MemberIsolated ValvesA Marine Ostracod of the family Candonidae. Dominant marine taxon
Pneumatocythere [3]
  • P.? juglandiformis
AnoualUpper MemberIsolated ValvesA Marine Ostracod of the order Podocopida
Praeschuleridea [3]
  • P. sp.
AnoualUpper MemberIsolated ValvesA Marine Ostracod of the family Candonidae.
Procytheridea [1]
  • P. sp.
AnoualUpper MemberIsolated ValvesA Marine Ostracod of the order Podocopida
Scabriculocypris [1]
  • S. sp.
AnoualLower MemberIsolated ValvesA Freshwater Ostracod of the family Cyprididae
Theriosynoecum [1]
  • T. sp.
AnoualLower MemberIsolated ValvesA Freshwater/Brackish Ostracod of the family Limnocytheridae

Mollusca

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic PositionMaterialNotesImages
Lymnaeidae [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberIsolated shellsFreshwater snails
Nerineidae [1] IndeterminateAnoualUpper MemberIsolated shellsMarine snails
Planorbidae [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberIsolated shellsFreshwater snails
Provalvata [1] P. sp.AnoualLower MemberIsolated shellsFreshwater snail of the family Provalvatidae
Valvatidae [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberIsolated shellsFreshwater snails

Fish

Abundant osteichthyan ichthyoliths are know. An isolated spine displaying characters seen in extant cypriniform or siluriform fishes has been recovered, alternatively can belong to a member of Myriacanthidae. [2]

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic PositionMaterialNotesImages
Arganodus [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberIsolated tooth plates Lungfish
Arganodus reconstruction Chinle fish Arganodus cropped cropped.png
Arganodus reconstruction
Lepidotes / Scheenstia [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberIsolated teeth and scales Lepidotidae bony fish
Lepidotes reconstruction Lepidotes 1904.png
Lepidotes reconstruction
cf. Ionoscopiformes [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberRhomboidal scalesTentatively assigned to Ophiopsidae
Mawsoniidae [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberSkull bones including a parasphenoid Coelacanth
Osteoglossiformes [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberSquamules (small scales)The oldest record of the group

Amphibians

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic PositionMaterialNotesImages
Albanerpetontidae [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberIncomplete premaxilla and incomplete frontalLikely represents a new taxon
Caudata? [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberFragment of a dentary
Lissamphibia? [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberFragment of a maxilla

Turtles

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic PositionMaterialNotesImages
Araripemydidae? [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberShell FragmentsResembles both Araripemydids and Trionychidae
Cryptodira? [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberShell FragmentsResembles younger-aged Solemydidae and Pleurosternidae taxa
Testudinata [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberShell FragmentsNeural plate slightly longer than wide
Testudinata [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberShell FragmentsRepresented by smooth plates

Lepidosaurs

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic PositionMaterialNotesImages
cf. Parviraptor [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberFour vertebral centra
Rhynchocephalia [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberOne fragment of dentary bearing two incomplete teeth, one fragment of maxilla bearing the bases of two teeth.
Scincomorpha [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberA fragment of bone bearing teeth, potentially a fragment of bone bearing one complete tooth
Squamata [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberIncomplete maxilla, incomplete dorsal vertebra, one proximal part of femur

Choristoderes

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic PositionMaterialNotesImages
Choristodera [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberFragmentary dentary, centrum of an anterior caudal vertebra, possibly centrum of a dorsal vertebraSimilar to Cteniogenys

Dinosaurs

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic PositionMaterialNotesImages
Theropoda [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberSeveral teeth
Ornithischia [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberToothSimilar to Alocodon
cf.Stegosauria [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberPoorly preserved tooth

Pterosaurs

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic PositionMaterialNotesImages
Rhamphorhynchidae [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberTeeth
Pterosauria [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberTeethSimilar to wukongopterids

Crocodyliformes

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic PositionMaterialNotesImages
cf. Theriosuchus [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberTeeth
Atoposauridae [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberTeeth
Teleosauridae [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberTeeth
Thalattosuchia [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberTeeth, various skeletal elements probably belonging to a single individual

Mammals

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic PositionMaterialNotesImages
Amphitheriidae [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberFragment of right dentary of a juvenile individual with an anterior lower premolar and a replacing posterior premolar, fragment of an edentulous right dentary, probably middle-posterior part.Both fragments probably belong to the same taxon
Dryolestida [2] IndeterminateGuelb el AhmarLower MemberFragment of a tooth bearing one cusp and one root

Charophyta

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic PositionMaterialNotesImages
Aclistochara [4] A. africanaGuelb el AhmarLower MemberGyrogonitesA Characean algae of the family Characeae
Porochara [3] P. hiansAnoualLower Member Oogonia A characean algae of the family Porocharaceae

Palynology

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic PositionMaterialNotesImages
Alisporites [2]
  • A. spp.
Guelb el AhmarLower MemberPollenAffinities with the families Peltaspermaceae or Corystospermaceae
Araucariacites [2]
  • A. australis
Guelb el AhmarLower MemberSporesAffinities with Araucariaceae in the Pinales.
Extant Araucaria. Araucaria bidwillii - pollen cones.jpg
Extant Araucaria .
Callialasporites [2]
  • C. spp.
Guelb el AhmarLower MemberPollenAffinities with Araucariaceae inside Coniferae.
Classopollis [2]
  • C. spp.
Guelb el AhmarLower MemberPollenAffinities with Cheirolepidiaceae inside Coniferae.
Cyathidites [2]
  • C. sp.
Guelb el AhmarLower MemberSporesAffinities with the family Cyatheaceae inside Cyatheales. Arboreal Fern Spores
Example of extant Cyathea, Cyathidites come probably from similar genera Cyathea medullaris.JPG
Example of extant Cyathea , Cyathidites come probably from similar genera
Cycadopites [2]
  • C. spp.
Guelb el AhmarLower MemberPollenAffinities with the Cycadopsida inside Cycadales. Pollen related with modern Cycas
Encephalartos, Cycadopites come probably from similar genera Encephalartos arenarius 4zz.jpg
Encephalartos , Cycadopites come probably from similar genera
Inaperturopollenites [2]
  • I. spp.
Guelb el AhmarLower MemberPollenAffinities with the Pinidae inside Coniferae.
Extant Pinus Cone. Inaperturopollenites is similar to the pollen found on this genus Pinus cembra cones in Groden crop.jpg
Extant Pinus Cone. Inaperturopollenites is similar to the pollen found on this genus
Ischyosporites [2]
  • I. cf. variegatus
  • I. sp
Guelb el AhmarLower MemberSporesAffinities with Pteridopsida, likely derived from a member of Anemiaceae
Extant Anemia specimens; Ischyosporites probably comes from similar genera Anemia phyllitidis (L.) Sw. (15091235457).jpg
Extant Anemia specimens; Ischyosporites probably comes from similar genera
Leptolepidites [2]
  • L. spp.
Guelb el AhmarLower MemberSporesAffinities with the family Dennstaedtiaceae in the Polypodiales. Forest fern spores.
Extant Dennstaedtia specimens; Leptolepidites probably comes from similar genera Fern Path (9540302241).jpg
Extant Dennstaedtia specimens; Leptolepidites probably comes from similar genera
Pityosporites [2]
  • P. sp.
Guelb el AhmarLower MemberPollenAffinities with the Pinidae inside Coniferae.

Fossil Wood

GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic PositionMaterialNotesImages
Agathoxylon [2]
  • A. aff. sahariense
  • Guelb el Ahmar
  • Oued Metlili
Lower MemberFossil WoodConifer fossil wood of the family Araucariaceae
Metapodocarpoxylon [2]
  • M. libanoticum
  • Guelb el Ahmar
  • Oued Metlili
Lower MemberFossil WoodConifer fossil wood of the family Podocarpaceae
Protopodocarpoxylon [2]
  • P. subrochii
  • P. teixeirae
  • Guelb el Ahmar
  • Oued Metlili
Lower MemberFossil WoodConifer fossil wood of the family Hirmeriellaceae
Phyllocladoxylon [2]
  • P. atlasicum
  • Guelb el Ahmar
  • Oued Metlili
Lower MemberFossil WoodConifer fossil wood of the family Podocarpaceae

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References

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