| Anthophora bimaculata | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Green-eyed flower bee (Anthophora bimaculata), Neusiedl am See, Burgenland, Austria | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Apidae |
| Genus: | Anthophora |
| Species: | A. bimaculata |
| Binomial name | |
| Anthophora bimaculata (Panzer, 1798) | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Anthophora bimaculata [2] (also called green-eyed flower bee) is a species of bee. [1]
Anthophora bimaculata are 8–9 mm long. The male has narrow light tergite bandages, yellow face and normally hairy middle legs clearly visible in the field. The females are Clypeus yellow, but at the base with 2 large black spots, tergite 4 and 5 gray-yellow tomentose hairs, tergias with light hair ties in the field clearly recognizable. Both genders have olive green complex eyes and one very high, clearly perceptible flight sound. Knowing the habitat of a specimen is important for identifying A. bimaculata. [3]
A. bimaculata have been spotted in North Africa from Morocco to Libya; a report by FRIESE (1915) from Eritrea is questionable. They also live from Portugal through southern, central and eastern Europe, Ukraine and southern Russia to eastern Siberia (Central Baikal) and across Asia Minor and the Caucasus to Iran and Kyrgyzstan; north to Central England (allegedly also recently detected in Ireland), Denmark, Latvia, Kirov; south to Sicily (also on Corsica, no evidence from Sardinia), Albania, Bulgaria (no evidence from Greece, Israel and Iran). [4]
A. Bimaculata live in central Europe in all regions in suitable habitats. Generally rare. [3] In Germany from all federal states with the exception of Schleswig-Holstein up-to-date everywhere. Reported from all federal states in Austria with the exception of Salzburg, Tyrol and Vorarlberg. In Switzerland currently from Graubünden and Valais, historically from Lake Geneva, Lake Thun and Lake Biel as well as Ticino, Mesox and Domleschg. [4]
A. bimaculata nests in sandy areas of lower locations: inland dunes and fields of drifting sand, sand pits, sandy embankments, ruderal areas, forest edges, and forest clearings. They nest on vegetation-free, flat surfaces or in small trailing edges. They nest only in fine and medium sands (such as drifting sand and weathered sand). [3]
They nest in self-dug cavities in the earth. Their nests are found both in early succession stages with only little vegetation cover as also in late stages with heavy coverage. Their nests have been found in the root balls of silver grass clusters. The main tunnel of the nest is 4–5 cm long deep in the ground. Under favorable conditions, they are found in small to large aggregations. [3]
A. bimaculata is a polylectic species, collecting pollen from 8 known plant families [5] ). Their known pollen sources are, in Asteraceae: Centaurea scabiosa , Centaurea stoebe , Cirsium vulgare, Picris hieracioides, Hypochoeris radicata ; in Boraginaceae: Echium vulgare, Anchuso officinalis ; in Campanulaceae: Trifolium arvense ; in Hypericaceae: Hypericum perforatum ; Lamiaceae: Teucrium scorodonia ; in Lythraceae: Lythrum salicaria ; and in Rosaceae: Potentilla incana . Except for the Hypericum species, all of the above serve both sexes as sources of nectar. Within the pollen loads 3 or 4 different types of pollen can be found. The field observations also showed that the flower visits on a pollen-collecting flight are randomly strung together, depending on the offer. [3]
Ammobates punctatus and Coelioxys rufescens , known as cuckoo bees, are parasites of A. bimaculata. In England Coelioxys elongata was also observed on the nests. [4]
They are a Univoltine species, laying one brood per year. They have a flight period from the beginning of July to the end of August, wintering as a resting larva. [3]
From Latin bi- "=" two "and" maculata "=" speckled ". [4]
Subgenus Heliophila KLUG, 1807. [4]
Synonyms: Saropoda rotundata (PANZER, 1798); Heliophila bimaculata (PANZER, 1798). [4]
Megachilidae is a cosmopolitan family of mostly solitary bees. Characteristic traits of this family are the restriction of their pollen-carrying structure to the ventral surface of the abdomen, and their typically elongated labrum. Megachilid genera are most commonly known as mason bees and leafcutter bees, reflecting the materials from which they build their nest cells ; a few collect plant or animal hairs and fibers, and are called carder bees, while others use plant resins in nest construction and are correspondingly called resin bees. All species feed on nectar and pollen, but a few are kleptoparasites, feeding on pollen collected by other megachilid bees. Parasitic species do not possess scopae. The motion of Megachilidae in the reproductive structures of flowers is energetic and swimming-like; this agitation releases large amounts of pollen.
The bee genus Anthophora is one of the largest in the family Apidae, with over 450 species worldwide in 14 different subgenera. They are most abundant and diverse in the Holarctic and African biogeographic regions. All species are solitary, though many nest in large aggregations. Nearly all species make nests in the soil, either in banks or in flat ground; the larvae develop in cells with waterproof linings and do not spin cocoons. Males commonly have pale white or yellow facial markings, and/or peculiarly modified leg armature and hairs. Anthophora individuals can be distinguished from the very similar genus Amegilla by the possession of an arolium between the tarsal claws.
Osmia cornuta, the European orchard bee, is a species of bee in the genus Osmia.
The hairy-footed flower bee is a species of bee belonging to the family Apidae.
Anthidium oblongatum, the oblong woolcarder bee, is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bees.
Coelioxys, common name leaf-cutting cuckoo bees or sharp-tailed bees, is a genus of solitary kleptoparasitic cuckoo bees belonging to the family Megachilidae.
Megachile maritima, common name coast leaf-cutter, is a species of leaf-cutter bees in the family Megachilidae. It was described by William Kirby in 1802.
Cerceris rybyensis, the ornate tailed digger wasp, is a Palearctic species of solitary wasp from the family Crabronidae which specialised in hunting small to medium-sized mining bees. It is the type species of the genus Cerceris and was named as Sphex rybyensis by Carl Linnaeus in 1771.
Andrena trimmerana, Trimmer's mining bee, is a species of mining bee from the family Andrenidae. It occurs in the western Palearctic but its true status in some areas is muddled due to issues of taxonomy and misidentification.
The Clark's miner bee is a species of miner bee in the family Andrenidae. Other common names include Clark's andrena and Clarke's mining bee. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia and North America.
Monosapyga clavicornis is a hymenopteran from the family Sapygidae. The species is common and not endangered.
Hylaeus communis is a Palearctic species of solitary bee.
Osmia aurulenta is a Palearctic species of mason bee.
Camptopoeum friesei is a species of bees of the genus Camptopoeum.
Hoplitis mocsaryi is a species of bees in the genus Hoplitis.
Coelioxys polycentris is a species of leaf-cutting cuckoo bee native to Europe and the Near East.
Osmia spinulosa, also known as the spined mason bee, is a species of bees within the genus Osmia.
Melecta luctuosa, also known as square-spotted mourning bee, is a species of bee within the family Apidae.
Tetraloniella dentata is a species of bees within the genus Tetraloniella.
Trachusa byssina is a species of bees within the genus Trachusa.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)