| Aquilaria crassna | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Thymelaeaceae |
| Genus: | Aquilaria |
| Species: | A. crassna |
| Binomial name | |
| Aquilaria crassna Pierre | |
Aquilaria crassna is a species of plant in the Thymelaeaceae family. It is critically endangered and native to Southeast Asia. [1]
Aquilaria crassna is one source [2] of agarwood, a resinous heartwood, used for perfume and incense. [3] The resin is produced by the tree in response to infection by a parasitic ascomycetous mold, Phaeoacremonium parasitica, [4] a dematiaceous (dark-walled) fungus.
The pathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica is a member of the Ascomycota. This necrotrophic fungus is native to East Asia and South East Asia and was introduced into Europe and North America in the early 1900s. The fungus spread rapidly and caused significant tree loss in both regions.
Sandalwood is a class of woods from trees in the genus Santalum. The woods are heavy, yellow, and fine-grained, and, unlike many other aromatic woods, they retain their fragrance for decades. Sandalwood oil is extracted from the woods. Sandalwood is often cited as one of the most expensive woods in the world. Both the wood and the oil produce a distinctive fragrance that has been highly valued for centuries. Consequently, some species of these slow-growing trees have suffered over-harvesting in the past.
Pursat is a province of Cambodia. It is in the western part of the country and borders clockwise from the north: Battambang province, the Tonlé Sap, Kampong Chhnang province, Kampong Speu province, Koh Kong province, and Thailand. It lies between the Tonle Sap and the northern end of the Cardamom Mountains. The Pursat River bisects the province, running from the Cardamoms in the west to the Tonle Sap in the east.
Agarwood, aloeswood, eaglewood,gharuwood or the Wood of Gods, most commonly referred to as oud or oudh, is a fragrant dark resinous wood used in incense, perfume, and small carvings. It is formed in the heartwood of Aquilaria trees when they become infected with a type of mold and secrete a resin to combat the mould. Prior to infection, the heartwood is odourless, relatively light and pale coloured; however, as the infection progresses, the tree produces a dark aromatic resin, called aloes or agar as well as gaharu, jinko, oud, or oodhaguru, in response to the attack, which results in a very dense, dark, resin-embedded heartwood. The resin-embedded wood is valued in East and South Asian cultures for its distinctive fragrance, and thus is used for incense and perfumes.
Aquilaria is a genus of fifteen species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes trees, in the family Thymelaeaceae, native to southeast Asia. They occur particularly in the rainforests of Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Northeast India, Bangladesh, the Philippines, Borneo and New Guinea. The trees grow to 6–20 m tall. The leaves are alternate, 5–11 cm long and 2–4 cm broad, with a short acuminate apex and an entire margin. The flowers are yellowish-green, produced in an umbel; the fruit is a woody capsule 2.5–3 cm long.
Baieidō is a Japanese incense company established in 1657, located in Sakai, Osaka Prefecture, It is one of the oldest traditional incense makers in Japan.
Aquilaria beccariana is a species of plant in the Thymelaeaceae family. It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Aquilaria cumingiana is a species of plant in the Thymelaeaceae family. It is found in Indonesia and the Philippines.
Aquilaria hirta is a species of plant in the Thymelaeaceae family. It is found in Malaysia and Indonesia. Aquilaria hirta are suited for carving and hard like stone, but the species of Aquilaria hirta are seldom used in perfume and incense due to rarity.
Aquilaria malaccensis is a species of plant in the family Thymelaeaceae. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, also Thailand. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Aquilaria microcarpa is a species of plant in the Thymelaeaceae family. It is found in Indonesia and Singapore.
Aquilaria rostrata is a species of tree in the family Thymelaeaceae. It is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is sometimes used for agarwood, but unsustainable harvesting is believed to be threatening agarwood-producing species and therefore is discouraged by environmental groups.
Aquilaria sinensis is a species of plant in the family Thymelaeaceae. It is endemic to China. It is threatened by habitat loss. This medicinal plant is a source of fragrant wood, formed under a pathological condition, called Chen Xiang in Standard Mandarin, or chàhm hēung in Cantonese, or agarwood.
Genkwanin is an O-methylated flavone, a type of flavonoid. It can be found in the seeds of Alnus glutinosa, and the leaves of the ferns Notholaena bryopoda and Asplenium normale and Aquilaria.
Richard C. Summerbell is a Canadian mycologist, author and award-winning songwriter. He was editor in chief of an international scientific journal in mycology from 2000 to 2004. In the 1970s and 80s, he was a gay activist and an early commentator on (then) controversial topics such as AIDS and promiscuity and attitudes to homosexuality in organized religion.
Phaeoacremonium is a fungus genus associated with wilt and decline diseases of woody hosts and human infections.
Gyrinops is a genus of nine species of trees, called lign aloes or lign-aloes trees, in the family Thymelaeaceae. They are native to Southeast Asia and the Indian Subcontinent.
The Gaharu Tea Valley is an agro-tourism tea plantation in Gopeng, Kampar District, Perak, Malaysia.
Treedom Oud is a manufacturer of agarwood oil, also known as oud oil or dehn al oud in Arabic. Headquartered in Bangkok, with the distillation facility in Trat Province in eastern Thailand, the company was formed in 2006.
Aquilaria filaria, the palisan, is a species of flowering plant in the family Thymelaeaceae. It is native to the eastern Philippines, the Maluku Islands, and Western New Guinea. A tree reaching 17 m (56 ft), it is a source of agarwood.
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