Atlanta government ransomware attack

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Atlanta government ransomware attack
DateMarch 22, 2018 [1]
Location Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Type Cyberattack
Theme Ransomware encrypting files with $51,000 demand (via Bitcoin)
Cause
  • SamSam Ransomware
OutcomeMultiple municipal services down, including databases and wi-fi
Years' worth of data destroyed
City spends $2.7 million in recovering services

The city of Atlanta, Georgia was the subject of a ransomware attack which began in March 2018. [2] The city recognized the attack on Thursday, March 22, 2018, [1] [3] and publicly acknowledged it was a ransomware attack.

Contents

Due to Atlanta's national importance as a transportation and economic hub, the attack received wide attention [4] and was notable for both the extent and duration of the service outages caused. Many city services and programs were affected by the attack, including utility, parking, and court services. [5] City officials were forced to complete paper forms by hand. [6]

On November 26, a grand jury indicted two Iranian hackers, Faramarz Shahi Savandi and Mohammad Mehdi Shah Mansouri, for the attack. The Department of Justice alleged that Savandi and Mansouri are part of the SamSam group; that the SamSam group is based out of Iran; and that the pair created SamSam Ransomware, the malware used in the attack. There are no affiliations with the government of Iran. [7]

Approach and attack

Leading up to the attack, the Atlanta government was criticized for a lack of spending on upgrading its IT infrastructure, leaving multiple vulnerabilities open to attack. In fact, a January 2018 audit found 1,500 to 2,000 vulnerabilities in the city's systems, and suggested that the number of vulnerabilities had grown so large that workers grew complacent. [8] The virus used to attack the city was the SamSam Ransomware, which differs from other ransomware in that it does not rely on phishing, but rather utilizes a brute-force attack to guess weak passwords until a match is found. It is known to target weaker IT infrastructures and servers. [9] The ransomware has prominently been behind attacks on medical and government organizations since its discovery in 2016, with previous attacks on targets ranging from small towns such as Farmington, New Mexico to the Colorado Department of Transportation and the Erie County Medical Center. It can also bypass antivirus software. [10] Despite no suspects being identified or indicted until November 2018, the SamSam hackers were described as "opportunistic". [11]

On March 22, at 5:40 AM, the Department of Atlanta Information Management first learned of outages on various internal and customer applications “including some applications customers use to pay bills or access court related information,” according to Richard Cox, the city's interim Chief of Operations. Soon afterward, the city shut down many of its digital services in an attempt to control the situation, including its court system database and the wi-fi at Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport. The city eventually identified it as a ransomware attack. [3] [1]

Aftermath and recovery efforts

This hack was notable as it was the largest successful breach of security for a major American city by ransomware, potentially affecting up to 6 million people. [9] [12] Following the attack, the city of Atlanta cooperated with the FBI, Department of Homeland Security, and Secret Service and hired security firms such as SecureWorks to investigate, and many government computers were advised to stay powered off until 5 days later. [6]

Though the city declared that there was little to no evidence that personal data had been compromised, later studies show that the breach was worse than originally estimated. In June 2018, it was estimated that a third of the software programs used by the city remained offline or partially disabled. [13] In addition, many legal documents and police dashcam video files were permanently deleted, though the police department was able to restore access to all its investigation files. [14] For a while, residents were forced to pay their bills and forms by paper. [6]

In response to this hack, Atlanta devoted $2.7 million to contractors in order to recover, but later estimated it would need $9.5 million. [13]

On November 26, 2018, the Department of Justice indicted two Iranian hackers for the attack, charging that Faramarz Shahi Savandi and Mohammad Mehdi Shah Mansouri were part of the SamSam group and created SamSam Ransomware. [7]

Related Research Articles

Ransomware is a type of cryptovirological malware that permanently blocks access to the victim's personal data unless a ransom is paid. While some simple ransomware may lock the system without damaging any files, more advanced malware uses a technique called cryptoviral extortion. It encrypts the victim's files, making them inaccessible, and demands a ransom payment to decrypt them. In a properly implemented cryptoviral extortion attack, recovering the files without the decryption key is an intractable problem, and difficult-to-trace digital currencies such as paysafecard or Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are used for the ransoms, making tracing and prosecuting the perpetrators difficult.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">WannaCry ransomware attack</span> 2017 worldwide ransomware cyberattack

The WannaCry ransomware attack was a worldwide cyberattack in May 2017 by the WannaCry ransomware cryptoworm, which targeted computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system by encrypting data and demanding ransom payments in the Bitcoin cryptocurrency. It was propagated by using EternalBlue, an exploit developed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) for Windows systems. EternalBlue was stolen and leaked by a group called The Shadow Brokers a month prior to the attack. While Microsoft had released patches previously to close the exploit, much of WannaCry's spread was from organizations that had not applied these, or were using older Windows systems that were past their end of life. These patches were imperative to cyber security, but many organizations did not apply them, citing a need for 24/7 operation, the risk of formerly working applications breaking because of the changes, lack of personnel or time to install them, or other reasons, like Ben not being bothered.

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A series of powerful cyberattacks using the Petya malware began on 27 June 2017 that swamped websites of Ukrainian organizations, including banks, ministries, newspapers and electricity firms. Similar infections were reported in France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Russia, United Kingdom, the United States and Australia. ESET estimated on 28 June 2017 that 80% of all infections were in Ukraine, with Germany second hardest hit with about 9%. On 28 June 2017, the Ukrainian government stated that the attack was halted. On 30 June 2017, the Associated Press reported experts agreed that Petya was masquerading as ransomware, while it was actually designed to cause maximum damage, with Ukraine being the main target.

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On May 7, 2021, Colonial Pipeline, an American oil pipeline system that originates in Houston, Texas, and carries gasoline and jet fuel mainly to the Southeastern United States, suffered a ransomware cyberattack that impacted computerized equipment managing the pipeline. The Colonial Pipeline Company halted all pipeline operations to contain the attack. Overseen by the FBI, the company paid the amount that was asked by the hacker group within several hours; upon receipt of the ransom, an IT tool was provided to the Colonial Pipeline Company by DarkSide to restore the system. However, the tool required a very long processing time to restore the system to a working state.

In Q2 of 2013, Akamai Technologies reported that Indonesia topped China with a portion 38 percent of cyber attacks, an increase from the 21 percent portion in the previous quarter. China was at 33 percent and the US at 6.9 percent. 79 percent of attacks came from the Asia Pacific region. Indonesia dominated the attacking to ports 80 and 443 by about 90 percent.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Atlanta, GA : Ransomware Cyberattack Information". www.atlantaga.gov. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  2. ↑ Brumback, Kate (March 23, 2018). "Atlanta city computer network remains hobbled by cyberattack". AP News. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
  3. 1 2 Deere, Stephen (March 23, 2018). "Atlanta officials warn cyber attack may compromise sensitive data". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. ISSN   1539-7459 . Retrieved August 8, 2023.
  4. ↑ Blinder, Alan; Perlroth, Nicole (March 27, 2018). "A Cyberattack Hobbles Atlanta, and Security Experts Shudder" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022.
  5. ↑ Kearney, Laila (March 23, 2018). Maler, Sandra (ed.). "Atlanta ransomware attack throws city services into disarray". Reuters.
  6. 1 2 3 Hutcherson, Kimberly (March 27, 2018). "Six days after a ransomware cyberattack, Atlanta officials are filling out forms by hand". CNN.
  7. 1 2 Perlroth, Nicole; Benner, Katie (November 28, 2018). "Iranians Accused in Cyberattacks, Including One That Hobbled Atlanta" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 14, 2022. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  8. ↑ "ISO/IEC 27001 ISMS Precertification Audit". City Auditor's Office. January 2018.
  9. 1 2 Freed, Benjamin (April 24, 2018). "Atlanta was not prepared to respond to a ransomware attack". StateScoop. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  10. ↑ Crowe, Jonathan (March 2018). "City of Atlanta Hit with SamSam Ransomware: 5 Key Things to Know". Barkly vs Malware. Barkly Protects, Inc. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  11. ↑ "SamSam ransomware attacks have earned nearly $850,000". CSO Online. IDG. March 23, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  12. ↑ Poon, Linda (March 30, 2018). "Why Are Cities So Vulnerable to Cyber Attack?". Bloomberg. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  13. 1 2 Kearney, Laila (June 6, 2018). Adler, Leslie (ed.). "Atlanta officials reveal worsening effects of cyber attack". Reuters. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  14. ↑ Vaas, Lisa (June 8, 2018). "Atlanta ransomware attack destroyed years of police dashcam video". Naked Security. Sophos.
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