![]() BRM P83 on display at the Donington Grand Prix Collection | |||||||||
Category | Formula One | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constructor | British Racing Motors | ||||||||
Designer(s) | Tony Rudd John Crosthwaite | ||||||||
Predecessor | BRM P261 / BRM P67 | ||||||||
Successor | BRM P115 | ||||||||
Technical specifications | |||||||||
Chassis | Duralumin monocoque | ||||||||
Suspension (front) | Double wishbone, with inboard spring/damper units | ||||||||
Suspension (rear) | Double wishbone, with outboard coilover spring/damper units | ||||||||
Axle track | F: 59 in (1,499 mm) (adj.) R: 60 in (1,524 mm) (adj.) | ||||||||
Wheelbase | 96 in (2,438 mm) (adjustable) | ||||||||
Engine | BRM P75 2,999 cc (183.0 cu in) H16 naturally aspirated, mid-mounted | ||||||||
Transmission | 6-speed manual | ||||||||
Weight | 1,480 lb (671.3 kg) | ||||||||
Fuel | Shell | ||||||||
Tyres | Dunlop, Goodyear | ||||||||
Competition history | |||||||||
Notable entrants | Owen Racing Organisation Reg Parnell Racing | ||||||||
Notable drivers | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||||||||
Debut | 1966 Italian Grand Prix | ||||||||
Last event | 1967 Mexican Grand Prix | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Constructors' Championships | 0 | ||||||||
Drivers' Championships | 0 | ||||||||
n.b. Unless otherwise stated, all data refer to Formula One World Championship Grands Prix only. |
The BRM P83 was a Formula One racing car designed by Tony Rudd and Geoff Johnson and built by British Racing Motors for the new engine regulations of 1966. It used a highly unorthodox H16 engine which caused problems throughout the car's racing life, and despite the best efforts of Graham Hill and Jackie Stewart took BRM from championship contenders to also-rans, leading it to be regarded alongside the BRM Type 15 as another embarrassing failure for the British marque caused by overcomplicated engineering.
After winning the 1962 Drivers' and Constructors' championships BRM had finished second each year, coming close to the championship in 1964 and having a promising 1965 season with the excellent P261. In 1966 the Formula One regulations with regards to engines were changed from a maximum 1.5 litres normally aspirated to either 3 litres normally aspirated or 1.5 litres supercharged following complaints that the smaller engines used from 1961 to 1965 weren't powerful enough for the premier category of motorsport. As a result, many teams were left looking for a new engine supply while BRM, who built their own very successful V8 engines, had to decide on what manner of new engine to develop to meet the new formula.
BRM decided to hedge their bets by developing their existing 16 valve 1.5 litre V8 into a 32 valve 3 litre H16 (effectively two flat 8s one on top of the other and geared together) while also developing a new 48 valve 3 litre V12 in partnership with Harry Weslake and opt for whichever turned out to be the better powerplant. After much debate Sir Alfred Owen decided BRM would go with the H16 and Weslake bought out BRM's involvement in the V12 and produced the engine that went on to power the Eagle T1G. The H16's development was complicated by BRM's involvement in two further V12 designs and a 4.2 litre version of the H16 for Lotus to use at Indianapolis.
Various crankshaft vibration problems [1] dogged the engine from the start, and to compound matters quick-fix balancing weights attached to the crankshafts developed the unfortunate habit of detaching themselves and flying off within the engines causing several catastrophic engine failures. Each side of the engine had to have its own water radiator, fuel metering unit, distributor and water pump, [2] with a common oil radiator. The sheer complexity of the engine led to a truly terrible record of unreliability; engine, transmission and related problems caused 27 of the powerplant's 30 retirements from 40 entries. [3] Jackie Stewart said of the engine "it was unnecessarily large, used more fuel, carried more oil and needed more water - all of which added weight and diminished the vehicle's agility" [4]
The initial 32 valve engine produced 395 horsepower at 10,250 RPM, with a later 64 valve variant raising this to 420 hp at 10,500 RPM. While these constituted reasonable figures compared to the Ferrari, Honda and Weslake V12s and the Cosworth V8 of 1967, the H16 had an extremely narrow power band and was by some distance the heaviest engine on the grid, starting out weighing 555 lb when introduced in 1966 with the final lightweight version lowering this to 398 lb.
The engine was also used by Team Lotus in the Lotus 43 as a stopgap while the Cosworth DFV was developed.
Like contemporary designs such as the Lotus 33 and Cooper T81, the P83 chassis was a riveted monocoque made of Duralumin with integral fuel tanks running down the chassis on either side of the driver. Unlike these cars though, the engine was designed to be a stressed member of the chassis in the same configuration that the much more successful Cosworth DFV would later establish as the norm, and was mated to a 6-speed gearbox, with the gear lever unusually situated to the left of the driver. The front suspension was conventionally arranged, with unequal length double wishbones and inboard coil springs and dampers. The rear suspension consisted of twin radius arms, reversed lower wishbones, single top links and outboard springs and dampers, attached to the gearbox and engine. [5] The size of the engine gave the car a centre of gravity that was not just rearward but higher than other cars, due to the height of the upper crankshaft above the ground and the need to have the entire engine raised slightly to make room for the lower set of exhausts which left the engine from underneath the car.
The first outing for the P83 came at the first race of 1966 in Monaco, Stewart trying out the car in practise before driving a P261 to victory in the race. In Belgium both Hill and Stewart practised with the P83, both opting to use the P261 in the race, Stewart having his infamous crash at Masta which put him out of the next race in France. Two P83s were now available and around the fast Reims circuit Hill set a time which would have been good enough for fourth on the grid, but started eighth in the P261 instead after having gearbox problems.
The P83 was left behind for the next three races while work was done to try to cure the H16's various issues, but for the last three races both cars finally reached the start line, with a third P83 and a P261 taken as spares. At Monza the team had problems all weekend, with even the P261's engine failing at one stage, and in the race Hill's H16 blew on lap one while Stewart had to retire when a leaking fuel tank left him soaked in petrol.
Two cars were entered for the 1966 International Gold Cup at Oulton Park where Stewart qualified third with Hill fourth, but after a promising display with first Stewart and then Hill each leading the race ahead of eventual winner Brabham both cars retired with engine problems. [6] The 1966 United States Grand Prix offered the largest prize of the year, and Hill and Stewart lined up fifth and sixth on the grid. Hill suffered gearbox problems early on in the race but managed to carry on, while with other cars retiring Stewart found himself in third place by lap 35, a fair way behind Clark's Lotus in second. Hill finally retired with a broken differential on lap 53, and a lap later Stewart also had to retire when a cylinder liner broke. On the following lap the leader Brabham broke a camshaft, allowing Clark to nurse his car home for an incredible first (and it turned out, only) win for the BRM H16 engine.
Hill and Stewart lined up seventh and tenth for the final race of the year in Mexico, both cars leaking oil in practise caused by a leaking oil pressure relief valve that was easily fixed. In the race Hill's engine was misfiring from the start and lasted 18 laps, while Stewart moved up to third trailing smoke as another leak slowly drained all the oil from the engine, retiring after 26 laps. After being second and fifth in the Championship after six rounds in the P261, Hill and Stewart ended the season without adding to their points in fifth and seventh place.
Graham Hill left BRM at the end of 1966 and was replaced by Mike Spence. For the first race in South Africa Stewart qualified ninth with Spence 13th, and the team started 1967 as 1966 had finished, Stewart's engine blowing after two laps and Spence retiring with an oil leak before half distance. Between South Africa and Monaco, BRM and most of the other leading teams took part in three non-championship races in Britain. Spence was BRM's only entry at Brands Hatch for the 1967 Race of Champions where he qualifying in eighth, finished 5th in Heat 1, 7th in Heat 2 and 7th again in the final race. Stewart was back with Spence for the Oulton Park Spring Cup with Stewart qualifying in pole position a full second ahead of Denny Hulme's Brabham, with Spence fifth. In the first heat Stewart encountered problems and finished six laps down in last place, but Spence managed his best result in the car in third place. In the second heat both cars finished with Stewart fourth and Spence sixth, with Spence sixth again in the final and Stewart crashing out. The last non-championship race for the car was the International Trophy at Silverstone, Stewart driving the P83 while Spence was in a P261. Stewart again qualified on pole position setting the same time as Mike Parkes's Ferrari, but retired with gearbox problems after 17 laps. [7]
For Monaco. Stewart went back to the P261 while Spence persisted with the P83. He qualified twelfth on the sixteen-car grid and scored the P83's first points with sixth place in the race, although he was the last car to finish and fully 4 laps behind Denny Hulme's Brabham. At Zandvoort. Stewart and Spence lined up on the fifth row in eleventh and twelfth, more than 2.5 seconds behind the new Lotus Ford of Hill who took pole. Stewart ran as high as fifth before retiring with brake problems, while Spence drove steadily and finished three laps down in eighth place. For the Belgian Grand Prix the fast layout of Spa suited the H16 a little better and Stewart qualified in sixth with Spence eleventh. In the race oil spilled by Stewart's car led to Mike Parkes's career-ending accident at Blanchimont on lap one, but Stewart was running well and inherited the lead when Clark's leading Lotus suffered problems. Stewart himself was then overtaken by winner Dan Gurney after his car developed a gearbox problem, having to be driven single-handed while the other hand held the gear lever in place. Nevertheless, Stewart brought the car home in second more than half a minute ahead of Chris Amon, while Spence scored points again finishing a lap down in fifth place.
The French Grand Prix took place on the tight and twisty Le Mans Bugatti circuit, and Stewart again opted for the more nimble P261 while Spence took Stewart's 8303 chassis and Spence's 8302 chassis was entered by Reg Parnell Racing with Chris Irwin driving. Irwin out-qualified Stewart taking 9th place on the grid, while Spence was a second slower in twelfth. In the race Spence completed nine laps before a halfshaft broke, while Irwin was running fourth when an engine problem put him out, although he was still classified in fifth place. At Silverstone both of the works P83s suffered suspension failures in practice, and as a result Stewart took over the Reg Parnell P83 of Irwin, who in turn was given the P261 of Piers Courage, who had to sit out the race. For once Spence out-qualified Stewart with the two cars in 11th and 12th place but at the end of the second lap Spence's electrics caught fire and he lost ten minutes while the car was repaired. Stewart broke down after 20 laps with transmission problems and after 44 laps Spence retired from 13th with further electrical problems.
BRM built a new lightweight P115 chassis which arrived for the German Grand Prix, and Stewart would use this car for the rest of the season leaving Spence and Irwin in the heavier P83s. While Stewart put the new car on the front row Spence and Irwin were well back in eleventh and fifteenth out of the seventeen F1 runners, Spence becoming the first retirement after three out of fifteen laps with the same differential problems that would claim Stewart later in the race. Meanwhile, Irwin took advantage of the many retirements and finished the race two laps down in seventh place.
The three H16 BRMs of Stewart, Spence and Irwin were together on the grid in ninth, tenth and eleventh place for the Canadian Grand Prix, and at the start all three cars gained places, the weight of the engine perhaps providing added traction in the wet conditions. Irwin climbed as high as seventh before falling back and ultimately spinning off after 18 laps. Spence again got the car to the finish and after running in eighth for much of the race a spate of late problems for others lifted him to fifth place, three laps down but two places ahead of Bruce McLaren, who had impressed running second in a car powered by the BRM V12 that would replace the H16 for 1968. At Monza Spence and Irwin sandwiched three of the Cooper Maseratis in twelfth and sixteenth place on the grid. Fuel injection problems forced Irwin out after 16 laps while running tenth, Spence doing his usual job of hanging around and taking advantage of retirements to finish fifth again.
BRM skipped the Gold Cup and the teams crossed the Atlantic for the last two races of 1967. At Watkins Glen the two P83s started thirteenth and fourteenth and retired well short of half-distance on laps 35 and 41, both with engine problems. The Mexican Grand Prix would be the last race for the P83, with Spence qualifying twelfth and Irwin fifteenth. Irwin moved up to twelfth before his engine ran out of oil, while Spence, as so many times in 1967, managed to hang around until the end to claim fifth and two extra points. In the drivers' championship this moved Spence to within a point of ninth-placed Stewart, who had failed to finish a single race in the P115, while Chris Irwin's two points from France put him in joint-sixteenth place, BRM as a whole taking sixth in the Constructors' Championship. Like Graham Hill the year before, Stewart decided to leave BRM for 1968, joining Ken Tyrrell's new team, while Spence was killed at Indianapolis in May 1968 and Irwin's career was cut short by a sports car crash at the Nürburgring less than two weeks later.
(key)
Year | Entrant | Engine/s | Tyres | Driver | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Points | WCC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1966 | Owen Racing Organisation | BRM H16 | D | MON | BEL | FRA | GBR | NED | GER | ITA | USA | MEX | 22 1 | 4th 1 | |||
Jackie Stewart | PO | PO | Ret | Ret | Ret | ||||||||||||
Graham Hill | PO | PO | Ret | Ret | Ret | ||||||||||||
1967 | Owen Racing Organisation | BRM H16 | G | RSA | MON | NED | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | CAN | ITA | USA | MEX | 17 2 | 6th 2 | |
Jackie Stewart | Ret | Ret | 2 | Ret | |||||||||||||
Mike Spence | Ret | 6 | 8 | 5 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 5 | 5 | Ret | 5 | ||||||
Reg Parnell Racing | Chris Irwin | 5 | PO | 9 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | |||||||||
^1 All points scored by BRM P261 cars.
^2 Includes four points scored by BRM P261 cars.
(key)
Year | Entrant | Engine | Tyres | Drivers | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1966 | Owen Racing Organisation | BRM H16 | RSA | SYR | INT | OUL | ||||
Graham Hill | Ret | |||||||||
Jackie Stewart | Ret | |||||||||
1967 | Owen Racing Organisation | BRM H16 | ROC | SPC | INT | SYR | OUL | ESP | ||
Jackie Stewart | Ret | Ret | ||||||||
Mike Spence | 6 | |||||||||
Reg Parnell Racing | 7 1 | |||||||||
^1 Parnell Racing ran the works car for this race.
Of the three chassis built, two were later modified for use in Formula 5000. The first chassis to be completed, 8301, was fitted with a Ford V8 taken from a GT40 and entered by Colin Crabbe in a 1969 F5000 race at Mallory Park although he did not start the race due to an engine failure. Terry Sanger raced the car in a further five F5000 races that year, finishing each time and picking up two sixth places. [8] Chassis 8303 was fitted with a 3.5 litre Rover V8 and made a one-off appearance in the hands of Peter Gerrish at Hockenheim in 1971 but retired, again due to engine failure. [9] A T83 driven by Bobbie Bell won the first three rounds of the 1973 BRDC Formula Libre championship fitted with a 5.7 litre Ford V8. [10]
British Racing Motors (BRM) was a British Formula One motor racing team. Founded in 1945 and based in the market town of Bourne in Lincolnshire, it participated from 1951 to 1977, competing in 197 grands prix and winning seventeen. BRM won the constructors' title in 1962 when its driver Graham Hill became world champion. In 1963, 1964, 1965 and 1971, BRM came second in the constructors' competition.
The 1966 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Circuit de Monaco on 22 May 1966. It was race 1 of 9 in both the 1966 World Championship of Drivers and the 1966 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The race was the first World Championship event of a new era for Formula One, for which engine regulations were altered from 1.5 litres of maximum engine displacement to 3.0 litres. The race was the 24th Monaco Grand Prix.
The 1966 United States Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on October 2, 1966, at the Watkins Glen Grand Prix Race Course in Watkins Glen, New York. It was race 8 of 9 in both the 1966 World Championship of Drivers and the 1966 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The race was the ninth United States Grand Prix. It was the sixth to be held at Watkins Glen. The race was held over 108 laps of the 3.78-kilometre circuit for a total race distance of 408 kilometres.
The 1968 Formula One season was the 22nd season of the FIA's Formula One motor racing. It featured the 19th World Championship of Drivers, the 11th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers, and three non-championship races open to Formula One cars. The World Championship was contested over twelve races between 1 January and 3 November 1968.
The 1966 Formula One season was the 20th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 17th World Championship of Drivers, the 9th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers, and four non-championship races open to Formula One cars. The World Championship was contested over nine races between 22 May and 23 October 1966.
The 1965 Formula One season was the 19th season of FIA Formula One racing. It featured the 16th World Championship of Drivers, the 8th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers, and seven non-championship races open to Formula One cars. The World Championship was contested over ten races between 1 January and 24 October 1965.
Michael Henderson Spence was a British racing driver from Surrey in England. He participated in 37 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 8 September 1963. He achieved one podium, and scored a total of 27 championship points. He also participated in numerous non-Championship Formula One races, as well as sports car racing.
The Lotus 49 was a Formula One racing car designed by Colin Chapman and Maurice Philippe for the 1967 F1 season. It was designed around the Cosworth DFV engine that would power most of the Formula One grid through the 1970s. It was one of the first F1 cars to use a stressed member engine combined with a monocoque to reduce weight, with other teams adopting the concept after its success. An iteration of it, the 49B, also pioneered the use of aerofoils to generate downforce.
The Lotus 33 was a Formula One car designed by Colin Chapman and Len Terry and built by Team Lotus. A development of the successful Lotus 25, in the hands of Jim Clark it won five World Championship Grands Prix in 1965, taking Clark to his second World Championship.
The Lotus 43 was a Formula One racing car designed by Colin Chapman for the 1966 season. Hampered by its heavy and unreliable BRM engine, it won only one race, the 1966 United States Grand Prix.
Four-wheel drive (4WD) has only been tried a handful of times in Formula One. In the World Championship era since 1950, only eight such cars are known to have been built.
The BRM P261, also known as the BRM P61 Mark II, is a Formula One motor racing car, designed and built by the British Racing Motors team in Bourne, Lincolnshire, England. The BRM P261 was introduced for the 1964 Formula One season, and its design was an evolution of Tony Rudd's one-off BRM P61 car of 1963. The P261 had a relatively long racing career; variants of the car were still being entered for Formula One World Championship Grands Prix as late as 1968. During the course of their front-line career, BRM P261s won six World Championship races, in the hands of works drivers Graham Hill and Jackie Stewart, and finished second in both the Drivers' and Constructors' Championship standings in 1964 and 1965. Stewart, Hill and Richard Attwood also used works P261s to compete in the Tasman Series in 1966. The BRMs dominated, with Stewart winning four, Hill two, and Attwood one of the 1966 Tasman Series' eight races. Stewart also won the title. The works-backed Reg Parnell Racing team returned in 1967 with Stewart and Attwood, where Stewart added another two wins to his tally. In terms of races won and total championship points scored, the P261 was the most successful car in BRM's history.
The BRM P57 was a Formula One racing car raced in Formula One from 1962 to 1965.
The BRM P61 was a Formula One racing car built for the 1963 Formula One season. It was BRM's first attempt at the monocoque design introduced by Lotus a year earlier. Fundamental design issues would mean the car only competed 2 Grands Prix before being garaged in favor of the older, more reliable spaceframe P57. A redesigned monocoque car, dubbed the P261, was introduced for 1964.
The BRM P115 was a Formula 1 racing car built by British Racing Motors in 1967.
The BRM P75 was a 3-litre H16 motor racing engine, developed by BRM. The engine was relatively competitive but highly unreliable, and was used in Formula One from 1966 to 1968.
The Lotus 42 is an open-wheel race car built by Team Lotus for the 1967 Indianapolis 500. The car was unsuccessful that year, with Graham Hill retiring on lap 23 of the race.
The Cooper T60 is a Formula One racing car from the Cooper Car Company, which was in use from 1962 to 1965. It won a single World Championship Grand Prix, the 1962 Monaco Grand Prix, driven by Bruce McLaren.
The British Racing Motors V8 was a four-stroke, naturally aspirated, 1.5 L (92 cu in), V-8 racing engine, designed, developed and built by British Racing Motors (BRM) to compete in Formula One racing (although an enlarged 2.0 L version was used for sports car racing. It was built between 1962 and 1967, and came in two version; the P56, and the P60.
The BRM V12 engine is a V12 Formula One racing engine, designed, developed and built by British manufacturer and constructor BRM, between 1967 and 1977.