| Barclaya | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Barclaya longifolia | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Order: | Nymphaeales |
| Family: | Nymphaeaceae |
| Genus: | Barclaya Wall. |
| Type species | |
| Barclaya longifolia Wall. [1] | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
| |
Barclaya is a genus of six species of flowering plants of the family Nymphaeaceae. [2] Barclaya are aquatic plants native to tropical Asia. The genus was named in honour of the American-born English brewer and patron of science Robert Barclay. [3] [4]
Its species are perennial, [1] aquatic, [5] rhizomatous herbs [1] with slender, horizontal, [6] [7] villous-pubescent, [6] creeping or tuberous, often stoloniferous rhizomes. [1] The petiolate leaves are mostly submerged [6] [1] and do not float on the water surface. [1] The linear, [7] oblong, or suborbicular lamina [6] with a cordate base [7] has an entire margin. [6]
The solitary, [4] [1] pedunculate, sumberged or emerged, bisexual, often cleistogamous flowers [6] have 4–5 hypogynous outer tepals, [1] [8] and 8–20 inner tepals, [6] which are basally fused to a tube. [6] [1] [8] The gynoecium consists of 7–12 fused carpels [1] with curved stigmatic appendages. [6] The globular, irregularly dehiscent 1.0–1.5(–2.0) cm wide fruit, [1] which is enclosed in persistent sepals and petals, [6] bears globose, [4] echinate seeds. [1]
The genus Barclaya Wall. was first published by Nathaniel Wallich in 1827 [2] with Barclaya longifoliaWall. as the type species. [1] Though Hydrostemma is a name that is older than the name Barclaya, having been published 6 months earlier, the name Barclaya has been "conserved" as it was deemed being much better known than Hydrostemma. [9]
| Flower | Species | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
| Barclaya hirta (Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq. [1] | Indonesia, Sumatera [1] | |
| Barclaya kunstleri (King) Ridl. [1] | Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore [1] | |
 | Barclaya longifolia Wall. [2] | India, Andaman Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Peninsular Malaysia [1] |
| Barclaya motleyi Hook.f. [2] | Thailand , peninsular Malaysia, Sumatera, Riau Islands, Sarawak, Kalimantan, Papua, and Papua New Guinea [1] | |
| Barclaya panchorensis Komala [2] | Malaya Peninsula [10] | |
| Barclaya rotundifolia M.Hotta [2] | Sarawak, Johore, Malaysia [11] | |
| Barclaya rugosa Sofiman Othman & N.Jacobsen [2] | Malaya Peninsula [12] | |
| Barclaya wellyi Wongso, Ipor & N.Jacobsen [2] | Sumatra [13] | |
The separate family Barclayaceae H.L.Li was published in 1955. [14] It has been believed to be separate, due to the extended perianth tube (combined sepals and petals) arising from the top of the ovary and by stamens that are joined basally. However, morphological and genetic studies support the position of Barclaya in the family Nymphaeaceae. [15] A separate order Barclayales Doweld was proposed in 2001. [16] [17]
The accepted placement of Barclaya is within the family Nymphaeaceae of the order Nymphaeales. [18]
The diploid chromosome count is 2n = 36. [1]
Within tropical rainforests, Barclaya develops alongside streams or at their fringes. The escalating deforestation across Southeast Asia is causing the habitats to become clouded, endangering Barclaya. [19]
The IUCN conservation status of Barclaya longifolia is least concern (LC). [20] The IUCN conservation status of Barclaya motleyi is data deficient (DD). [21]
In Laos, Barclaya longifolia is used for its edible leaves. [22]
Barclaya longifolia is a popular aquarium plant. [23] [9] [24] Under high light conditions the attractive, upright foliage displays green colouration. Under lower light conditions brownish foliage is produced. [25] It easily sets seed in cultivation, if pollen is deposited on the stigma. [26]
The Nymphaeales are an order of flowering plants, consisting of three families of aquatic plants, the Hydatellaceae, the Cabombaceae, and the Nymphaeaceae. It is one of the three orders of basal angiosperms, an early-diverging grade of flowering plants. At least 10 morphological characters unite the Nymphaeales. One of the traits is the absence of a vascular cambium, which is required to produce both xylem (wood) and phloem, which therefore are missing. Molecular synapomorphies are also known.
Nymphaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains five genera with about 70 known species. Water lilies are rooted in soil in bodies of water, with leaves and flowers floating on or rising from the surface. Leaves are oval and heart-shaped in Barclaya. Leaves are round, with a radial notch in Nymphaea and Nuphar, but fully circular in Victoria and Euryale.
Ceratophyllum is a cosmopolitan genus of flowering plants including four accepted living species in 2016, commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. It is the only extant genus in the family Ceratophyllaceae, itself the only extant family in the order Ceratophyllales. They are usually called coontails or hornworts, although hornwort is also used for unrelated plants of the division Anthocerotophyta.
Ceratophyllaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants including one living genus commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. It is the only extant family in the order Ceratophyllales. Species are commonly called coontails or hornworts, although hornwort is also used for unrelated plants of the division Anthocerotophyta.
Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.
Amborella is a monotypic genus of understory shrubs or small trees endemic to the main island, Grande Terre, of New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The genus is the only member of the family Amborellaceae and the order Amborellales and contains a single species, Amborella trichopoda. Amborella is of great interest to plant systematists because molecular phylogenetic analyses consistently place it as the sister group to all other flowering plants, meaning it was the earliest group to evolve separately from all other flowering plants.
Victoria or giant waterlily is a genus of aquatic herbs in the plant family Nymphaeaceae. Its leaves have a remarkable size: Victoria boliviana produces leaves up to 3.2 metres (10 ft) in width. The genus name was given in honour of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
Victoria cruziana is a tropical species of flowering plant, of the Nymphaeaceae family of water lilies native to South America, primarily Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina and Paraguay.
Muscari is a genus of perennial bulbous plants native to Eurasia that produce spikes of dense, most commonly blue, urn-shaped flowers resembling bunches of grapes in the spring. The common name for the genus is grape hyacinth, but they should not be confused with hyacinths. A number of species of Muscari are used as ornamental garden plants.
The Cabombaceae are a family of aquatic, herbaceous flowering plants. A common name for its species is water shield. The family is recognised as distinct in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV system (2016). The family consists of two genera of aquatic plants, Brasenia and Cabomba, totalling six species.
Beaucarnea is a genus of flowering plants native to Mexico and Central America. In the APG III classification system, it is placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Nolinoideae. Beaucarnea is sometimes treated as a synonym of the genus Nolina, with the species being then transferred to that genus. However, recent research shows that Beaucarnea should be treated as an independent genus.
Tricyrtis is a genus of Asian flowering plants in the lily family, with approximately 20 known species. The species are commonly known in English as toad lilies. The genus has a native range from the Himalayas to eastern Asia, including China, Japan, Philippines and Taiwan, and a few species are cultivated for their ornamental qualities in other parts of the world.
Trithuria is a genus of small ephemeral aquatic herb that represent the only members of the family Hydatellaceae found in India, Australia, and New Zealand. Almost all described species of Trithuria are found in Australia, with the exception of T. inconspicua and T. konkanensis, from New Zealand and India respectively. Until DNA sequence data and a reinterpretation of morphology proved otherwise, these plants were believed to be monocots related to the grasses (Poaceae). They are unique in being the only plants besides two members of Triuridaceae in which the stamens are centred and surrounded by the pistils; in Hydatellaceae the resulting 'flowers' may instead represent condensed inflorescences or non-flowers.
Barclaya longifolia is a species of perennial aquatic plant native to the region of Indo-China to Northwest Peninsular Malaysia.
Barclaya motleyi is a species of perennial aquatic plant native to the region spanning from Thailand to Western Malesia, and New Guinea.
Barclaya rotundifolia is a species of perennial aquatic plant native peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo.
Barclaya rugosa is a species of perennial aquatic plant endemic to peninsular Malaysia.
Barclaya wellyi is a species of perennial aquatic plant native to Sumatra, Indonesia.
Barclaya hirta is a species of aquatic plant native to Sumatra, Indonesia. It is disputed. By some, it is treated as synonym of Barclaya motleyi, but by others it is regarded as a separate species.
Barclaya kunstleri is a species of aquatic plant native to Peninsular Malaysia, and Singapore. It is disputed. By some, it is treated as synonym of Barclaya motleyi, but by others it is regarded as a separate species.