Behenian fixed star

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The Behenian fixed stars are a selection of fifteen stars considered especially useful for magical applications in the medieval astrology of Europe and the Arab world. Their name derives from the Arabic bahman, "root," as each was considered a source of astrological power for one or more planets. Each is also connected with a gemstone and plant that would be used in rituals meant to draw the star's influence (e.g., into a talisman). When a planet was within six degrees of an associated star, this influence was thought to be particularly strong.

Contents

History

Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa discussed them in his Three Books of Occult Philosophy (Book II, chapters 47 & 52) as the Behenii (singular Behenius), describing their magical workings and sigils. He attributed these to Hermes Trismegistus, as was common with occult traditions in the Middle Ages. Their true origin remains unknown, though Sir Wallis Budge suspects a possible Sumerian source.

Table of Behenian stars

The following table uses symbols from a 1531 quarto edition of Agrippa, but other forms exist. Where the name used in old texts differs from the one in use today, the modern form is given first.

NameAstronomical designationLongitude
(2020) [1] [a]
PlanetGemstonePlantSymbol
Algol Caput LarvæBeta Persei26 Taurus 26 Saturn & Jupiter diamond black hellebore Agrippa Behenian star 01 Caput Algol.svg
Alcyone (or Pleiades)Eta Tauri00 Gemini 16 Moon & Mars rock crystal fennel Agrippa Behenian star 02 Pleiades.svg
Aldebaran AldaboramAlpha Tauri10 Gemini 04Mars & Venus ruby / garnet milk thistle Agrippa Behenian star 03 Aldebaram.svg
Capella Alhayhoch, HircusAlpha Aurigæ22 Gemini 08Jupiter & Saturn sapphire thyme Agrippa Behenian star 04 Hircus.svg
Sirius Canis major Alpha Canis Majoris14 Cancer 21Venus beryl juniper Agrippa Behenian star 05 Canis maior.svg
Procyon Canis minor Alpha Canis Minoris26 Cancer 03 Mercury & Mars agate water buttercup Agrippa Behenian star 06 Canis minor.svg
Regulus Cor leonisAlpha Leonis00 Virgo 06Jupiter & Marsgarnet mugwort Agrippa Behenian star 07 Cor leonis.svg
Alkaid Tail of the Great BearEta Ursae Majoris27 Virgo 12Venus & Moon magnet succory Agrippa Behenian star 08 Cauda ursae.svg
Algorab Corvi Delta Corvi13 Libra 43Saturn & Mars onyx burdock Agrippa Behenian star 09 Ala corui.svg
Spica Alpha Virginis24 Libra 06Venus & Mercury emerald sage Agrippa Behenian star 10 Spica.svg
Arcturus AlchamethAlpha Boötis24 Libra 30Mars & Jupiter jasper plantain Agrippa Behenian star 11 Alchameth.svg
Alphecca ElpheiaAlpha Coronæ Borealis12 Scorpio 34Venus & Mars topaz rosemary Agrippa Behenian star 12 Elpheia.svg
Antares Cor scorpiiAlpha Scorpii10 Sagittarius 01Venus & Jupiter sardonyx birthwort Agrippa Behenian star 13 Cor Scorpii.svg
Vega Vultur cadensAlpha Lyræ15 Capricorn 34Mercury & Venus chrysolite winter savory Agrippa Behenian star 14 Vultur cadens.svg
Deneb Algedi Cauda capricorniDelta Capricorni23 Aquarius 48Saturn & Mercury chalcedony marjoram Agrippa Behenian star 15 Cauda capricorni.svg

See also

References

Notes

  1. These locations are given in celestial longitude, the relatively fixed reference frame of tropical signs used in astrology. Due to the precession of the equinoxes the fixed stars appear to precess through space at the rate of ~1 degree of arc per 72 years. In order to fix the measurement to a specific date and degree of arc the values published are utilized for the year 2020. All celestial bodies, including stars and constellations, are measured according to various fixed frameworks, in this instance a geocentric tropical zodiac. Cf. Heliocentric model as a fixed framework and sidereal and tropical astrology to identify the measuring system used here. For example, "26 Taurus 10" means 26 degrees 10 minutes of the tropical sign Taurus. See ecliptic coordinate system for further information.

Citations

Works cited