Bertmainius tingle

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Bertmainius tingle
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Mygalomorphae
Family: Migidae
Genus: Bertmainius
Species:
B. tingle
Binomial name
Bertmainius tingle
(Main, 1991) [2] [3]
Synonyms

Moggridgea tingleMain, 1991

Bertmainius tingle, also called the tingle trapdoor spider, is a small basal spider endemic to the tingle and karri forest of southwestern Western Australia. [4] This migid family species of Bertmainius was first recorded in the 1990s.

Contents

Description

Bertmainius tingle is less than 10 millimetres long, the female carapace length is 2.6 - 3.1 mm. The carapace and legs are black and shiny. The Western Australian species of the family Migidae remained undiscovered until 1990 and were first described and named in the genus Moggridgea by Dr Barbara Main in 1991. [2] [5] [6] B. tingle was discovered by accident in a laboratory analysis of another arachnid and the bark in which it was living, the spider was noticed when it emerged as the sample was discarded. [7] The specific epithet is derived from the common name "tingle", the tree from which the bark was taken. [8]

It was moved to the new genus Bertmainius by Mark Harvey and colleagues in 2015, based on significant differences in morphology and molecular data. [8]

Distribution

The species is found at two sites in the Walpole-Nornalup National Park residing in the soil or the bark of the red tingle ( Eucalyptus jacksonii ). The spider's habitat is located within the tingle and karri ( Eucalyptus diversicolor ) forests of the Warren bioregion, a biodiversity hotspot containing other species of gondwanan heritage. [9] Other species of Bertmainius have since been described from south-western Australia. [8]

Ecology

Red tingle Red tingle.jpg
Red tingle

Bertmainius tingle live within the topsoil or in the fibrous bark of the red tingle, constructing nests of silk tubes. These tubes, up 20 mm long, have an opening at the surface of the bark or soil with a hinged 'trapdoor' cover made of moss, bark and the spider's silk. It is found in damp and shady locations. [8]

Bertmainius tingle is vulnerable to fire and habitat destruction associated with roads. Planning exists to reduce damage to the species habitat during fire management operations such as 'prescribed burns'. [10] It has a status of endangered under the EPBC Act and the WA Biodiversity Conservation Act due to destruction of habitat. [9] [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mygalomorphae</span> Infraorder of arachnids (spiders)

The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3,000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to their creation of trapdoors over their burrows. Other prominent groups include Australian funnel web spiders and tarantulas, with the latter accounting for around one third of all mygalomorphs.

<i>Missulena</i> Genus of spiders

Missulena is a genus of mygalomorph spiders in the family Actinopodidae. It was first described by Charles Walckenaer in 1805, and is a senior synonym of Eriodon. M. tussulena is found in Chile, but the rest are indigenous to Australia. They are sometimes referred to as "mouse spiders" from the now-disproven belief that they dig deep burrows similar to those of mice. Scotophaeus blackwalli is also called a "mouse spider", but it is smaller and not closely related.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Migidae</span> Family of spiders

Migidae, also known as tree trapdoor spiders, is a family of spiders with about 100 species in eleven genera. They are small to large spiders with little to no hair and build burrows with a trapdoor. Some species live in tree fern stems. They have a Gondwanan distribution, found almost exclusively on the Southern Hemisphere, occurring in South America, Africa, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia.

<i>Idiosoma</i> Genus of spiders

Idiosoma is a genus of Australian armoured trapdoor spiders that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. Originally placed with the Ctenizidae, it was moved to the armoured trapdoor spiders in 1985. The name is derived from the Greek ἴδιος, meaning "individual, unique", and σῶμα, meaning "body", referring to the distinctive structure of the abdomen.

Teyl is a genus of spiders in the family Anamidae. It is endemic to Australia. It is one of the genera that was placed in the former tribe Teylini. The type species is T. luculentus.

Bertmainius is a genus of spiders in the family Migidae. It was first described in 2015 by Mark Harvey, Barbara York Main, Michael Rix and Steven Cooper. As of 2017, it contains 7 species, all from Western Australia.

Moggridgea rainbowi, also called the Australian trapdoor spider, is a small spider endemic to Kangaroo Island in South Australia. The spider was first recorded in 1919.

Bertmainius colonus is a spider in the family Migidae. It was first described in 2015 by Mark Harvey, Barbara York Main, Michael Rix and Steven Cooper, and is endemic to south-western Australia.

Bertmainius monachus is a spider in the family Migidae. It was first described in 2015 by Mark Harvey, Barbara York Main, Michael Rix and Steven Cooper, and is endemic to south-western Australia.

Bertmainius mysticus is a spider in the family Migidae and genus Bertmainius. It was first described in 2015 by Mark Harvey, Barbara York Main, Michael Rix and Steven Cooper, and is endemic to south-western Australia.

Bertmainius opimus is a spider in the family Migidae and genus Bertmainius. It was first described in 2015 by Mark Harvey, Barbara York Main, Michael Rix and Steven Cooper, and is endemic to south-western Australia.

Bertmainius pandus is a spider in the family Migidae, and genus Bertmainius. It was first described in 2015 by Mark Harvey, Barbara York Main, Michael Rix and Steven Cooper, and is endemic to south-western Australia.

Bertmainius tumidus is a spider in the family Migidae. It was first described in 2015 by Mark Harvey, Barbara York Main, Michael Rix and Steven Cooper, and is endemic to South-western Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barbara York Main</span> Australian arachnologist and professor (1929–2019)

Barbara Anne York Main was an Australian arachnologist and adjunct professor at the University of Western Australia. The author of four books and over 90 research papers, Main is recognised for her prolific work in establishing taxonomy for arachnids, personally describing 34 species and seven new genera. The BBC and ABC produced a film about her work, Lady of the Spiders, in 1981.

<i>Gaius villosus</i> Species of spider

Gaius villosus is a species of spider in the family Idiopidae found in Western Australia in a variety of different habitats.

<i>Zephyrarchaea mainae</i> Species of spider

Zephyrarchaea mainae is a species of spider, informally known as Main's assassin spider, Albany assassin spider, and the Western archaeid spider. The first of the assassin spider family found in Western Australia, the species was unknown until its collection at Torndirrup National Park near Albany was published in 1987.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Avicularioidea</span> Clade of spiders

Avicularioidea is a clade of mygalomorph spiders, one of the two main clades into which mygalomorphs are divided. It has been treated at the rank of superfamily.

Arbanitis montanus is a species of armoured trap-door spider in the family Idiopidae, and is endemic to New South Wales.

Arbanitis melancholicus is a species of armoured trap-door spider in the family Idiopidae, and is endemic to New South Wales.

Cantuaria stewarti is a species of trapdoor spider endemic to New Zealand.

References

  1. 1 2 "Bertmainius tingle — Tingle Pygmy Trapdoor Spider". SPRAT. 2024. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  2. 1 2 Main, Barbara (1991). "Occurrence of the trapdoor spider genus Moggridgea in Australia with descriptions of two new species (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Migidae)". Journal of Natural History. 25 (25): 383–397. doi:10.1080/00222939100770271. ISSN   0022-2933. Abstract: The occurrence of the trapdoor spider genus Moggridgea (Migidae) in Australia is reported, and two new species described: M. tingle n. sp. from southwest Western Australia and M. australis n. sp. from Kangaroo Island, South Australia. This is the first record of the subfamily Paramiginae from Australia. The historical biogeographic implications are discussed.
  3. ↑ Framenau, Volker W. (12 July 2017). "Checklist of Australasian Spiders" (PDF). 1.38. Christchurch, New Zealand: Australasian Arachnological Society. p. 93. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  4. ↑ "1. Common Names: tingle trapdoor spider, Moggridea tingle Main". CES.CSIRO.au. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. 18 September 2004. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  5. ↑ "Species Bertmainius tingle (Main, 1991)". Australian Faunal Directory. Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. 5 August 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  6. ↑ Waldock, Julianne M. (December 2004). "Migidae in south-western West Australia (Araneae, Mygalomorphae)" (PDF). Australasian Arachnology (70). Welshpool, W. Australia: Australasian Arachnological Society: 5–6. ISSN   0811-3696. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  7. ↑ Madden, Catherine. "Rare spider found near Walpole". ScienceNetwork WA. Government of Western Australia. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Harvey, Mark S.; Main, Barbara York; Rix, Michael G.; Cooper, Steven J. B. (2015). "Refugia within refugia: in situ speciation and conservation of threatened Bertmainius (Araneae : Migidae), a new genus of relictual trapdoor spiders endemic to the mesic zone of south-western Australia". Invertebrate Systematics. 29 (6): 511. doi:10.1071/IS15024.
  9. 1 2 Danks, Alan (March 2004), South Coast Biodiversity: An Overview of Biodiversity Values, Threats and Conservation in the South Coast Region (PDF) (Draft ed.), Albany, W. Australia: Department of Conservation and Land Management, pp. 11, 21, archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2007, retrieved 10 December 2017– via SouthernNRMCouncil.com (Southern MidlandsNatural Resource Management Council, Tasmania)
  10. ↑ Burbidge, Andrew A (2004). "9. Invertebrates". Threatened animals of Western Australia. Department of Conservation and Land Management. p. 160. ISBN   0-7307-5549-5. The Department of Conservation and Land Management has developed a fire response plan to ensure that the spider's habitat is not damaged by fire-fighting operations.
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