Bigeye grunt | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Acanthuriformes |
Family: | Haemulidae |
Subfamily: | Haemulinae |
Genus: | Brachydeuterus T. N. Gill, 1862 |
Species: | B. auritus |
Binomial name | |
Brachydeuterus auritus (Valenciennes, 1832) | |
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Range of Brachydeuterus auritus | |
Synonyms [2] [3] | |
Genus
Species
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The bigeye grunt (Brachydeuterus auritus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is native to the Atlantic coast of Africa.
The bigeye grunt has an oblong, somewhat compressed body with a large eye, a snoutwhich is shorter than the diameter of its eye and a large, protrusible mouth chin. It has a deeply notched dorsal fin which contains 10-13 spines, with the 3rd spine (also occasionally the 4th) being the longest. The anal fin has 3 spines and 9-10, infrequently 8, soft rays. The caudal fin is deeply emarginate. The back is olive and the flanks and abdomen are silvery to white. There is a dark blotch on upper edge of the gill cover and there are small dark spots on the base of the dorsal fin, although these are not always present. [4] This species attains a maximum total length of 30 cm (12 in), although 23 cm (9.1 in) is more typical. [2]
The bigeye grunt is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean where it occurs along the western coast of Africa from Morocco to Angola, although it is most common from Senegal south. [1]
The bigeye grunt is found at depths between 10 and 150 m (33 and 492 ft). [1] It can be found on Sandy and muddy substrates, moving up the water column to feed near the surface during the night. It feeds on small fish and invertebrates. [5] This species may spawn throughout the year, becoming sexually mature at around 8 months old for males and 12 months for females, but there may be two peaks in spawning coinciding with the timing of upwellings. [1]
The bigeye grunt was first formally described in 1832 as Larimus auritus by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes 1794-1865) with the type locality given as Gorée in Senegal. [6] It is the only species in the monotypic genus Brachydeuterus. [7] The generic name is a compound of brachy meaning “short” and deuterus meaning “second”, a reference to the lower Sony rayed part of the dorsal fin which is almost separated from the anterior spiny part by a deep notch. The specific name auritus means “eared” and is areference to the blotch on the gill cover. [8]
The bigeye grunt is commercially important in many parts of West Africa, [1] especially Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire. They are caught using bottom trawls, gill nets, set nets and push seines. They are sold fresh, smoked it processed into fish meal. [4] it has also been used to make dish crackers when its flesh is mixed with cassava. [1]
The Caesar grunt, also known as the black grunt, blacktail grunt, or redmouth grunt is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt in the family Haemulidae. It is native to the western Atlantic Ocean.
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Caesio suevica, the Suez fusilier, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a fusilier belonging to the family Caesionidae. It is endemic to the Red Sea.
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Conodon nobilis, the barred grunt, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean where it is a target species for some commercial fisheries.
Pomadasys argenteus, the silver grunt, silver javelin, grunter bream, small-spotted grunter-bream, small-spotted javelin fish, trumpeter or white-finned javelin fish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt from the family Haemulidae. This species has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution. It is the type species of the genus Pomadasys.
The African striped grunt is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.
The rubberlip grunt is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean.
The African forktail snapper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.