Business ethics is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics, that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations. These ethics originate from individuals, organizational statements or from the legal system. These norms, values, ethical, and unethical practices are the principles that guide a business. They help those businesses maintain a better connection with their stakeholders.
Business is the activity of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products. Simply put, it is "any activity or enterprise entered into for profit. It does not mean it is a company, a corporation, partnership, or have any such formal organization, but it can range from a street peddler to General Motors."
A nonprofit organization, also known as a non-business entity, not-for-profit organization, or nonprofit institution, is dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a shared point of view. In economic terms, it is an organization that uses its surplus of the revenues to further achieve its ultimate objective, rather than distributing its income to the organization's shareholders, leaders, or members. Nonprofits are tax exempt or charitable, meaning they do not pay income tax on the money that they receive for their organization. They can operate in religious, scientific, research, or educational settings.
Novell, Inc. was a software and services company headquartered in Provo, Utah. Its most significant product was the multi-platform network operating system known as Novell NetWare, which became the dominant form of personal computer networking during the second half of the 1980s and first half of the 1990s. Novell technology contributed to the emergence of local area networks, which displaced the dominant mainframe computing model and changed computing worldwide. Novell became instrumental in making Utah Valley a focus for technology and software development.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a type of international private business self-regulation that aims to contribute to societal goals of a philanthropic, activist, or charitable nature or by engage in or support volunteering or ethically-oriented practices. While once it was possible to describe CSR as an internal organisational policy or a corporate ethic strategy, that time has passed as various international laws have been developed and various organisations have used their authority to push it beyond individual or even industry-wide initiatives. While it has been considered a form of corporate self-regulation for some time, over the last decade or so it has moved considerably from voluntary decisions at the level of individual organisations, to mandatory schemes at regional, national and international levels.
A payroll is a company's list of its employees, but the term is commonly used to refer to:
Abbott Laboratories is an American medical devices company with headquarters in Abbott Park, Illinois, United States. The company was founded by Chicago physician Wallace Calvin Abbott in 1888 to formulate known drugs; today, it sells medical devices, diagnostics, branded generic medicines and nutritional products. It split off the research-based pharmaceuticals into AbbVie in 2013.
Bridgewater Associates is an American investment management firm founded by Ray Dalio in 1975. The firm serves institutional clients including pension funds, endowments, foundations, foreign governments, and central banks.
Perrigo Company plc is an Irish–registered manufacturer of private label over-the-counter pharmaceuticals, and while 70% of Perrigo's net sales are from the U.S. healthcare system, Perrigo is legally headquartered in Ireland for tax purposes, which accounts for 0.60% of net sales. In 2013, Perrigo completed the 6th-largest U.S. corporate tax inversion in history when it reregistered its tax status to Ireland to avoid U.S. corporate taxes.
Thomson Reuters Corporation is a Canadian multinational media conglomerate. The company was founded in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, where it is headquartered at 333 Bay Street.
Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox P.L.L.C., is a law firm specializing in the protection, transfer and enforcement of intellectual property rights. Since its founding in 1978 with only two attorneys and a handful of employees, Sterne Kessler has grown to become the 4th largest IP specialty law firm in the United States. The firm, based in Washington, DC, currently employs over 170 patent attorneys, agents, and technical specialists representing a broad range of entities, including emerging and established companies, venture capital firms, universities and select individuals. Attorneys represent clients such as Adidas, Google, Apple, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AbbVie, and The University of Maryland in many areas, including patent prosecution, litigation and appeals, and reexamination.
Datacert is now owned by ELM Solutions, a computer software company that provides enterprise legal management software and services designed for law departments. In turn, ELM Solutions is a component of Wolters Kluwer, a global information services company.
Métier, Limited is a project portfolio management (PPM) company founded in 1998. Métier develops project portfolio management (PPM) software. The company is headquartered in Healdsburg, California.
Wave is a company that provides a suite of financial services and online software for small businesses. Wave is headquartered in the Leslieville neighbourhood in Toronto, Canada. The company manages more than $244 billion in income and expense transactions for its customers, including $16 billion in annual invoicing.
Blackboard Inc. is an educational technology company with corporate headquarters in Washington, D.C.. It is known for Blackboard Learn, a learning management system.
Horizon Therapeutics plc is an Irish–tax registered pharmaceutical company that acquires, rebrands, repackages, and reprices specialist drugs for sale into the U.S. healthcare system, which represented 97% of Horizon's 2017 worldwide sales. In 2014 Horizon executed a tax inversion to move its legal headquarters to Ireland to avail of Ireland's low tax rates and beneficial corporate tax system. On May 2, 2019 shareholders of the company approved the change of the company's name to Horizon Therapeutics plc.
Dutch Sandwich is a base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) corporate tax tool, used mostly by U.S. multinationals to avoid incurring EU withholding taxes on untaxed profits as they were being moved to non-EU tax havens. These untaxed profits could have originated from within the EU, or from outside the EU, but in most cases were routed to major EU corporate-focused tax havens, such as Ireland and Luxembourg, by the use of other BEPS tools. The Dutch Sandwich was often used with Irish BEPS tools such as the Double Irish, the Single Malt and the Capital Allowances for Intangible Assets ("CAIA") tools. In 2010, Ireland changed its tax-code to enable Irish BEPS tools to avoid such withholding taxes without needing a Dutch Sandwich.
