Bolboparia

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Bolboparia
Temporal range: Botomian (Olenellus-zone)
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Bolboparia superba cephalon dorsal+oblique linedrawing.jpg
Bolboparia superba,
top cephalon dorsal view,
bottom cephalon oblique view
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Trilobita
Order: Agnostida
Family: Weymouthiidae
Genus:Bolboparia
Rasetti, 1966
species
  • B. superbaRasetti, 1966 (Type)
  • B. canadensisRasetti, 1966
  • B. elongataRasetti, 1966

Bolboparia is an extinct genus of eodiscinid agnostid trilobites. It lived during the late Lower Cambrian in what today Canada and the United States.

A genus is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

Eodiscina suborder of arthropods (fossil)

Eodiscina is a suborder of trilobites, a well known group of marine arthropods. The Eodiscina first developed near the end of the Lower Cambrian period and became extinct at the end of the Middle Cambrian. They are small or very small, and have a thorax of two or three segments. Eodiscina includes six families classified under one superfamily, Eodiscoidea.

Trilobite class of arthropods (fossil)

Trilobites are a group of extinct marine arachnomorph arthropods that form the class Trilobita. Trilobites form one of the earliest-known groups of arthropods. The first appearance of trilobites in the fossil record defines the base of the Atdabanian stage of the Early Cambrian period, and they flourished throughout the lower Paleozoic era before beginning a drawn-out decline to extinction when, during the Devonian, all trilobite orders except the Proetids died out. Trilobites disappeared in the mass extinction at the end of the Permian about 252 million years ago. The trilobites were among the most successful of all early animals, existing in oceans for over 300 million years.

Contents

Taxonomy

A cladogram showing the relationship between several species of the genera Acidiscus, Bolboparia and Stigmadiscus Stigmadiscus cladogram.png
A cladogram showing the relationship between several species of the genera Acidiscus, Bolboparia and Stigmadiscus

Bolboparia is most closely related to Acidiscus and slightly more distantly to Stigmadiscus .

<i>Acidiscus</i>

Acidiscus is an extinct genus of eodiscinid agnostid trilobites. It lived during the Botomian stage of the Cambrian period.

Stigmadiscus is an extinct genus of eodiscinid agnostid trilobites. It lived during the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago, during the Cambrian Period.

Description

Like all Agnostida, Bolboparia is diminutive and the headshield (or cephalon) and tailshield (or pygidium) are of approximately the same size (or isopygous) and outline. Like all Weymouthiidae, Bolboparia lacks eyes and rupture lines (or sutures). The short, downsloping glabella and the bulging cheeks give it a very peculiar aspect. [3]

Pygidium

The pygidium is the posterior body part or shield of crustaceans and some other arthropods, such as insects and the extinct trilobites. It contains the anus and, in females, the ovipositor. It is composed of fused body segments, sometimes with a tail, and separated from thoracic segments by an articulation.

Distribution

Related Research Articles

Agnostida order of arthropods (fossil)

Agnostida is an order of arthropod which first developed near the end of the Early Cambrian period and thrived during the Middle Cambrian. They are present in the Lower Cambrian fossil record along with trilobites from the Redlichiida, Corynexochida, and Ptychopariida orders. The last agnostids went extinct in the Late Ordovician.

<i>Nevadia</i> genus of trilobites (fossil)

Nevadia is an extinct genus of trilobites, fossil marine arthropods, with species of average size. It lived during the Atdabanian stage, which lasted from 530 to 524 million years ago, in what are today Western Canada, the Western United States, and Mexico.

<i>Acimetopus</i>

Acimetopus is a genus of trilobites that lived during the Botomian stage.

<i>Analox</i>

Analox is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Botomian stage. It can easily be distinguished from other trilobites by the two furrows that extend forwards and sidewards from the front of the glabella.

<i>Bathydiscus</i>

Bathydiscus is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Botomian stage.

Eoagnostus is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the terminal Lower Cambrian (Toyonian), until the earliest Middle Cambrian.

<i>Ninadiscus</i>

Ninadiscus is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Botomian.

<i>Tsunyidiscus</i> genus of trilobites

Tsunyidiscus is a genus of eodiscinid agnostid trilobites. Tsunyidiscus occurs near the end of the Lower Cambrian, during the late Atdabanian stage period and some collections suggest it may have survived into the Botomian. They are very small, have eyes, and equal sized head and tail shields, with a narrow dome-shaped glabella and a narrow bullet-shape pygidial axis. It has a thorax of three segments. Tsunyidiscus is the only genus currently attributed to the family Tsunyidiscidae.

<i>Pagetia</i> genus of trilobites

Pagetia is a genus of very small, agnostid trilobites, assigned to the family Eodiscidae, and that had a global distribution during the Middle Cambrian. The genus contains 55 currently recognized species, each with a limited spatial and temporal distribution.

Acmarhachis is a genus of trilobite in the order Agnostida, which lived in what are now Australia, Canada, China (Anhui), Kazakhstan, Russia (Kharaulakh), and the US. It was described by Resser in 1938, and the type species is Acmarhachis typicalis.

<i>Phalagnostus</i> genus of trilobites (fossil)

Phalagnostus is a genus of small trilobites, in the order Agnostida. It lived during the Middle Cambrian, in what are now Canada, China, the Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, the Russian Federation, Wales, Sweden, and possibly the United States (Vermont). The headshield is almost entirely effaced and wider than the tailshield. The pygidium is also very effaced, but the ovate pygidial axis is well defined and a border furrow is also present.

<i>Lejopyge laevigata</i> species of trilobite (fossil)

Lejopyge laevigata is a species of agnostid trilobite belonging to the genus Lejopyge. It existed during the Guzhangian to the Paibian Age of the Cambrian. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and is an important index fossil in biostratigraphy.

<i>Thoracocare</i>

Thoracocare is a minute to very small trilobite, that lived during part of the Middle Cambrian in what are today the states of Idaho, Nevada and Utah. It is the only trilobite known with just two thorax segments outside most members of the Agnostida order. It can be distinguished from Agnostida by the very wide subquadrate glabella, parallel-side or widening forward in the largest specimen, with the full front side touching the border. Two species are known, one, T. idahoensis, only from pygidia.

<i>Pleuroctenium</i> genus of trilobites (fossil)

Pleuroctenium is a genus of very small agnostid trilobites whose fossils are found in Middle Cambrian-aged marine strata of Canada, Czech Republic, England and Wales, France, and Sweden. Species of Pleuroctenium can be easily distinguished from all other agnostids because the frontal lobe of the central raised area of the headshield is wider than and folds around the rear lobe.

<i>Condylopyge</i> genus of arthropods (fossil)

Condylopyge is a genus of very small trilobites, that lived during the latest Early and the early Middle Cambrian, in what are today Canada, Czech Republic, England and Wales, France, Germany, Italy, Morocco, the Russian Federation, Spain, Turkey and Sweden. It can easily be distinguished from all other Agnostida because the frontal lobe of the central raised area of the headshield is wider than the rear lobe. It looks like Pleuroctenium but the frontal glabellar lobe does not fold around the rear lobe, as it does in Pleuroctenium.

<i>Toragnostus</i> genus of arthropods (fossil)

Toragnostus is a genus of trilobites restricted to the late Middle Cambrian. Its remains have been found in the United States, Greenland, Denmark, China, Sweden, the Russian Federation, and Kazakhstan. Its headshield and tailshield are almost completely effaced and it has two thorax segments.

Tannudiscus is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the upper Lower Cambrian, with remains found in Canada (Newfoundland), China (Gansu), The United Kingdom (England), and the Russian Federation.

<i>Serrodiscus</i>

Serrodiscus is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It has been collected from the Lower Cambrian of Canada, Germany (Silesia), Poland, Russia, the United Kingdom (Wales) and the United States. It is named for the spines on the ventral side of the tailshield (or pygidium, which give it a serrated impression.

References

  1. ↑ Westrop, S.R.; Landing, E. (2011). "Lower Cambrian (Branchian) eodiscoid trilobites from the lower Brigus Formation, Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 42: 209–262.
  2. ↑ Cotton TJ, Fortey RJ (2005). "5. Comparative morphology and relationships of the Agnostida". In Koenemann S, Jenner R. Crustacean Issues 16, Crustacea and Arthropod Relationships. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  3. 1 2 Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology: Arthropoda 1: Trilobita, revised. Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida / H.B. Whittington [and others]. Geolological Society of America. 1997.
  4. ↑ Paleobiology Database. "East Chatham Quad, unnamed fm., NY (Cambrian of the United States) (trilobite)" . Retrieved 19 December 2012.
  5. ↑ Rasetti, Franco (1966). "New Lower Cambrian trilobite faunule from the Taconic sequence of New York". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 148 (9): 1–52.


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