Brick House Ruin | |
Nearest city | Edisto Island, South Carolina |
---|---|
Coordinates | 32°36′5.3″N80°19′31.5″W / 32.601472°N 80.325417°W |
Area | 0.3 acres (0.12 ha) |
Built | 1725 |
Architectural style | American colonial with French Huguenot influence [1] |
NRHP reference No. | 70000580 [2] |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | April 15, 1970 [1] [2] |
Designated NHL | April 15, 1970 [1] |
The Paul Hamilton House, commonly referred to as the Brick House Ruins, is the ruin of a 1725 plantation house on Edisto Island, South Carolina, that burned in 1929. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970 for the unusual architecture of the surviving walls, which is partly based on French Huguenot architecture of the period. [3]
The house was constructed about 1725 for Paul Hamilton, a wealthy South Carolina planter, on Edisto Island, one of the Sea Islands in what was then the Province of South Carolina. [1]
The two-story house was constructed with exterior walls of brick imported from Boston, such brick being harder and denser than the local kind. The interior of the home was primarily constructed of locally produced lumber which had been aged seven years. Construction also utilized local gravel and sand brought to the site from the Pon Pon. [4]
Its architectural design is in keeping with American colonial architecture but exhibits French Huguenot influence. [1] Possibly a simplified copy of the c. 1675 Chateau de la Haye d'Esquermes [5] [ circular reference ] near Loos les Lille, France, evidence of the French influence in its architecture is seen through many stucco enrichments to the exterior and its high-pitched roof. [4]
It served as the plantation house for a 300-acre (120 ha) plantation. [1] The estate was acquired in 1798 by the Jenkins family which maintains ownership to this day.
In 1929 the house caught fire, with its wooden portion largely reduced to ashes and only its brick walls with stuccoed quoins and trim remaining. [3] Until that time, it had not been significantly altered.
The ruin was recorded photographically as part of the Historic American Buildings Survey of the National Park Service cataloged at the Library of Congress in both 1936 and 1939. [3] [6]
It was declared a National Historic Landmark and added to the National Register of Historic Places on 15 April 1970. [1]
The South Carolina Department of Archives and History published a summary of the site as a part of South Carolina history. [4] They describe it as an artifact of important early French influence in the Carolinas, considered a "stately and picturesque ruin in its own right." They cite the architecture of the outer walls as being "unique in this country." [4]
Following the fire of 1929, some stabilization was performed. Metal supports were used to brace some openings, but their expansion over time has actually damaged some of the material. In addition, the two chimneys (shown in the main photo above) had their top portions removed to prevent damaging the walls in case of collapse. In February 2013, the National Park Service considered the ruins to be in "emergency" condition due to the major cracks and deformation of the south wall. [7] In 2018, the structure was stabilized. Preservation efforts are ongoing. [8]
Edisto Island is one of South Carolina's Sea Islands, the larger part of which lies in Charleston County, with its southern tip in Colleton County. Edisto Beach is in Colleton County, and the Charleston County part of the island is unincorporated.
Drayton Hall is an 18th-century plantation house located on the Ashley River about 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Charleston, South Carolina, and directly across the Ashley River from North Charleston, west of the Ashley in the Lowcountry. An example of Palladian architecture in North America and the only plantation house on the Ashley River to survive intact through both the Revolutionary and Civil wars, it is a National Historic Landmark.
Hanover House is a colonial house built by a French Huguenot family in 1714–1716, on the upper Cooper River in present-day Berkeley County of the South Carolina Low Country. The house is also known as the St. Julien-Ravenel House after its early owners.
Hampton Plantation, also known as Hampton Plantation House and Hampton Plantation State Historic Site, is a historic plantation, now a state historic site, north of McClellanville, South Carolina. The plantation was established in 1735, and its main house exhibits one of the earliest known examples in the United States of a temple front in domestic architecture. It is also one of the state's finest examples of a wood frame Georgian plantation house. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970.
The Huguenot Church, also called the French Huguenot Church or the French Protestant Church, is a Gothic Revival church located at 136 Church Street in Charleston, South Carolina. Built in 1844 and designed by architect Edward Brickell White, it is the oldest Gothic Revival church in South Carolina, and has been designated a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The congregation it serves traces its origins to the 1680s, and is the only independent Huguenot church in the United States.
Middleburg Plantation is a historic colonial-era plantation on the Cooper River near Huger, South Carolina. The plantation house, built in 1697 by the French Huguenot Benjamin Simons, is probably the oldest standing wood-frame building in South Carolina, and is consequently an architecturally important example of period construction. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970.
Frogmore is an unincorporated community on St. Helena Island in Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States, along U.S. Route 21.
Ashley River Historic District is a historic district located west of the Ashley in the South Carolina Lowcountry in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. The Historic District includes land from five municipalities, almost equally split between Charleston and Dorchester counties. The district includes dry land, swamps, and marshes of the Rantowles Creek and Stono Swamp watershed.
The Fenwick Hall, which is also known as Fenwick Castle, is a plantation house built about 1730 on Johns Island, South Carolina, across the Stono River from James Island and Charleston. It is located between River Road and Penneys Creek. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1972.
Botany Bay Heritage Preserve & Wildlife Management Area is a state preserve on Edisto Island, South Carolina. Botany Bay Plantation was formed in the 1930s from the merger of the Colonial-era Sea Cloud Plantation and Bleak Hall Plantation. In 1977, it was bequeathed to the state as a wildlife preserve; it was opened to the public in 2008. The preserve includes a number of registered historic sites, including two listed in the National Register of Historic Places: a set of three surviving 1840s outbuildings from Bleak Hall Plantation, and the prehistoric Fig Island shell rings.
The Sword Gate House is a historic house in Charleston, South Carolina. Built in stages, the main portion of the house is believed to have been built around 1803, possibly by French Huguenots James LaRoche and J. Lardent. The house replaced a simpler house that was shown on a plat in 1803.
The Hutchinson House is the oldest identified house on Edisto Island, South Carolina associated with the black community after the American Civil War. It was the residence of Henry Hutchinson, a freedman who was a noteworthy post-war Sea Island Cotton planter.
Prospect Hill is an historic plantation house on Edisto Island, South Carolina. The two-story Federal house is significant for its architecture and ties to the production of sea island cotton. Constructed about 1800 for Ephraim Baynard, it sits on a bluff overlooking the South Edisto River. In 1860, William Grimball Baynard owned Prospect Hill. Baynard was an elder in the Edisto Island Presbyterian Church, a Justice of the Peace, a Justice of the Quorum, and the owner of 220 slaves. When Baynard died in 1861, his son William G. Baynard acquired the house. The house was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on 28 November 1986.
Cassina Point was built in 1847 for Carolina Lafayette Seabrook and her husband, James Hopkinson. Carolina Seabrook was the daughter of wealthy Edisto Island planter William Seabrook. William Seabrook had hosted the General Lafayette in 1825 at his nearby home at the time of Carolina's birth. Seabrook gave Lafayette the honor of naming the newborn child, and the general selected Carolina and Lafayette. When Carolina Seabrook married James Hopkinson, they built Cassina Point on the land given to them by William Seabrook.
Peters Point Plantation is a historic structure located on Edisto Island, South Carolina. It was built by Isaac Jenkins Mikell in 1840 at the intersection of St. Pierre's Creek and Fishing Creek. It is located on the site General Lafayette used as a departure point from Edisto Island in 1826 during his southern tour.
Seaside Plantation House, also known as Locksley Hall, is a historic plantation house located at Edisto Island, Colleton County, South Carolina. It was built about 1810, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, Federal style brick dwelling with a gable roof. The house is one room deep with a long porch across the southeast elevation and sits on a raised basement. The central portion of the house is stuccoed brick with frame additions on the first floor.
Middleton's Plantation, also known as Chisolm's Plantation and The Launch, is a historic plantation house located near Edisto Island, Charleston County, South Carolina. It was built about 1830, and is a two-story wooden house, with one-room wings. It sits on a raised arcaded brick basement. It features a small Tuscan order colonnaded porch on the land side facade and a recessed, full width, Tuscan order colonnaded porch on the water side. It was the home of Oliver Hering Middleton, son of Governor Henry Middleton of Middleton Place.
Barnwell House, also known as Prospect Hill Plantation, is a historic home located at Adams Run, Charleston County, South Carolina. It consists of the front or main portion dating from 1878 and the rear section from early to mid-19th century. The main part is a 2+1⁄2-story building, with a stuccoed brick first story and weatherboarded upper story. The front façade features a one-story portico with a bell cast hip roof supported by two solid Doric order fluted columns. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Hephzibah Jenkins Townsend's Tabby Oven Ruins is a historic archaeological site located at Edisto Island, Charleston County, South Carolina. The remains represent what was essentially a commercial bakery.
Sunnyside, also known as the Townsend Mikell House, is a historic plantation house located at Edisto Island, Charleston County, South Carolina. The main house was built about 1875, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, rectangular, frame, weatherboard-clad residence. It features a mansard roof topped by a cupola and one-story, hipped roof wraparound porch. Also on the property are the tabby foundation of a cotton gin; two small, rectangular, one-story, gable roof, weatherboard-clad outbuildings; a 1+1⁄2-story barn; and the Sunnyside Plantation Foreman's House. The Foreman's House is a two-story, weatherboard-clad, frame residence built about 1867.