| C1orf159 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Aliases | C1orf159 , chromosome 1 open reading frame 159 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | MGI: 2444364; HomoloGene: 51678; GeneCards: C1orf159; OMA:C1orf159 - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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C1orf159 is a protein that in human is encoded by the C1orf159 gene located on chromosome 1. [5] [6] This gene is also found to be an unfavorable prognosis marker for renal and liver cancer, and a favorable prognosis marker for urothelial cancer. [7]
The Homo sapiensC1orf159 gene (UniProt ID: Q96HA4) is a gene located on the short arm of chromosome 1 at locus 1p36.33. [6] The gene is 34,247 base pairs in length, located at Chromosome 1 position 1,081,818 to 1,116,089 on the reverse strand. [8]
The longest variant of human C1orf159 gene encodes an mRNA that is 2,432 nucleotides in length with 12 exons. [9] A promoter region was predicted using UCSC Genome Browser, [10] which is 762 nucleotides long, including a 434 nucleotide upstream of the transcriptional start site, exon 1, and a 298 nucleotide region of intron 1.[ citation needed ]
Alternative splicing of the gene creates 5 protein isoforms. [5] The longest isoform is 380 amino acids in length with a molecular mass of 40.382 kDa. [5]
| Isoform | UniProt [11] ID | Length (aa) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Q96HA4-1 | 380 |
| 2 | Q96HA4-2 | 185 |
| 3 | Q96HA4-3 | 189 |
| 4 | Q96HA4-4 | 198 |
| 5 | Q96HA4-5 | 254 |
C1orf159 protein is a proline- and arginine-rich, and a lysine- and glutamic acid- poor protein. The isoelectric point of the human C1orf159 protein is 10.07, [12] which is more basic than the average human proteomic protein pI of 7.36. [13]
The human C1orf159 protein contains a domain of unknown function DUF4501. [5] Although the exact function of the domain is not clear, it is thought to be a single pass-membrane protein with highly conserved cysteine residues.[ citation needed ]
The protein also contains a transmembrane domain at positions 144-169 [11] and a signal peptide at positions 1-18. [9] [11]
Alphafold predicts the structure of human C1orf159 protein to be mainly composed of alpha-helices. [14]
The predicted post-translational modifications of the C1orf159 protein includes N-linked glycosylation on asparagine at positions 104, 111, and 128. [5] [15]
Orthologs of human C1orf159 are found in vertebrates including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish [16] with the most distantly related group of organisms being cartilaginous fish, with a date of divergence of approximately 450 million years ago. [17] Orthologs are not found in jawless fish or invertebrates. [16]
When compared with the evolution rate with cytochrome c and fibrinogen alpha, the C1orf159 protein has a similar evolutionary rate of change to the fast-evolving fibrinogen alpha protein, C1orf159 protein has a relatively fast evolution rate.[ citation needed ]
The Human Protein Atlas shows that C1orf159 is an unfavorable prognosis marker for renal and liver cancer, and a favorable prognosis marker for urothelial cancer, indicating that a high expression of C1orf159 is associated with a lower survival probability for patients with renal and liver cancer, and is associated with a higher survival probability for patients with urothelial cancer. [7]
