Caladenia cardiochila

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Thick-lipped spider-orchid
Caladenia cardiochila.jpg
Caladenia cardiochila near Anglesea
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Caladenia
Species:
C. cardiochila
Binomial name
Caladenia cardiochila
Synonyms [1]
  • Caladenia tessellata Fitzg.
  • Arachnorchis cardiochila (Tate) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem
  • Phlebochilus cardiochila (Tate) Szlach.

Caladenia cardiochila, commonly known as thick-lipped spider-orchid, fleshy-lipped caladenia and heartlip spider-orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Victoria and South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and one or two yellowish-green, red-striped flowers on a thin, wiry stem.

Contents

Description

Caladenia cardiochila is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single, sparsely hairy, linear to lance-shaped leaf, 4–11 cm (2–4 in) long and 3–10 mm (0.1–0.4 in) wide. [2] [3] [4]

There are one or two flowers borne on a slender, wiry, sparsely hairy spike 10–30 cm (4–10 in) high. The sepals and petals are yellowish to greenish pink with a central red streak but are sometimes all red. The dorsal sepal is linear to lance-shaped, erect or curved forward, 15–30 mm (0.6–1 in) long and about 3 mm (0.1 in) wide. The lateral sepals are about the same length as the dorsal sepal but much wider, especially near the middle and are parallel to each other or sometimes crossed. The petals are about the same length as the lateral sepals but much narrower and spreading or curve downwards. The labellum is yellowish-green to cream-coloured with red markings and a dark maroon or dark brown near the tip. It is heart-shaped to broadly egg-shaped, 10–20 mm (0.4–0.8 in) long, 8–15 mm (0.3–0.6 in) wide, flat with the sides curving up slightly and the tip curving downwards. There are no teeth on the sides of the labellum but there are two or four rows of thick, club-shaped calli in the lower central part but not extending towards the tip. Flowering occurs from August to November. [2] [3] [4]

This caladenia is similar to C. tessellata but differs from it in having generally larger flowers lacking teeth on the edge of the labellum and calli not extending to its tip. Some individual plants are intermediate in form, suggesting the species are not completely distinct or are possibly hybrids of the two. [2]

Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia cardiochila was first formally described by Ralph Tate in 1887 and the description was published in Transactions, proceedings and report, Royal Society of South Australia from a specimen collected near Golden Grove. [1] [5] The specific epithet (cardiochila) is derived from the Ancient Greek words kardia meaning "heart" [6] :402 and cheilos meaning "lip". [6] :200

Distribution and habitat

This caladenia grow singly or in small groups in sandy soils in mallee heath, scrub or forest in western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia. [2] [3] There is a single record from the northern part of Flinders Island in 1947 but it is now considered to be extinct there. [7]

Related Research Articles

<i>Caladenia integra</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia integra, commonly known as the smooth-lipped spider orchid is a species of plant in the orchid family, Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It can be distinguished by its distinctive smooth-edged labellum and its upswept lateral sepals.

<i>Caladenia plicata</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia plicata, commonly known as the crab-lipped spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single hairy leaf and one or two red, yellow and pale green flowers with an unusual labellum which vibrates in the slightest breeze.

<i>Caladenia australis</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia australis, commonly known as southern spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Victoria, although it was also found on one Bass Strait island on one occasion in 1968. It has a single hairy leaf and usually only one creamy-yellow flower with red streaks, the flower on a hairy stalk.

<i>Caladenia caudata</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia caudata, commonly known as tailed spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and up to four red, or yellow and red flowers with dark red to almost black tips.

<i>Caladenia clavigera</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia clavigera, commonly known as plain-lip spider orchid or clubbed spider orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a ground orchid which grows as scattered individuals or in small colonies in Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia. It has a single leaf and one or two small yellowish-green and red flowers.

<i>Caladenia conferta</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia conferta, commonly known as the crowded spider orchid or coast spider-orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to a restricted area in South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf, and usually a single yellowish-green flower with red markings on a wiry, hairy stalk.

<i>Caladenia echidnachila</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia echidnachila, commonly known as the fawn spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a ground orchid with a single, hairy leaf and one or two fawn-coloured flowers with thin red lines on the sepals and petals.

<i>Caladenia gladiolata</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia gladiolata, commonly known as small bayonet spider orchid, smelly socks or simply bayonet orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and one or two yellowish or brownish flowers with red stripes and unusual tips on the sepals and petals.

Caladenia helvina, commonly known as the summer spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and usually a single greenish-yellow to pale yellow flower with reddish teeth on the sides of the labellum and reddish calli along its mid-line.

<i>Caladenia infundibularis</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia infundibularis, commonly known as the funnel-web spider orchid is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single hairy leaf and up to three greenish-yellow flowers which have a red-tipped labellum.

Caladenia macroclavia, commonly known as the large-club spider orchid, or brown bayonets, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and a single green to yellowish-green flower with dark red central stripes. It is a rare species and in 2006 the total population was estimated to be between 35 and 80 mature plants.

Caladenia necrophylla, commonly known as late green-comb spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to South Australia. It has a single leaf and a single yellowish-green flower with red lines along the sepals and petals. It is unusual in that the leaf has completely withered before the flower opens, and sometimes even before the flower spike appears.

<i>Caladenia pendens <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> talbotii</i> Subspecies of orchid

Caladenia pendens subsp. talbotii, commonly known as Talbot's spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single hairy leaf and one or two white, red and yellow flowers with long drooping petals and sepals and sometimes has a citrus-like scent.

<i>Caladenia phaeoclavia</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia phaeoclavia, commonly known as the brown-clubbed spider orchid is a species of orchid endemic to New South Wales. It has a single, hairy leaf and a single light to dark green flower with red stripes and thick, brownish club-like tips on the sepals.

Caladenia richardsiorum, commonly known as the little dip spider orchid, Richards' spider orchid or robe spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single erect, hairy leaf and usually only one yellowish-green flower. It is similar to the endangered Mellblom's spider orchid but has a much larger leaf and the petals lack glandular tips.

<i>Caladenia septuosa</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia septuosa, commonly known as the Koppio spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single erect, sparsely hairy leaf and usually only one greenish-cream flower with red stripes along the sepals and petals.

<i>Caladenia tessellata</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia tessellata, commonly known as the thick-lip spider-orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and one or two yellowish-green flowers with dark red markings.

Caladenia stellata, commonly known as the starry spider orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single, hairy leaf and usually only one greenish-cream flower with red markings.

<i>Caladenia thinicola</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia thinicola, commonly known as the Scott River spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single erect, hairy leaf and up to four yellowish-green and red flowers with a fringe of long teeth on the sides of the labellum and thick brown, club-like glandular tips on the sepals.

<i>Caladenia toxochila</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia toxochila, commonly known as the bow-lip spider orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single, sparsely hairy leaf and one or two yellowish-green flowers with red stripes. It occurs in Victoria and South Australia and resembles the related Caladenia concinna from New South Wales.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Caladenia cardiochila". APNI. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Jeanes, Jeff. "Caladenia cardiochila". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: vicflora. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 "Caladenia cardiochila". State Herbarium of South Australia: eflora SA. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  4. 1 2 "Caladenia cardiochila" (PDF). Government of Tasmania Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  5. Tate, Ralph (1887). "Definitions of four new species of Australian plants". Transactions, proceedings and report, Royal Society of South Australia. 9: 60–61. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  6. 1 2 Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  7. "Species Management Profile Caladenia cardiochila heartlip spider-orchid". Government of Tasmania Department of Primary Industries, Parks Water and Environment. Retrieved 18 November 2016.