Calosoma

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Calosoma
Calosoma.sycophanta.-.calwer.04.09.jpg
Calosoma sycophanta
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Carabidae
Tribe: Carabini
Genus: Calosoma
Weber, 1801
Subgenera
Callistenia Lapouge, 1929
Callisthenes Fischer von Waldheim, 1820
Callitropa Motschulsky, 1866
Calopachys Haury, 1880
Calosoma Weber, 1801
Camegonia Lapouge, 1924
Caminara Motschulsky, 1866
Campalita Motschulsky, 1866
Carabomimus Kolbe, 1895
Carabomorphus Kolbe, 1895
Carabophanus Kolbe, 1895
Carabops Jakobson, 1900
Carabosoma Géhin, 1885
Castrida Motschulsky, 1866
Charmosta Motschulsky, 1866
Chrysostigma Kirby, 1837
Ctenosta Motschulsky, 1866
Elgonorites Jeannel, 1940
Neocalosoma Breuning, 1927
Orinodromus Kolbe, 1895
Synonyms
  • Callisthenes
Calosoma planicolle Calosoma planicolle Chaudoir, 1869 (3586591230) (2).jpg
Calosoma planicolle
Calosoma senegalense Calosoma senegalense Dejean, 1831 (3887607030).jpg
Calosoma senegalense
Calosoma scrutator by Alejandro Santillana "Insects Unlocked" Project, University of Texas at Austin Calosoma scrutator by Alejandro Santillana "Insects Unlocked" Project.jpg
Calosoma scrutator by Alejandro Santillana "Insects Unlocked" Project, University of Texas at Austin

Calosoma is a genus of large ground beetles that occur primarily throughout the Northern Hemisphere, and are referred to as caterpillar hunters or caterpillar searchers. Many of the 167 species are largely or entirely black, but some have bright metallic coloration. They produce a foul-smelling spray from glands near the tip of the abdomen. They are recognizable due to their large thorax, which is almost the size of their abdomen and much wider than their head. [1]

Contents

Calosoma has about 20 subgenera, including some former genera such as Callisthenes. [2] [3]

History

In 1905, Calosoma sycophanta was imported to New England for control of the spongy moth. The species is a voracious consumer of caterpillars during both its larval stage and as an adult, as are other species in the genus. For this reason, they are generally considered beneficial insects. Several species of this beetle, most notably the black calosoma (Calosoma semilaeve) are especially common in the California area.

See also

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<i>Chilocorus stigma</i> Species of beetle

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<i>Calosoma sycophanta</i> Species of beetle

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<i>Calosoma inquisitor</i> Species of beetle

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<i>Calosoma scrutator</i> Species of beetle

Calosoma scrutator, also known as the fiery searcher and caterpillar hunter, is a species of ground beetle belonging to the genus Calosoma, subgenus Acalosoma. This beetle can be as large as 35 millimetres (1.4 in) long. The distribution of this species is relatively widespread, but it is nonetheless uncommon in North America. The adult beetle is known to excrete a foul-smelling oil when it is handled. The oil has been described as smelling similar to rotten milk or rancid olive oil.

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<i>Calosoma calidum</i> Species of beetle

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<i>Calosoma frigidum</i> Species of beetle

Calosoma frigidum, also known as the cold-country caterpillar hunter, is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Carabinae. It was first described by William Kirby in 1837. Occurring throughout southern Canada and the United States, it is about 16mm to 27mm long and black, with rows of pits or dots along its elytra. These pits are an iridescent blue/green, and larger than the pits of many other Calosoma species. It can be found in wooded areas and is active at night, while hiding under debris by day.

<i>Calosoma sayi</i> Species of beetle

Calosoma sayi, also known as "Say's caterpillar hunter or "Black Caterpillar Hunter", is a species of ground beetle of the subfamily Carabinae. It was described by Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean in 1826. A large, lustrous black beetle found throughout the United States, its habitat is fields and disturbed areas. About 25mm to 28mm long, its grooved elytra have rows of metallic dots or pits. Said pits are smaller than many Calosoma, and are ruby red. Both larvae and adults prey upon other larvae and pupae, specifically those of grubs, flies, and lepidoptera.

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References

  1. Powell & Hogue (1979), California Insects. p. 262.
  2. "Calosoma Weber, 1801". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
  3. Bruschi, Sandro. "Calosoma of the World" . Retrieved 2023-03-16.