 The Kinal | |
| Origin | Poland |
|---|---|
| Family | Trick avoidance |
| Players | 4 |
| Skills | Strategy |
| Cards | 48 |
| Deck | French or German |
| Play | Anticlockwise |
| Playing time | 30 min. |
| Chance | Difficult |
| Related games | |
| Reversis | |
Chapanka is an historical Polish card game for four players that is an adaptation of the French game of Reversis in which the aim was the lose points.
Chapanka is recorded as early as 1752 in a collection of poetry, [1] but the earliest description, which is incomplete, dates to 1831. [2] It appears to have died out towards the end of the 19th century. [3]
In 1831, Łukasz Gołębiowski recounts the traditional card names and rules. It was a plain-trick game played by 4 people with a German-suited, Old Polish pack of 36 cards (9 cards in each suit). A player who took three tricks, did not lose anything, a player who took more, won more. The highest cards in Chapanka were appropriately named: [2]
8 - Dola ("Mad One")
6 or 8 - Gółka ("Bare Bum", "Semibreve", "Whole Note") 6 - Pancerola ("Armour", "Knight")
O - Panfil ("Pamphilus", "Ober")
U - Kinal ("Unter") 9 - Mogaczka ("Bulb") 9 - Ryndzia ("Yard")Gołębiowski supposed that the ranking among the rest of the cards was as in Druzbart, [2] however this appears unlikely in view of its origin in Reversis.
The following is a summary of the 1930 rules by Wytrawny Gracz, [4] [lower-alpha 1] which are almost identical to the 1881 rules by Stary Gracz, who says that Chapanka was adapted from the old French game of Reversis "by our grandfathers" but is "rarely played today". [3] This version is a point-trick game.
Four players play with a French-suited pack of 52 cards with the 10s removed, leaving 48. The cards rank AKQJ98765432, Aces high. Card point values are: Ace 4, King 3, Queen 2 and Jack 1; remainder 0. [4]
Cards are dealt out and whoever gets the ♥J chooses a seat and becomes the first dealer. The other draw for seats, a higher card having priority. The dealer antes 3 counters to the pot; the rest 2 each. Five cards are dealt, anticlockwise, each player receiving 11, except for the dealer who gets 12. The remaining 3 form the talon. Each player may exchange one card if desired and the dealer discards a card, so that all have 11 cards each. The four discards are set aside until the end. [4]
The aim is to take the fewest points in tricks; the player with the most pays the one who scores the fewest. If two players tie, the earlier player (who is closer to the dealer's right) wins. [lower-alpha 2] Winnings are calculated by totalling the points in the four discards and adding four, then paying this in counters. [4] [lower-alpha 3]
Alternatively, a player with a strong hand may try to win by taking all tricks; this is a Chapanka. The player sweeps the pot and is paid 32 counters by the player sitting opposite and 16 by each other player. A player who makes the first 9 tricks must play a Chapanka. If an opponent takes the penultimate trick, the Chapanka player pays that opponent what would otherwise have been won (i.e. 16 or 32); if the last trick is lost, the Chapanka player pays double (32 or 64); in either case, the player doubles the pot. [4]
The highest card is the ♥J, the Kinal, and a player who discards it onto a different suit earns 1 point from its captor. A player who forces out the Kinal by leading Hearts, is paid 2 points by the Kinal holder and 1 by each other player. A player who loses a Chapanka in either of the last two tricks having discarded the ♥J, is still paid for Kinal. [4] [lower-alpha 4]
A player with 4 Aces or 3 Aces and Kinal has a Pancerola which earns the right to renounce the led suit for the first 9 tricks, but it comes with a commitment to lose every trick. A Pancerola player who takes either of the last two tricks pays the entire loss alone. The Pancerola player may choose not to exercise the right to renounce and may play a Chapanka. [4]
A player who discards an Ace onto another suit receives 1 point from its captor and 2 for the ♦A. All penalty payments are doubled for the player opposite or in the last trick. Although not mentioned by Gracz, it is probable that if Kinal was discarded successfully it earned the contents of the pot in addition to the side payments and if it was forced out, the holder had to double the pot and pay the side payments. [4]
Hearts is an "evasion-type" trick-taking playing card game for four players, although most variations can accommodate between three and six players. It was first recorded in America in the 1880s and has many variants, some of which are also referred to as "Hearts", especially the games of Black Lady and Black Maria. The game is a member of the Whist group of trick-taking games, but is unusual among Whist variants in that it is a trick-avoidance game; players avoid winning certain penalty cards in tricks, usually by avoiding winning tricks altogether. The original game of Hearts is still current but has been overtaken in popularity by Black Lady in the United States and Black Maria in Great Britain.
Sheepshead is an American trick-taking card game derived from Bavaria's national card game, Schafkopf, hence it is sometimes called American Schafkopf. Sheepshead is most commonly played by five players, but variants exist to allow for two to eight players. There are also many other variants to the game rules, and many slang terms used with the game.
500 or Five Hundred is a trick-taking game developed in the United States from Euchre. Euchre was extended to a 10 card game with bidding and a Misère contract similar to Russian Preference, producing a cutthroat three-player game like Preference and a four-player game played in partnerships like Whist which is the most popular modern form, although with special packs it can be played by up to six players.
Black lady is an American card game of the hearts group for three to six players and the most popular of the group. It emerged in the early 20th century as an elaboration of hearts and was initially also called discard hearts. It is named after its highest penalty card, the queen of spades or "black lady". It is a trick-avoidance game in which the aim is to avoid taking tricks containing hearts or the black lady. American author and leading bridge exponent, Ely Culbertson, describes it as "essentially hearts with the addition of the queen of spades as a minus card, counting thirteen" and goes on to say that "black lady and its elaborations have completely overshadowed the original hearts in popularity".
Bourré is a trick-taking gambling card game primarily played in the Acadiana region of Louisiana in the United States of America. It is also played in the Greek island of Psara, with the name Boureki. The game's closest relatives are probably Spades and Euchre; like many regional games, Bourré sports many variant rules for both play and betting considerations.
Desmoche is a popular rummy card game usually played for small stakes which closely resembles other games in the rummy family, like Conquian and gin rummy, more than poker. It was probably devised in Nicaragua in the first half of the 20th century.
3-5-8, also known as sergeant major for its popularity among members of the Royal Air Force, is a trick-taking card game for 3 players, using a standard 52 card deck. 3-5-8 may be played as a gambling game, and there are many variations with names like "8-5-3" and "9-5-2" played throughout the world.
Gong Zhu (拱猪) is a Chinese four-player trick-taking card game that is similar to Black Lady, the leading member of the Hearts family. However, it differs in that it assigns quite different point values to cards. The objective of the game is to score positive points and avoid penalty points. Gong Zhu means: Push Out the Pig, for "pig" is the name given to the Q♠.
Khanhoo or kanhu is a non-partnership Chinese card game of the draw-and-discard structure. It was first recorded during the late Ming dynasty as a multi-trick taking game, a type of game that may be as old as T'ienkiu, revised in its rules and published in an authorized edition by Emperor Kao Tsung in 1130 AD for the information of his subjects. Meaning "watch the pot", it is very possibly the ancestor of all rummy games.
Reversis, or more rarely, Réversi, is a very old trick-taking card game in the Hearts family. Its origin is uncertain, but it may have emerged in Italy before spreading to Spain and France. It is considered one of the two probable ancestors of Hearts, Black Lady and Black Maria, the other being Coquimbert or Coquinbert. It was very popular with the French aristocracy in the 17th and 18th centuries, and much played elsewhere, except in Britain. Initially quite simple, the game eventually developed more complex mechanics such as vast quantities of counters and a system of pools and side-payments. Its name may have possibly come from the reverse order and construction of the game itself, or even from its exceptional slam which, like "shooting the moon" in Black Lady, reverses the entire aim of the game.
The following is a glossary of terms used in card games. Besides the terms listed here, there are thousands of common and uncommon slang terms. Terms in this glossary should not be game-specific, but apply to a wide range of card games played with non-proprietary packs. It should not include terms solely related to casino or banking games. For glossaries that relate primarily to one game or family of similar games, see Game-specific glossaries.
Tippen, also known as Dreiblatt, Dreikart, Drei Karten, Dreekort, Kleinpréférence or Labet, is an historical German 3-card, plain-trick game which was popular as a gambling game for three or more players. The Danish version of the game was known as Trekort and more elaborate Swedish variants include Knack and Köpknack. It appears to be related to the English game of Three-Card Loo. It was banned as a gambling game in some places.
Chratze is a trick taking card game, mainly played in the German-speaking part of Switzerland as well as in Bavaria. It is one of over 70 variants of Jass and played with a pack of 36 cards, either a Swiss-German or French one. It appears to be related to the Austrian game, Kratzen.
Gleek is an English card game for three people. It is played with a 44-card pack and was popular from the 16th century through the 18th century.
Bavarian Tarock or, often, just Tarock, is a card game that was once popular in Bavaria and also played in parts of Austria as well as Berlin. The name is a clue to its origin in the historical German game of [Gross-]Tarock, a game using traditional Tarot cards. At some point in the mid- to late-18th century, attempts were made to emulate Taroc using a standard 36-card German-suited pack, resulting in the formerly popular, south German game of German Tarok. During the last century, the variant played with a pot (Haferl) and often known as Bavarian Tarock or Haferltarock, evolved into "quite a fine game" that, however, has less in common with its Tarock progenitor. German Tarok also generated the very similar game of Tapp, played in Württemberg, and both are related to Bauerntarock, Dobbm and the American games of frog and six-bid solo. Bavarian Tarock should not be confused with Königrufen, also known as Austrian Tarock or just Tarock.
Lampeln or Lampln is an old Bavarian and Austrian plain-trick card game that is still played in a few places today. It is one of the Rams group of card games characterised by allowing players to drop out of the current game if they think they will be unable to win any tricks or a minimum number of tricks.
Kratzen is an Austrian card game for three to six players that is played for small stakes usually using a 33-card William Tell pack. It is a member of the Rams group of card games characterised by allowing players to drop out of the current game if they think they will be unable to win any tricks or a minimum number of tricks. The game is related to the Swiss Jass form, Chratze and has been described as "fun" to play.
Drużbart or Druzbart is an extinct Polish card game of the Bruus family. The game is descended from the oldest known card game in Europe, Karnöffel, a fact testified by its unusual card ranking and lack of a uniform trump suit.
Trischaken is an historical Austrian, German and Polish gambling card game for three to five players. It appears related to French Brelan and German Scherwenzel.
Sjavs is a Danish card game of the Schafkopf family that is played in two main variants. In Denmark, it is a 3-player game, played with a shortened pack of 20 cards; in the Faroe Islands, where it is very popular, it is a four-hand, partnership game using a standard piquet pack of 32 cards.
Chapanka at Polish Wikibooks
