| China Railways TH1 Mantetsu Tehoi class (テホイ) | |||||||||||
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 Mantetsu F1-612 as built. | |||||||||||
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The China Railways TH1 class steam locomotive was a class of 4-6-0 passenger steam locomotives operated by the China Railway. Originally built for the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), some were also operated by the Manchukuo National Railway. The "Teho" name came from the American naming system for steam locomotives, under which locomotives with 4-6-0 wheel arrangement were called "Ten-Wheeler".
The Tehoi class can be subdivided into two distinct subclasses, the Tehoi class and the Mantetsu Tehoni class, which should not be confused with the Manchukuo National Tehoni class.
In 1908, Mantetsu ordered seventeen locomotives from ALCo in the United States for express and ordinary passenger train duties on the mainline. Built at ALCo's Schenectady works and designated class F1, from 1911 they were used also on express trains on the Dalian–Lüshun line, and on the Anfeng Line between Fengtian and Andong. With the introduction of a new classification system in 1920 they became class Tehoi (テホイ), and between then and 1926 they were rebuilt with superheaters. In 1927, one engine was leased to the Sitao Railway, which in 1933 was nationalised along with several other private railways to create the Manchukuo National Railway, and in the same year, four were transferred to the Fushun Coal Mine, which was under Mantetsu's control. In 1931 three of the locomotives sent to Fushun were returned in exchange for a Sorii class engine, and in that year some were loaned to the Jinfu Railway. With the establishment of the Manchukuo National Railway in 1933, two were transferred to the MNR, where they were designated Tehosa (テホサ) class.
| Owner | Class & numbers (1907–1920) | Class & numbers (1920–1938) | Class & numbers (1938–1945) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mantetsu | F1 602–F1 619 | テホイ602–テホイ619 | テホイ1–テホイ15 | |
| Manchukuo National | - | テホサ5650, テホサ5651 | テホイ501, テホイ502 | Transferred from Mantetsu in 1933 |
After the reconstruction of the Anfeng Line in 1911, a thrice-weekly international express train between Fengtian and Gyeongseong, Korea was introduced. As the existing locomotives insufficient in quantity, Mantetsu ordered five new engines from ALCo in 1912 to augment the fleet. Built at ALCO's Richmond, Virginia plant, they were designated class F1 like the 1908 units, though they were not identical to those, and in the 1920 reclassification they became Tehoni (テホニ) class. Between 1920 and 1926 they were rebuilt with superheaters. Used on both express and ordinary passenger trains, some were loaned to the Jinfu Railway in 1931.
| Owner | Class & numbers (1912–1920) | Class & numbers (1920–1938) | Class & numbers (1938–1945) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mantetsu | F1 620–F1 624 | テホニ620–テホニ624 | テホイ16–テホイ20 |
Under the new unified classification system introduced in 1938, the Mantetsu Tehoi class, the Mantetsu Tehoni class, and the Manchukuo National Tehosa class locomotives were collectively designated Tehoi class.
All 22 engines of both subclasses survived the Second Sino-Japanese War, and at the end of the war were assigned to the Dalian (9), Fengtian (5), Jinzhou (5) and Qiqihar (3) depots, and were taken over by the Republic of China Railway. Following the establishment of the People's Republic and the current China Railway, they were designated class ㄊㄏ一 (TH1) in 1951, becoming class TH1 (written in Pinyin instead of Zhuyin) in 1959.
| Tehoi (as built) | Tehoi (rebuilt) | Tehoni (as built) | Tehoni (rebuilt) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Builder | ALCo (Schenectady) | ALCo (Richmond) | ||
| Build date | 1908 | 1920–1926 | 1912 | 1920–1926 |
| Driver diameter | 1,753 mm (69.0 in) | 1,750 mm (69 in) | 1,753 mm (69.0 in) | 1,750 mm (69 in) |
| Loco Weight | 72.00 t (70.86 long tons) | 72.84 t (71.69 long tons) | 72.00 t (70.86 long tons) | 71.53 t (70.40 long tons) |
| Adhesive weight | 55.10 t (54.23 long tons) | 56.23 t (55.34 long tons) | 55.10 t (54.23 long tons) | 54.87 t (54.00 long tons) |
| Cylinder size | 483 mm × 610 mm (19.0 in × 24.0 in) | 483 mm × 610 mm (19.0 in × 24.0 in) | 483 mm × 610 mm (19.0 in × 24.0 in) | 483 mm × 610 mm (19.0 in × 24.0 in) |
| Boiler pressure | 14.0 kgf/cm2 (199 psi) | 14.1 kgf/cm2 (201 psi) | 14.0 kgf/cm2 (199 psi) | 14.1 kgf/cm2 (201 psi) |
| Firegrate area | 3.01 m2 (32.4 sq ft) | 2.94 m2 (31.6 sq ft) | 3.01 m2 (32.4 sq ft) | 2.95 m2 (31.8 sq ft) |
| Operator | South Manchuria Railway Manchukuo National Railway China Railway | South Manchuria Railway China Railway | ||
| Numbers in class | 17 | 5 | ||
The South Manchuria Railway, officially The South Manchuria Railway Company, Ltd., Mantetsu or Mantie for short, was a large National Policy Company of the Empire of Japan whose primary function was the operation of railways on the Dalian–Fengtian (Mukden)–Changchun corridor in northeastern China, as well as on several branch lines.
The China Railways SL7 class steam locomotive was a class of 4-6-2 express passenger steam locomotives operated by the China Railway. They were originally built for the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu) to pull the Asia Express - Mantetsu's signature train and most iconic locomotive, whose images were used on fliers, posters, postage stamps, and even children's school textbooks, as a symbol of technology and modernism in Manchukuo and was used to demonstrate the success of Japan's imperial project.
The China Railways JF6 class steam locomotive was a class of 2-8-2 steam locomotives for freight trains operated by the China Railway. They were originally built in Japan and Manchukuo between 1934 and 1944 for the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), the Manchukuo National Railway, and the North China Transportation Company.
The China Railways SL6 class steam locomotive was a class of 4-6-2 superheated two-cylinder passenger steam locomotives operated by the China Railway. Originally built for the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), the Manchukuo National Railway, the Central China Railway and the North China Transportation Company by several Japanese manufacturers between 1934 and 1940, they were the most numerous class of steam passenger locomotive in China, with 422 eventually built.
The China Railways SL11 class steam locomotive was a class of 4-6-2 passenger steam locomotives operated by the China Railway. They were originally built for the South Manchuria Railway and the Manchukuo National Railway by ALCO of the United States in 1908, and have the distinction of being part of the first group of standard gauge locomotives to operate in northeastern China.
The China Railways SL2 class steam locomotive was a class of 4-6-2 passenger steam locomotives operated by the China Railway. They were originally built for the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), where they were designated Pashini (パシニ) class.
The China Railways SL3 class steam locomotive was a class of 4-6-2 passenger steam locomotives operated by the China Railway. They were originally built for the South Manchuria Railway, the Manchukuo National Railway and the North China Transportation Company by several Japanese manufacturers between 1934 and 1940. They were designed in 1933 based on the design of the first Pashisa class locomotives ; the first order was placed by Mantetsu in March of that year.
The China Railways SL4 class steam locomotive was a class of 4-6-2 passenger steam locomotives operated by the China Railway. They were originally built for South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), where they were designated Pashishi (パシニ) class. Mantetsu's 1938 "Pashishi" classification was made up of two distinct classes of locomotive, the former G2 and G3 classes, built in 1919 and 1921 respectively, for Mantetsu and for the Manchukuo National Railway.
The China Railways SL5 steam locomotive was a class of 4-6-2 passenger steam locomotives operated by the China Railway. They were originally built for the South Manchuria Railway in 1927 and 1928.
The China Railways SL8 class steam locomotive was a class of 4-6-2 express passenger steam locomotives operated by the China Railway. They were originally built for the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu) and the Manchukuo National Railway between 1937 and 1940.
The China Railways AM1 class locomotives were a class of 4-4-0 passenger steam locomotives operated by the China Railway, originally built for the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu). The "Ame" name came from the American naming system for steam locomotives, under which locomotives with 4-4-0 wheel arrangement were called "American".
The China Railways TH10 class steam locomotive was a class of 4-6-0 passenger steam locomotives operated by the China Railway. Originally amongst the first locomotives ordered by the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), they were later operated by the privately owned Jichang Jidun Railway and its successor, the Manchukuo National Railway, which designated them Tehoni class. The "Teho" name came from the American naming system for steam locomotives, under which locomotives with 4-6-0 wheel arrangement were called "Ten-Wheeler".
The Manchukuo National Railway Tehosa class steam locomotives were a class of 4-6-0 passenger steam locomotives operated by the Manchukuo National Railway. Originally built for the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), they later transferred to the MNR. The "Teho" name came from the American naming system for steam locomotives, under which locomotives with 4-6-0 wheel arrangement were called "Ten-Wheeler".
The China Railways LD1 class steam locomotive was a class of streamlined 4-4-4T tank steam locomotives for passenger trains operated by the China Railway. They were originally built for the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu) in 1936. The "Dabu" name came from the English "double-ender", which was used by Mantetsu for all tank locomotives.
The China Railways JF4 class steam locomotive was a class of superheated 2-8-2 steam locomotives for goods trains operated by the China Railway. They were originally built for the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu) in Japan in 1935.
The China Railways MT1 class steam locomotive was a class of 4-8-2 steam locomotives for goods trains operated by the China Railway. They were originally built for the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu) in Japan in 1936. The "Mate" name came from the American naming system for steam locomotives, under which locomotives with 4-8-2 wheel arrangement were called "Mountain".
The China Railways KD23 class locomotive was a class of 2-8-0 steam locomotives operated by the China Railway. Originally amongst the first locomotives ordered by the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), they were built by ALCo of the United States in 1906, and they were later operated by the privately owned Jichang Jidun Railway and its successor, the Manchukuo National Railway. The "Sori" name comes from the American naming system for steam locomotives, in which the 2-8-0 wheel arrangement is called "Consolidation".
The China Railways KD1 class locomotives were a class of 2-8-0 steam locomotives operated by China Railway, originally built for the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu) and the Manchukuo National Railway by ALCo of the United States in 1907 and 1908. The "Sori" name comes from the American naming system for steam locomotives, in which the 2-8-0 wheel arrangement is called "Consolidation".
The China Railways JF1 class steam locomotive was a class of 2-8-2 steam locomotives for freight trains operated by the China Railway. They were originally built in the United States, Japan and Manchukuo between 1918 and 1945 for the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), the Manchukuo National Railway, the North China Transportation Company, and the Central China Railway. After the end of the Pacific War, they were taken over by the China Railway, the Korean State Railway in North Korea and by the Korean National Railroad in South Korea, and more were built in China after 1949 for the China Railway, which ultimately operated over 2,000 of the type.
The Tehosa-class (テホサ) locomotives were a class of steam tender locomotives of the Chosen Government Railway (Sentetsu) with 4-6-0 wheel arrangement. The "Teho" name came from the American naming system for steam locomotives, under which locomotives with 4-6-0 wheel arrangement were called "Ten Wheeler".
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