Choerodon

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Choerodon
Choerodon fasciatus.jpg
Harlequin tuskfish (C. fasciatus)
ChoerodCauteromaRLS.jpg
Blue-spotted tuskfish ( C. cauteroma )
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Labriformes
Family: Labridae
Tribe: Hypsigenyini
Genus: Choerodon
Bleeker, 1849
Type species
Labrus macrodontus
Lacépède, 1801 [1]
Synonyms [2]
List
  • AspiurochilusFowler, 1956
  • ChoerodonoidesKamohara, 1958
  • ChoeropsRüppell, 1852
  • CossyphodesBleeker, 1860
  • HypsigenysGünther, 1861
  • LienardellaFowler & B. A. Bean, 1928
  • MacrochoerodonFowler & B. A. Bean, 1928
  • PeaolopesiaJ. L. B. Smith, 1949
  • TorresiaCastelnau, 1875]

Choerodon is a genus of wrasses native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. [3] They originated in the Miocene, when the Australian and Eurasian Plates collided. [4] They are commonly referred to as tuskfish, because most species have sharp tusk-like teeth.

Contents

Taxonomy

The genus Choerodon is most closely related to the odacine wrasses. Both groups are part of the wrasse tribe Hypsigenyini. Choerodon is split into 6 subgenera. [5] Molecular phylogenetic analysis has so far demonstrated the monophyly of the subgenera, although not all species in the genus have been evaluated. [6]

Choerodon typus was traditionally placed within its own genus Xiphocheilus, but both morphological and molecular analyses now place it within Choerodon, with Xiphocheilus becoming its subgenus name instead. [5] [6]

Potential tool use in tuskfishes

Orange-dotted, blue, graphic, and blackspot tuskfish have been recorded using large rocks or hard coral as "anvils", upon which they smash open hard-shelled prey items. All four species belong to the subgenus Choerodon, and can remember to use a particular rock or coral repeatedly for this purpose. This behaviour usually involves invertebrate prey such as clams and sea urchins, but on one occasion, a blue tuskfish was filmed smashing a young green sea turtle on an anvil. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] Anvil use is also documented in several other wrasse genera. [11] [12] [13]

Species

The 27 currently recognized species in this genus are: [3] [5] [14] [15]

SubgenusSpeciesCommon nameImage
Aspiurochilus Choerodon azurio

(D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1901)

Azurio tuskfish Choerodon azurio (cropped).jpg
Choerodon cypselurus

Gomon, 2017

swallowtail tuskfish [5]
Choerodon monostigma

J. D. Ogilby, 1910

dark-spot tuskfish
Choerodon robustus

(Günther, 1862)

robust tuskfish Robust Tuskfish, Be'er Sheva, Israel imported from iNaturalist photo 241314392 (cropped).jpg
Choerodon zamboangae

(Seale & B. A. Bean, 1907)

purple eyebrowed tuskfish FMIB 47500 Choerops zamboangae.jpeg
Choerodon Choerodon anchorago

(Bloch, 1791)

orange-dotted tuskfish Anchor tuskfish (Choerodon anchorago) - 49760086097 (cropped).jpg
Choerodon cauteroma

M. F. Gomon & G. R. Allen, 1987

bluespotted tuskfish Bluespotted Tuskfish imported from iNaturalist photo 442735447 on 12 January 2025.png
Choerodon cephalotes

(Castelnau, 1875)

purple tuskfish Purple Tuskfish, Nudgee Beach QLD 4014, Australia imported from iNaturalist photo 346780718 (cropped).jpg
Choerodon cyanodus

(J. Richardson, 1843)

blue tuskfish Blue Tuskfish, Heron Island, QLD, Australia imported from iNaturalist photo 133770304 (cropped).jpg
Choerodon graphicus

(de Vis, 1885)

graphic tuskfish Graphic Tuskfish, Heron Island, QLD, Australia imported from iNaturalist photo 133770342 (cropped).jpg
Choerodon oligacanthus

(Bleeker, 1851)

white-patch tuskfish
Choerodon rubescens

(Günther, 1862)

baldchin groper Choerodon rubescens (cropped).jpg
Choerodon schoenleinii

(Valenciennes, 1839)

blackspot tuskfish Blackspot Tuskfish imported from iNaturalist photo 401481161 on 12 January 2025 (cropped).jpg
Choerodon venustus

(de Vis, 1884)

Venus tuskfish
Lienardella Choerodon fasciatus

(Günther, 1867)

harlequin tuskfish Harlequin Tuskfish, Daydream Island, Australia imported from iNaturalist photo 38815846 (cropped).jpg
Lutjanilabrus Choerodon vitta

J. D. Ogilby, 1910

redstripe tuskfish Redstripe Tuskfish imported from iNaturalist photo 442736514 on 12 January 2025.png
Peaolopseia Choerodon albofasciatus

Gomon, 2017 [5]

Choerodon aurulentus

Gomon, 2017

gilded tuskfish
Choerodon frenatus

J. D. Ogilby, 1910

bridled tuskfish
Choerodon gomoni

G. R. Allen & J. E. Randall, 2002

Gomon's tuskfish
Choerodon gymnogenys

(Günther, 1867)

Choerodon jordani

(Snyder, 1908)

Jordan's tuskfish Blackwedge Tuskfish, Xiao Liu Qiu (Mei Ren Dong ) imported from iNaturalist photo 107552207 (cropped).jpg
Choerodon margaritiferus

Fowler & B. A. Bean, 1928

pearly tuskfish
Choerodon skaiopygmaeus

Gomon, 2017 [5]

Choerodon sugillatum

M. F. Gomon, 1987

wedge-tailed tuskfish Wedgetail Tuskfish imported from iNaturalist photo 442736423 on 12 January 2025.png
Choerodon zosterophorus

(Bleeker, 1868)

Zoster wrasse Zoster wrasse (Choerodon zosterophorus) (40503187381) (cropped).jpg
Xiphocheilus Choerodon typus

Bleeker, 1856

blue-banded wrasse Xiphocheilus typus.gif

References

  1. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Choerodon". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  2. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Labridae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  3. 1 2 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Choerodon". FishBase . August 2013 version.
  4. Puckridge, Melody; Last, Peter R.; Andreakis, Nikos (2015-03-01). "The role of peripheral endemism and habitat associations in the evolution of the Indo-West Pacific tuskfishes (Labridae: Choerodon)" . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 84: 64–72. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.007. ISSN   1055-7903.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Museums Victoria; Martin F., Martin F. (2017-08-28). "A review of the tuskfishes, genus Choerodon (Labridae, Perciformes), with descriptions of three new species". Memoirs of Museum Victoria. 76: 1–111. doi: 10.24199/j.mmv.2017.76.01 .
  6. 1 2 Hughes, Lily C; Nash, Chloe M; White, William T; Westneat, Mark W (2023-05-01). "Concordance and Discordance in the Phylogenomics of the Wrasses and Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae)". Systematic Biology. 72 (3): 530–543. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syac072. ISSN   1063-5157.
  7. Pryor, Kimberley Jane; Milton, Ashley Monique (2023). "Tool use involving a different prey type, microhabitat and location, and long-term anvil use, by the graphic tuskfish Choerodon graphicus (De Vis 1885)" . Marine Ecology. 44 (6): e12768. doi:10.1111/maec.12768. ISSN   1439-0485.
  8. Jones, A. M.; Brown, C.; Gardner, S. (2011-09-01). "Tool use in the tuskfish Choerodon schoenleinii?". Coral Reefs. 30 (3): 865–865. doi:10.1007/s00338-011-0790-y. ISSN   1432-0975.
  9. Harborne, A. R.; Tholan, B. A. (2016-09-01). "Tool use by Choerodon cyanodus when handling vertebrate prey". Coral Reefs. 35 (3): 1069–1069. doi:10.1007/s00338-016-1448-6. ISSN   1432-0975.
  10. Nature, Research Communities by Springer (2017-10-31). "Tools and tails on Blue Planet II". Research Communities by Springer Nature. Retrieved 2025-01-14.
  11. 1 2 Bernardi, G. (2012-03-01). "The use of tools by wrasses (Labridae)". Coral Reefs. 31 (1): 39–39. doi:10.1007/s00338-011-0823-6. ISSN   1432-0975.
  12. Jaishankar, Siddhi; Nair, Radhika; Alcoverro, Teresa; Arthur, Rohan (2024-04-01). "Anvil use by three wrasse species: Halichoeres hortulanus, Thalassoma jansenii, and Thalassoma lunare" . Coral Reefs. 43 (2): 483–487. doi:10.1007/s00338-024-02467-y. ISSN   1432-0975.
  13. Pryor, Kimberley Jane (2022). "Tool use by the orange wrasse Pseudolabrus luculentus and doubleheader Coris bulbifrons" . Marine Ecology. 43 (6): e12727. doi:10.1111/maec.12727. ISSN   1439-0485.
  14. Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (22 September 2018). "Order LABRIFORMES: Family LABRIDAE (a-h)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  15. Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (22 September 2018). "Order LABRIFORMES: Family LABRIDAE (a-h)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 27 February 2023.