Choerodon | |
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Harlequin tuskfish (C. fasciatus) | |
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Blue-spotted tuskfish ( C. cauteroma ) | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Labriformes |
Family: | Labridae |
Tribe: | Hypsigenyini |
Genus: | Choerodon Bleeker, 1849 |
Type species | |
Labrus macrodontus Lacépède, 1801 [1] | |
Synonyms [2] | |
List
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Choerodon is a genus of wrasses native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. [3] They originated in the Miocene, when the Australian and Eurasian Plates collided. [4] They are commonly referred to as tuskfish, because most species have sharp tusk-like teeth.
The genus Choerodon is most closely related to the odacine wrasses. Both groups are part of the wrasse tribe Hypsigenyini. Choerodon is split into 6 subgenera. [5] Molecular phylogenetic analysis has so far demonstrated the monophyly of the subgenera, although not all species in the genus have been evaluated. [6]
Choerodon typus was traditionally placed within its own genus Xiphocheilus, but both morphological and molecular analyses now place it within Choerodon, with Xiphocheilus becoming its subgenus name instead. [5] [6]
Orange-dotted, blue, graphic, and blackspot tuskfish have been recorded using large rocks or hard coral as "anvils", upon which they smash open hard-shelled prey items. All four species belong to the subgenus Choerodon, and can remember to use a particular rock or coral repeatedly for this purpose. This behaviour usually involves invertebrate prey such as clams and sea urchins, but on one occasion, a blue tuskfish was filmed smashing a young green sea turtle on an anvil. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] Anvil use is also documented in several other wrasse genera. [11] [12] [13]
The 27 currently recognized species in this genus are: [3] [5] [14] [15]
Subgenus | Species | Common name | Image |
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Aspiurochilus | Choerodon azurio (D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1901) | Azurio tuskfish | ![]() |
Choerodon cypselurus Gomon, 2017 | swallowtail tuskfish [5] | ||
Choerodon monostigma J. D. Ogilby, 1910 | dark-spot tuskfish | ||
Choerodon robustus (Günther, 1862) | robust tuskfish | ![]() | |
Choerodon zamboangae (Seale & B. A. Bean, 1907) | purple eyebrowed tuskfish | ![]() | |
Choerodon | Choerodon anchorago (Bloch, 1791) | orange-dotted tuskfish | ![]() |
Choerodon cauteroma M. F. Gomon & G. R. Allen, 1987 | bluespotted tuskfish | ![]() | |
Choerodon cephalotes (Castelnau, 1875) | purple tuskfish | ![]() | |
Choerodon cyanodus (J. Richardson, 1843) | blue tuskfish | ![]() | |
Choerodon graphicus (de Vis, 1885) | graphic tuskfish | ![]() | |
Choerodon oligacanthus (Bleeker, 1851) | white-patch tuskfish | ||
Choerodon rubescens (Günther, 1862) | baldchin groper | ![]() | |
Choerodon schoenleinii (Valenciennes, 1839) | blackspot tuskfish | ![]() | |
Choerodon venustus (de Vis, 1884) | Venus tuskfish | ||
Lienardella | Choerodon fasciatus (Günther, 1867) | harlequin tuskfish | ![]() |
Lutjanilabrus | Choerodon vitta J. D. Ogilby, 1910 | redstripe tuskfish | ![]() |
Peaolopseia | Choerodon albofasciatus Gomon, 2017 [5] | ||
Choerodon aurulentus Gomon, 2017 | gilded tuskfish | ||
Choerodon frenatus J. D. Ogilby, 1910 | bridled tuskfish | ||
Choerodon gomoni G. R. Allen & J. E. Randall, 2002 | Gomon's tuskfish | ||
Choerodon gymnogenys (Günther, 1867) | |||
Choerodon jordani (Snyder, 1908) | Jordan's tuskfish | ![]() | |
Choerodon margaritiferus Fowler & B. A. Bean, 1928 | pearly tuskfish | ||
Choerodon skaiopygmaeus Gomon, 2017 [5] | |||
Choerodon sugillatum M. F. Gomon, 1987 | wedge-tailed tuskfish | ![]() | |
Choerodon zosterophorus (Bleeker, 1868) | Zoster wrasse | ![]() | |
Xiphocheilus | Choerodon typus Bleeker, 1856 | blue-banded wrasse | ![]() |