| Chrysoblephus anglicus | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Sparidae |
| Genus: | Chrysoblephus |
| Species: | C. anglicus |
| Binomial name | |
| Chrysoblephus anglicus (Gilchrist & W. W. Thompson, 1908) | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
| |
Chrysoblephus anglicus, the Englishman seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to Southern Africa.
Chrysoblephus anglicus was first formally described as Chrysophrys anglicus in 1908 by the ichthyologists John Dow Fisher Gilchrist, a Scot, and William Wardlaw Thompson, a South African, with its type locality given as Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. [3] The genus Chrysoblephus is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World . [4] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae, [5] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae. [4]
Chrysoblephus anglicus has the specific name anglicus, which means "English". This presumably follows its common name in South Africa, Englishman seabream. [6]
Chrysoblephus anglicus has a dorsal fin which is supported by 12 spines, the third to fifth spines are elongated but they are no longer than the length of the head, and 10 soft rays. The anal fin contains 3 spines and 8 soft rays. It has a deep and compressed body with a blunt snout, the dorsal profile of the head between the upper lip and the forehead is almost vertical, before sloping gently to the orogn of the dorsal fin. The overall colour of this fish is reddish, paler ventrally, with around 4 darker reddish vertical bars which may be very indistinct. The scales have blue spots on them which form rows. [7] The Englishman seabream has a maximum published total length of 100 cm (39 in), although 40 cm (16 in) is more typical. [2]
Chrysoblephus anglicus is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean where it is found between the mouth of the Limpopo River in southern Mozambique to Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. [1] It is found on coral and rocky reefs at depths between 15 and 20 m (49 and 66 ft). [8]
Chrysoblephus anglicus feeds on crabs, prawns, bivalves, squid and, sometimes, fish. It may ben found as a solitary fish or in small schools, sometimes mixed with C. puniceus . The reproductive biology of this species is liitke known but spawning occurs in the spring and some adults are protogynous. [8]
Chrysoblephus anglicus ranks as the fifth most important reef fish species landed by the commercial line fishery off Kwazulu-Natal. Stock assessments have shown that the stock had "collapsed" and there were indications that Englishman seabream is being increasingly targeted in KwaZulu-Natal, as other preferred linefish species decline in abundance due to overfishing. There was roughly a 70% decline in this species landed between 1987 and 2007. This species is endemic to Southern Africa with a limited range and is suspected to be, at least partially, a protogynous hermaphrodite. This means that overexploitation of larger fishes results in the sex ratio of the adults becoming skewed in favour of females. This evidence of overfishing, population declines have led to a number of stock management measures being put in place for this species. The IUCN have classified this species as being Near Threatened. [1]
The red steenbras is a species of fish in the family Sparidae and the only known member of the monospecific genus Petrus. This species is endemic to South Africa. The species' population has been depleted by overfishing in African waters and it has been classified as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
The black musselcracker is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is the only species in the monospecific genus Cymatoceps. It is endemic to South Africa.
Chrysoblephus gibbiceps, the red stumpnose, red stumpnose seabream or Miss Lucy, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off the coast of South Africa. The International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies this species as Endangered.
Chrysoblephus laticeps, the red roman or roman seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to Southern Africa, ranging from Namibia to the Eastern Cape.
Rhabdosargus sarba, also known as the goldlined seabream, silver bream, tarwhine, or yellowfin bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.
Polysteganus praeorbitalis, the Scotsman or Scotsman seabream, is a species of marine fish in the seabream family (Sparidae) of order Perciformes. It is native to Southern Africa.
Polyamblyodon gibbosum, the knife-back seabream or cristie, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Chrysoblephus puniceus, the slinger seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the southwestern Indian Ocean where it is endemic to Southern Africa.
Sparodon, commonly known as the white musselcracker, musselcracker seabream, mussel cracker seabream, brusher, or cracker. is a monotypic genus of fish in the family Sparidae. The type and only known species, Sparodon durbanensis, was first described and named by François Louis Nompar de Caumont de Laporte, comte de Castelnau, in 1861.
Polysteganus undulosus, the seventyfour seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off Southern Africa.
Argyrozona is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and progies. Its only species is Argyrozona argyrozona, the carpenter seabream or doppie, which is endemic to the waters off southern South Africa.
Diplodus capensis, the Cape white seabream or blacktail seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found around the coasts of Southern Africa.
Rhabdosargus thorpei, the bigeye stumpnose, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The bigeye stumpnose is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Chrysoblephus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the western Indian Ocean and southeastern Atlantic Ocean.
Chrysoblephus cristiceps, the daggerhead seabream or dageraad, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean and southeastern Atlantic Ocean off South Africa. This species is assessed as being Critically Endangered bt the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Spondyliosoma emarginatum, the steentjie seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean and the southwestern Indian Ocean off South Africa and maybe Madagascar.
Chrysoblephus lophus, the false red stumpnose or the false Englishman, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is endemic to the South African waters of the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Pachymetopon grande, the bronze seabream or blue hottentot, is a species of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the southwestern Indian Ocean. It is an important spoecies for recreational fisheries in South Africa and for subsistence fisheries too.
Polyamblyodon germanum, the German seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
The Dane seabream, also known as the Dane, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The Dane seabream is the only species in the monospecific genus Porcostoma. This species is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off the coast of Southern Africa.
