| Chrysoblephus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Chrysoblephus gibbiceps | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Sparidae |
| Genus: | Chrysoblephus Swainson, 1839 |
| Type species | |
| Chrysophrys gibbiceps Valenciennes, 1830 [1] | |
Chrysoblephus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the western Indian Ocean and southeastern Atlantic Ocean.
Chrysoblephus was first proposed, as a subgenus of Chrysophrys , in 1839 by the English naturalist and artist William Swainson. Swainson only classified one species, Chrysophrys gibbiceps, in the new taxon so that species is the type species of Chrysoblephus by monotypy. [1] Chrysophrys gibbericeps was first described in 1830 by Achille Valenciennes with its type locality given as the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. [2] This genus is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World . [3] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae, [4] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae. [3]
Chrysoblephus is a compound of chrysos, meaning “gold”, and blepharon, which means “eyelid”. Swainson proposed this taxon as a subgenus of Chrysophrys and repeated the meaning of that name: chrysos compounded with; ophrys, which also means “eyebrow”. This was coined, as Chrysophris, by Georges Cuvier in 1829, stating that it was an ancient name of Chrysophrys auratus , and that it was an allusion to the band of gold that runs between the eyes in a crescent shape. [5]
Chrysoblephus contains the following valid species: [6]
Chrysoblephus sea breams are characterised by, typically, having scales between the eye, only C. lophus is the exception. They also have scales on the flange of the preoperculum and on the bases of the dorsal and anal fins. Each jaw has 4-6 canine-like teeth at the front and three rows of small molar-like teeth behind those. The overall colour is reddish-orange. [7] The largest species in the genus is the Englishman seabream with a maximum published total length of 100 cm (39 in) while the smallest are the Roman sea bream and the false stumpnose which each have maximum published total lengths of 50 cm (20 in). [6]
Chrysoblephus seabreams are endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean waters off Southern Africa with two species extending into the southeastern Atlantic Ocean as far north as northern Namibia. [7]
Chrysoblephus seabreams are pupular fishes to commercial and recreational fishers in South Africa, where they are known as reds. [7]
Sparidae is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes, the seabreams and porgies, although they were traditionally classified in the order Perciformes. They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters around the world and are demersal carnivores.
Calamus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. Most of the species in this genus are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean, with 2 species occurring in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
Lithognathus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. Species in this genus are given the common name of steenbras. The genus is found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean from southwestern Europe to South Africa and into the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Argyrops spinifer, the king soldierbream, Bowen snapper, long-spined red bream, longfin snapper, longspine seabream and red bokako, It is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae. This species is found in the Indian Ocean.
Chrysoblephus gibbiceps, the red stumpnose, red stumpnose seabream or Miss Lucy, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off the coast of South Africa. The International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies this species as Endangered.
Chrysoblephus laticeps, the red roman or roman seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to Southern Africa, ranging from Namibia to the Eastern Cape.
Diplodus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the western Indian Ocean.
Gymnocranius is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. These fishes are found in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.
Sparidentex is a genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the Indian Ocean.
Acanthopagrus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.
Rhabdosargus is a genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean and throughout the Indo-West Pacific, although mainly in the western Indian Ocean.
Cheimerius is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. The only species in the genus is Cheimerius nufar, the santer seabream, santer or soldier, of the Indian Ocean.
Chrysoblephus puniceus, the slinger seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the southwestern Indian Ocean where it is endemic to Southern Africa.
Crenidens is a small genus of three species of seabream from the family Sparidae from the western Indian Ocean. It was previously regarded as monotypic, with the sole species being the Karenteen sea bream Crenidens crenidens but two other species are now accepted as valid species, separate from the type species, C. crenidens.
Argyrozona is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and progies. Its only species is Argyrozona argyrozona, the carpenter seabream or doppie, which is endemic to the waters off southern South Africa.
Argyrops is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the coasts of Indian Ocean and near Australia.
Chrysoblephus anglicus, the Englishman seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to Southern Africa.
Chrysoblephus cristiceps, the daggerhead seabream or dageraad, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean and southeastern Atlantic Ocean off South Africa. This species is assessed as being Critically Endangered bt the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Chrysoblephus lophus, the false red stumpnose or the false Englishman, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is endemic to the South African waters of the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Pachymetopon is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The species in this genus are endemic to Southern Africa.