Chrysoblephus gibbiceps

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Chrysoblephus gibbiceps
Chrysoblephus gibbiceps1.jpg
Chrysoblephus gibbiceps P4110448.JPG
Old (above), young (below)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Spariformes
Family: Sparidae
Genus: Chrysoblephus
Species:
C. gibbiceps
Binomial name
Chrysoblephus gibbiceps
(Valenciennes, 1830)
Synonyms [2]
  • Chrysophrys gibbicepsValenciennes, 1830

Chrysoblephus gibbiceps, the red stumpnose, red stumpnose seabream or Miss Lucy, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off the coast of South Africa. The International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies this species as Endangered.

Contents

Taxonomy

Chrysoblephus gibbiceps was first formally described in 1830 as Chrysophrys gibbiceps by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes with its type localitygiven as the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. [3] In 1839 William John Swainson classified Valenciennes' C. gibbericeps in a new subgenus of Chrysophrys he called Chrysoblephus and named it as its only species, making this species the type species of Chrysoblephus by monotypy. [4] The genus Chrysoblephus is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World . [5] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae, [6] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae. [5]

Etymology

Chrysoblephus gibbiceps has the specific name gibbiceps, which is a combination of gibbus, meaning "hump", with ceps. which means "head". This is a reference to the bulbous forehead in adult males of this species. [7]

Description

Chrysoblephus gibbiceps has a deep and compressed body, its standard length is between 2 and 2.4 times its depth. The dorsal fin is supported by 11 or 12 spines and 10 or 11 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and between 7 and 9 soft rays. The dorsal profile of thehead is very steep between the snout and the nostrils. As they grow a bulge develeops in the are between the eyes and in large adults their is a large hump on the nape, creating a protruding forehead. It has a reddish orange body with golden flecks, slightly lighter in colour ventrally, with between 5 and 7 indistinct vertical red bars and a lot of irregularly shaped dark spots on the upper body. [8] The red stumpnose seabream has a maximum published total length of 75 cm (30 in), although 50 cm (20 in) is more typical. [2]

Distribution and habitat

Chrysoblephus gibbiceps is found in the extreme south eastern Atlantic and the southwestern Indian Ocean off the southern costats of South Africa between False Bay and East London, with records as far north as Margate, South Africa, although these may be misidentifications of similar species such as C. anglicus . [1] This species occurs in coastal waters at depths between 10 and 100 m (33 and 328 ft). [8] The adults are found on offshore reefs while the juveniles shoal over rocky reefs in shallow water. [1]

Biology

Chrysoblephus gibbiceps, unlike some of its congeners, appears to be gonochoristic, not hermaphroditic. They spawn from October to January, peaking in December at the Agulhas Bank. [1] Males have a very low gonadosomatic index (GSI) of 1.6% and this suggests that they are polygamous and that they compete with other males for access to females. [9] It is a predator on benthic organisms and it has been recorded feeding on crustaceans, molluscs and small fishes, [8] although its main prey are brittle stars. [9] Adults are territorial, but will aggregate to spawn, when they come inshore. [10] The monogenean Anoplodiscus cirrusspiralis is an ectoparasite of this species. [2]

Fisheries and conservation

Chrysoblephus gibbiceps is regarded as a highly palatable food fish. [8] It has been targeted by commercial fisheries on the Agulhas Bank [1] and in False Bay. [8] It is also pursued by recreational anglers. Bag and size limits have been imposed, [1] but the stock has been described as having collapsed due to overfishing. [9] The IUCN classify this fish as Endangered. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sparidae</span> Family of fishes

Sparidae is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes, the sea breams and porgies, although they were traditionally classified in the order Perciformes. They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters around the world and are demersal carnivores.

<i>Calamus</i> (fish) Genus of fishes

Calamus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. Most of the species in this genus are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean, with 2 species occurring in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Acanthopagrus schlegelii</i> Species of fish

Acanthopagrus schlegelii, the blackhead seabream, black porgy or black seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the Western Pacific Ocean. The blackhead seabream is an important species in commercial fisheries, particularly in Vietnam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sheepshead porgy</span> Species of fish

The sheepshead porgy, also known as the littlemouth porgy or speckled porgy, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Acanthopagrus latus</i> Species of fish

Acanthopagrus latus, the yellowfin seabream, grey bream, Houttuyn's yellowfin seabream, Japanese bream or yellow-finned black porgy, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Argyrops spinifer</i> Species of fish

Argyrops spinifer, the king soldierbream, Bowen snapper, long-spined red bream, longfin snapper, longspine seabream and red bokako, It is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae. This species is found in the Indian Ocean.

<i>Boops</i> Genus of fishes

Boops is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. There are two species in this genus, one in the Western Atlantic and Mediterranean, and the other in the Western Indian Ocean.

<i>Chrysoblephus laticeps</i> Species of seabream endemic to southern Africa

Chrysoblephus laticeps, also known as the red roman or roman seabream, is a species of sea bream from southern Africa, ranging from Namibia to the Eastern Cape. There are also old records from Madagascar and Mauritius, but the validity of these is doubtful. This demersal fish grows to a maximum length of 50 centimetres (20 in) and a recorded mass of 4.2 kilograms (9.3 lb). It is a slow-growing species showing late sexual maturity, and is closely related to the Red Stumpnose. It is found above rocky bottoms and reefs, in water up to 100 metres (330 ft) in depth and is often caught from the beach by anglers. Juveniles mature in seaweed beds and feed on mollusks, crustaceans, worms and fish. Adults are benthic feeders, living on crustaceans, sea urchins and polychaete worms.

<i>Gymnocranius</i> Genus of fishes

Gymnocranius is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. These fishes are found in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Acanthopagrus</i> Genus of fishes

Acanthopagrus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Acanthopagrus berda</i> Species of fish

Acanthopagrus berda, the goldsilk seabream, sly bream, picnic seabream, black sea bream, black porgy, picky bream, silver bream or river bream, is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. This species is found in the Indian Ocean.

<i>Cheimerius</i> Genus of fishes

Cheimerius is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. The only species in the genus is Cheimerius nufar, the santer seabream, santer or soldier, of the Indian Ocean.

<i>Argyrozona</i> Carpenter seabream, a fish in the family Sparidae

Argyrozona is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and progies. Its only species is Argyrozona argyrozona, the carpenter seabream or doppie, which is endemic to the waters off southern South Africa.

<i>Argyrops</i>

Argyrops is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the coasts of Indian Ocean and near Australia.

<i>Chrysoblephus anglicus</i> Species of seabream endemic to South Africa

Chrysoblephus anglicus, the Englishman seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to Southern Africa.

<i>Chrysoblephus</i> Genus of fish

Chrysoblephus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the western Indian Ocean and southeastern Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Chrysoblephus cristiceps</i> Species of fish

Chrysoblephus cristiceps, the daggerhead seabream or dageraad, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean and southeastern Atlantic Ocean off South Africa. This species is assessed as being Critically Endangered bt the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

<i>Boopsoidea</i> Species of sea breeam (fish)

Booposoidea is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. The only species in the genus is Boopsoidea inornata, the Fransmadam or Karel grootoog, which is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off South Africa.

<i>Acanthopagrus bifasciatus</i> Species of fish

Acanthopagrus bifasciatus, the twobar seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. This species is found in the northwestern Indian Ocean.

Argyrops filamentosus, the soldierbream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the Western Indian Ocean.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mann, B.Q.; Buxton C.D.; Pollard, D. & Carpenter, K.E. (2014). "Chrysoblephus gibbiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T170256A1302981. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170256A1302981.en . Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Chrysoblephus gibbiceps" in FishBase. October 2023 version.
  3. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Chrysoblephus". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  4. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sparidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  5. 1 2 Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  6. ↑ Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
  7. ↑ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Yukio Iwatsuki and Phillip C Heemstra (2022). "Family Sparidae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; and John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 284–315. ISBN   978-1-990951-32-9.
  9. 1 2 3 Attwood, CG; Dawson, ME; Kerwath, Sven & Wilke, C. (2019). "Life history, distribution and seasonal movements of a threatened South African endemic seabream, Chrysoblephus gibbiceps". African Journal of Marine Science. 41: 395–411. doi:10.2989/1814232X.2019.1686423.
  10. ↑ Francis Beukes (November 2020). "Catching Miss Lucy". Ski Boat. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
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