Church of St. Luke and St. Matthew (Brooklyn)

Last updated

St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church
Church of St. Luke and St. Matthew from north.jpg
(2013)
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Location520 Clinton Ave.
Brooklyn, New York City
Coordinates 40°40′58″N73°58′1″W / 40.68278°N 73.96694°W / 40.68278; -73.96694
Built1888–1891
Architect John Welch
Architectural style Romanesque Revival
NRHP reference No. 82003364 [1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPSeptember 16, 1982
Designated NYCLMay 12, 1981

The Church of St. Luke and St. Matthew is a historic Episcopal church at 520 Clinton Avenue between Fulton Street and Atlantic Avenue in the Clinton Hill neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. This congregation was founded as St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church in 1842 following the failure of Trinity Church, which had been consecrated in the same building on June 1, 1835, by Bishop Onderdonk of the Diocese of Long Island. [2] The founding of a church in this location resulted from the expansion of Brooklyn beyond initial European settlement in Brooklyn Heights. The building was constructed on a property consisting of eight city lots donated by George W. Pine. [3]

Contents

The congregation's building eventually grew to be the largest in the Episcopal Diocese of Long Island. [4] It merged with the St. Matthew's Episcopal Church in 1943, and the Church of St. Michael and St. Mark in 1993.

Church building

1835 building

The original building of St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church on Clinton Avenue was constructed in 1835 by Elias Combs, building and hardware merchant, Trinity Church. [5] His widow charged in 1846 that Mr. Combs had not been paid for the construction of this building. She stated that when Trinity Church declared bankruptcy around 1841, and had their mortgage foreclosed on and subsequently dissolved, this allowed the building to be purchased below market value by a new church organization incorporated as "St. Luke's Church" which no longer had any record of debt to Mr. Combs or his widow. [5] [6] Mrs. Combs' accusation was confirmed by other Episcopalian churches in Brooklyn, as well as by a local Brooklyn judge. [5]

St. Luke's Church released a statement in response to this, claiming that there had been no malicious attempt to allow mortgage foreclosure in order to avoid paying the builder, but rather that the entire situation had occurred through mismanagement of Trinity Church. The church also stated that, after purchasing the building, St. Luke's Church had offered Mrs. Combs compensation by giving her one of the best pews in the church as well as a deed to the vault containing her late husband's remains. [7]

A fire was attempted on the building on June 27, 1846 but was detected before any major damage was caused, [8] and a $200 reward was offered by the Mayor of Brooklyn for conviction of the perpetrators. [9] [10] The steeple of the church was struck by lightning in 1856, tearing away woodwork but not causing structural damage. [11] [12]

Major repairs and alterations in 1880 included an enlarged vestibule and new front porch; altered shape of the gallery; and transformation of the old rectory into a parish hall. [13] In 1881, an anonymous donor provided funding for a new chapel and Sunday school building behind the main church edifice, on Vanderbilt Avenue. [14] This new chapel was consecrated in October 1882. [15]

In 1883, the congregation expanded its property holdings along Clinton Avenue, purchasing the house at 520 Clinton Ave, adjacent to its parish building, as a home for the rector.

A major fire in November 1887, [16] following all of this expansion [17] and caused by a defective furnace duct, [18] resulted in the destruction of the organ and altar as well as the chancel of the original church; [18] the original building remained intact in spite of damage, however, and continued to be used for Sunday services while a new Sunday school building and parish hall were built. [19]

1888 building

The church building in 1888. St Lukes Protestant Episcopal Church 1888.jpg
The church building in 1888.

The church's current building at 520 Clinton Avenue in Brooklyn, New York was built in 1888–91 and was designed by John Welch [20] in the Romanesque Revival style. [21] [22] The AIA Guide to New York City describes the building's "great facade" as "Eclecticism gone berserk," [21] while the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission's Guide to New York City Landmarks calls it "one of the grandest ecclesiastical buildings in Brooklyn." [23] The building was designated a New York City Landmark in 1981 [23] and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. [1]

The construction of this building, following the 1887 fire, included a new $6,000 organ that was donated by a congregation member and installed in 1889, [24] as well as a new Sunday school building and parish hall. After this initial construction was completed and the church could use these buildings for services, the old stone church which had been damaged in the fire was dismantled and a new building, completed in 1891 and seating 1,500 people, was erected. [18] This construction project resulted in a mortgage that was still $33,000 in 1892, and was paid off by 1896 due to the fundraising efforts of its members. [25] Most of the windows in the nave were also installed in 1896, and were crafted by Tiffany. The rose window was installed in 1890 as a gift from the Sunday school children. [20]

A major fire in 1914 destroyed the interior of this building and caused sections of the roof to collapse, [26] but the outer walls remained intact. [27] Damage was estimated at $300,000. [28]

1915 reconstruction

Following the March 1914 fire, the church was reconstructed using the outer walls of the former building, largely along the same design as the original but with an enlarged Sunday school and redesigned parish hall. The building remained under heavy scaffolding for the following year [29] and reopened on September 19, 1915 in time for re-consecration on October 19, 1915. [30] The organ was rebuilt in Hagerston, Maryland, and was designed to be the largest in the city, [30] with four manuals and sixty stops. [31] [32]

2010s fire and restoration

In the early morning of December 23, 2012, the building was damaged by a fire. [33] [34] Damage was contained largely to the foyer and entry doors, [35] and the church facade. [36]

Funding from a Department of Environmental Protection Green Infrastructure Grant allowed for 2017 improvements to the front sidewalk area of the church, with installation of a rain garden and permeable pavement project to capture rain runoff. [37] In 2018, the church began work to sell air rights for construction of a nearby residential high rise, with proceeds from the sale paying for facade reconstruction and other repairs and improvements on the aging building in keeping with its Landmark status. [38] [39] Rezoning for this project was approved in 2019. [40]

Church activities

Free Church status

While the congregation of St. Luke's experienced financial difficulty from its outset from purchasing a building, its debts of over $12,000 were paid off by 1864 [41] and, in 1869, St. Luke's became what was known as a "free church", [18] which is to say that no pews were rented, and anyone could attend for free. [13] St. Lukes was viewed as "a most remarkable example of the success of the free church system". [42]

Creation of additional Brooklyn churches

In 1883, St. Luke's decided to expand its work by setting up a chapel at another location in Brooklyn; in May 1884, this was established as St. Luke's Chapel in a former Congregational Church building on Pacific Street near Bedford Avenue. [16] St. Lukes Church worked to erect a new building in 1886, [43] and it eventually became an independent parish as St. Bartholomew's Church. [16]

Music

The church established a choir from very early on; in 1865, they were operating under organist and choirmaster H. Hamilton. [44] In November 1865, women of the church organized a fair to raise funds for the organ. [45] By January 1866, a new organ had been installed and a concert was held with the choir of Trinity Church, New York, to dedicate it. [46] [47] This organ, built by R. Widmer of Brooklyn, was at the time one of the largest in the city. [48] It underwent extensive repairs in 1879. [49] The church boasted three choirs—a church choir, chapel choir, and Sunday school choir—by 1885. [50] Charles O. Banks was appointed choirmaster and organist in 1924. [51] While music had been part of parish life before Mr. Banks appointment to this position, he was known for his skill as organist and for the regular series of organ recitals organized by him at St. Luke's. [52] Banks also oversaw the creation of a Choir Alumni association in 1938. [53]

Merger of St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church with St. Matthew's Episcopal Church

St. Matthew Episcopal Church. St. Matthew Church.jpg
St. Matthew Episcopal Church.

In 1943, St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church was merged by order of the New York Supreme Court with St. Matthew's Episcopal Church, [54] [55] originally of Throop Avenue and then, after the merger with the Church of the Epiphany, of Tompkins Ave. at McDonough Street. [56] The merged churches, under the name of the Church of St. Luke and St. Matthew, continued to worship in the building of St. Luke's on Clinton Ave. with Charles Banks as organist. [54] [56] St. Matthew's Church brought a stained glass window of the Apostle Matthew from its previous building, which was installed in the chapel of the present building. [20]

While this merger is credited to decreased attendance and shifting neighborhood populations, [54] St. Matthew's Episcopal Church had also been embroiled in deep public controversy after its former rector, William S. Blackshear, stated explicitly in local press that the church wanted to remain white and was not interested in attracting any people of color from the neighborhood's changing population. [57] [58] While Rev. Blackshear's vestry stood by this opinion, [58] he was deeply criticized by both the bishop of the Diocese as well as by William Pickens [58] and James Weldon Johnson [59] of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Occupy Sandy

The Church of St. Luke and St. Matthew building served as Brooklyn headquarters for Occupy Sandy relief efforts, [60] with volunteers using the space to collect and sort material to aid Hurricane Sandy victims. [35] [36] [61]

In 2015, the congregation of the nearby Church of the Redeemer merged with the Church of St. Luke and St. Matthew after the sale of its building. [62]

Clergy

Notable burials

General Gilbert Reid Jr., Brigadier General of the 44th Brigade, [78] was interred in the family vault of the previous church building on June 18, 1845. [79] In 1853, a proposal was made and adopted to immediately cease interment of remains in the church vaults, for public health reasons. [80] [81] [82]

See also

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References

Notes

  1. 1 2 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Old Time Sketches". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 10, 1879. p. 3. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  3. ↑ "St. Luke's Church is Hill Landmark". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 25, 1931. p. 19. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  4. ↑ "A Continuing Commitment To Our Sacred Trust", StLukeandStMatthew.org, retrieved February 16, 2011
  5. 1 2 3 "A Hard Case". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 26, 1846. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  6. ↑ "Case of Mrs. Combs". Brooklyn Evening Star. June 29, 1846. p. 2. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  7. ↑ "St. Luke's Church". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 2, 1846. p. 2. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  8. ↑ "Incendarism". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 27, 1846. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  9. ↑ "City Intelligence". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 30, 1846. p. 2. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  10. ↑ "Proclamation". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. July 3, 1846. p. 2. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  11. ↑ "The Storm". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. July 31, 1856. p. 2. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  12. ↑ "Damage by the storm". Brooklyn Evening Star. July 31, 1856. p. 3. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  13. 1 2 "St. Luke's Church". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 7, 1880. p. 3. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  14. ↑ "Gift of a New Chapel and Sunday School Building on Vanderbuilt Avenue". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. January 20, 1881. p. 2. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  15. ↑ "Consecration at St. Luke's Church". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 17, 1882. p. 4. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  16. 1 2 3 "The Stone Set on which St. Luke's Church Will Be Reared". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 10, 1890. p. 1. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  17. ↑ "Will worship in the old edifice". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 3, 1888. p. 5. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  18. 1 2 3 4 "St. Luke and St. Matthew Episcopal Church – Brooklyn, New York". www.nycago.org. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  19. ↑ "Dr. Bradley in Brooklyn". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 8, 1888. p. 2. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  20. 1 2 3 Cook, Terri (May 21, 2013). Sacred havens of Brooklyn: Spiritual Places & Peaceful Grounds. Charleston, South Carolina. p. 77. ISBN   978-1-62584-051-6. OCLC   864006877.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  21. 1 2 White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19538-386-7. p.644
  22. ↑ Andrew S. Dolkart; Anne B. Covell (June 1981). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved February 20, 2011.See also: "Accompanying seven photos". Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2011.
  23. 1 2 New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S.; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN   978-0-470-28963-1. p.245
  24. ↑ "Re-opening of St. Luke's". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. September 18, 1899. p. 14. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  25. ↑ "In the religious field". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 17, 1896. p. 5. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  26. ↑ "St. Luke's Church Thrice Fire Victim". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 10, 1914. p. 2. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  27. ↑ "St. Luke's Organ has Life! To Peal Again". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 11, 2014. p. 5. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  28. ↑ "St. Luke's P.E. Church Reconstructed". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. September 20, 1915. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  29. ↑ "St. Luke's Church as it Appears Today". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 24, 1915. p. 21. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  30. 1 2 "Completing St. Luke's". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 9, 1915. p. 20. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  31. ↑ "Organ Recital at St. Luke's Church". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 13, 1916. p. 17. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  32. ↑ "St. Luke and St. Matthew Episcopal Church – Brooklyn, New York". www.nycago.org. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
  33. ↑ 2-alarm historic church fire called 'suspicious' WABC-TV
  34. ↑ Corcoran, Cate (December 24, 2012). "Suspicious Fire Damages Clinton Hill Church". Brownstoner. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  35. 1 2 Goodman, J. David (December 24, 2012). "Fire Damages Church of St. Luke and St. Matthew in Brooklyn". The New York Times. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  36. 1 2 "Occupy Sandy Church Hit With 'Suspicious' Fire, Police Say". DNAinfo New York. Archived from the original on October 22, 2018. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  37. ↑ "Brooklyn's Church of St. Luke & St. Matthew Completes Green Infrastructure Project". www.nyc.gov. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
  38. ↑ "Clinton Hill church repairs pitched alongside new Morris Adjmi tower at landmarks". Curbed NY. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  39. ↑ Hubert, Craig (March 14, 2018). "Hot Bird-Replacing Skyscraper Tweaked to Play Nice With Landmarked Clinton Hill Church". Brownstoner. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  40. ↑ "High-rise tower next door to historic Clinton Hill church approved by City Planning Commission". Brooklyn Eagle. February 27, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
  41. ↑ "Church out of debt". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. December 31, 1864. p. 3. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  42. ↑ "Presentation to Dr Van De Water". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 27, 1883. p. 2. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  43. ↑ "Not Half: So Much Building in Brooklyn This June as Last". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 11, 1886. p. 1. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  44. ↑ "Wanted -- For St. Luke's Church". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 24, 1865. p. 3. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  45. ↑ "Fair! For St. Luke's Church Organ Fund". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. November 6, 1865. p. 3. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  46. ↑ "A Choral Celebration". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. January 2, 1866. p. 3. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  47. ↑ "Sacred Concert". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. January 2, 1866. p. 2. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  48. ↑ "St. Luke's Church -- Choral Celebration -- A Crowded House, and Interesting Exercises". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. January 5, 1866. p. 2. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  49. ↑ "St. Luke's Church". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 5, 1879. p. 3. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  50. ↑ "Pastor and people". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. November 29, 1885. p. 4. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  51. ↑ "New Organist at St. Luke's". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 4, 1924. p. 9. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  52. ↑ "74th Organ Recital at St. Luke's". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. April 3, 1937. p. 6. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  53. ↑ "New Choir Alumni St. Luke's Church". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. November 5, 1938. p. 5. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  54. 1 2 3 "Court Order Merges Two Boro Churches". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 18, 1943. p. 8. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  55. ↑ "EPISCOPAL CHURCHES MERGE IN BROOKLYN; St. Luke's and St. Matthew's Worship Together Sunday". The New York Times. March 18, 1943. ProQuest   106489984.
  56. 1 2 3 "Bishop Will Install Mr. Putnam as Rector of Merged Churches". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. April 3, 1943. p. 8. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  57. ↑ "Blackshear hit for negro 'ban' at St. Matthew's". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. September 17, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  58. 1 2 3 "Vestry Expected to Back Rector in Negro Edict". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. September 19, 1929. p. 3. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  59. ↑ "Blackshear Mum as Stires Hits at Ban on Negroes". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. September 24, 1929. p. 7. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  60. ↑ Corcoran, Cate (November 19, 2012). "Occupy Sandy Operations in Pictures". Brownstoner. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  61. ↑ "Into the Storm: Occupy Sandy and the New Sociality of Debt". Is This What Democracy Looks Like?. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  62. 1 2 "General News". The General Theological Seminary. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
  63. ↑ "The Wallabout". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 3, 1879. p. 1. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  64. ↑ "Dr. Diller". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. December 15, 1879. p. 3. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  65. ↑ "Striving for the Faith of the Gospel, First Sermon of St. Luke's New Rector". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. February 2, 1880. p. 8. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  66. ↑ "Dr. Van De Water's Retirement from St. Luke's". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 16, 1887. p. 4. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  67. ↑ "St. Luke's Church and its New Rector". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. February 12, 1888. p. 15. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  68. ↑ "Called to St. Luke's". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 6, 1892. p. 14. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  69. ↑ "Deaths". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. February 6, 1926. p. 3. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  70. ↑ "Honor New Rector at Parish Dinner". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 19, 1926. p. 26. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  71. ↑ The Living Church. Living Church Foundation. 1966.
  72. ↑ "Rev. Michael Sniffen Will Soon Say Farewell To The Church Of St. Luke And St. Matthew". BKLYNER. September 9, 2015. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
  73. ↑ "General News". The General Theological Seminary. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
  74. ↑ Giammona, Craig (May 2014). "The Separation of Church and Real Estate". Bloomberg Businessweek. ProQuest   1525979298.
  75. ↑ "The Episcopal Diocese of Long Island: The Rev. Julie Hoplamazian featured speaker at 2017 Women in Ministry Conference". www.dioceseli.org. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
  76. ↑ "Who We Are | The Church of St. Luke and St. Matthew". July 3, 2019. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
  77. ↑ "Bye bye Hot Bird, hello high rise". Brooklyn Eagle. April 2, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
  78. ↑ "The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 09 Aug 1845, page Page 2". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 9, 1845. p. 2. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  79. ↑ "Military Funeral". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 19, 1845. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  80. ↑ "Common Council". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 21, 1853. p. 2. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  81. ↑ "Common Council". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 21, 1853. p. 2. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  82. ↑ "In Common Council". Brooklyn Evening Star. April 24, 1849. p. 2. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
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