Cissus alata | |
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Cissus alata leaves | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Vitales |
Family: | Vitaceae |
Genus: | Cissus |
Species: | C. alata |
Binomial name | |
Cissus alata | |
Synonyms [1] | |
List
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Cissus alata, commonly known as grape ivy, grape leaf ivy, oak leaf ivy, or Venezuela treebine, [2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Vitaceae native to the tropical Americas. [3] Under its synonym Cissus rhombifolia, it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [4] [5] The species name 'alata' means winged. [2]
It is a 3–5 meter high vine with sulcate stems, angled to rarely winged young stems, and translucent trichomes with rusty septa. Long, simple, and hairy trichomes are sometimes mixed with glandular-tipped trichomes. The shoots branch and become woody over time. Young shoots, petioles, and undersides of leaves are covered with brown, delicate hairs.
The toothed leaves are trifoliolate, oak-shaped, dark green, and papery, with simple hairy trichomes. The undersides show nerves often flattened and forming structures similar to domatia, but without a concentration of trichomes. The leaf blades (at least adaxially) have brown to green tones when dry. Terminal leaflets are elliptic or rhombic, (2.3–) 6.8–16.5 cm long and (0.8–) 2–9 cm wide, apex acute to acuminate, base cuneate, petiole 0–20 mm long, lateral leaflets inequilateral, elliptic or ovate, apex acute or obtuse, base oblique-rounded.
Inflorescences 2.5–5.3 cm long, with pedicels 1.5–4 mm long, flowers cream, yellow, yellow-green or reddish; calyx cup-shaped, basally with hispidulous, rusty, short and thick trichomes mixed with glandular-tipped trichomes and apically granular, apex truncated; corolla in bud 1.5–2.5 mm long, glabrous to papillate (puberulent), apex rounded. Fruit obovoid, 7–9 mm long, purplish to black; seed 1, obovoid, 6–7 mm long. [2]
It is native to the New World tropics, in countries such as Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá, Peru, Trinidad-Tobago, and Venezuela. [1]
Relatively easy to grow, the plant prefers semi-shaded places in subtropical climates, without direct sun. The soil should be kept moist as the plant prefers moisture, although it can tolerate low humidity and heavy shade. [2] It prefers summer temperatures between 15–24 °C, and in winter it tolerates temperatures down to 8 °C. Fertilization should be done moderately, and only in summer. It reproduces easily by top cuttings from adult shoots. As a houseplant, it usually does not bloom or bear fruit, but rather leaves and slightly hanging shoots. [2]
The popular cultivar in cultivation is 'Ellen Danica,' which has more strongly indented, larger, and therefore more decorative leaves. [6] It is to be distinguished from the diamond-shaped leaved Rhoicissus rhomboidea by its oak-shaped leaves, although the two species names have been misapplied for each other. [7]
It is susceptible to pests such as leafspots, mildews, mealybugs, scales, spider mites, mites, and thrips. [2]
Trichomes are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant is an indumentum, and the surface bearing them is said to be pubescent.
Hedera, commonly called ivy, is a genus of 12–15 species of evergreen climbing or ground-creeping woody plants in the family Araliaceae, native to Western Europe, Central Europe, Southern Europe, Macaronesia, northwestern Africa and across central-southern Asia east to Japan and Taiwan. Several species are cultivated as climbing ornamentals, and the name ivy especially denotes common ivy, known in North America as "English ivy", which is frequently planted to clothe brick walls.
Psychotria viridis, also known as chacruna, chacrona, or chaqruy in the Quechua languages, is a perennial, shrubby flowering plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae. It is a close relative of Psychotria carthagenensis of Ecuador. It is commonly used as an ingredient of ayahuasca, a decoction with a long history of its entheogenic use and its status as a "plant teacher" among the Indigenous peoples of the Amazon rainforest.
Kalanchoe beharensis is a plant species in the succulent genus Kalanchoe, and the family Crassulaceae. Kalanchoe beharensis is native to Madagascar known by local names mongy, rongy and tavitavy.
Prostanthera incisa, commonly known as cut-leaf mint-bush or native thyme, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is an erect, strongly aromatic, openly branched shrub with hairy, densely glandular branches, egg-shaped to oblong leaves, and pale mauve to mauve flowers.
Acalypha rhomboidea is a plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.
Brunfelsia pauciflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Solanaceae, the nightshades. It is endemic to Brazil, and it is grown in cultivation. A shrubby perennial plant grown in gardens, its common names include today, tomorrow together, yesterday, today and tomorrow, morning-noon-and-night, kiss me quick, and Brazil raintree.
Ampelocissus xizangensis is a deciduous vine in the family Vitaceae, native to shrublands in the high valleys of the Tibet Autonomous Region and Nepal, at elevations about 2000 m high.
Brunfelsia latifolia, commonly known as yesterday-today-tomorrow and kiss me quick, is a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family. Endemic to Brazil, it is an evergreen shrub that becomes semi-deciduous in cooler areas and grows up to 1.8 meters in height.
Rhoicissus rhomboidea, also known as the glossy forest grape, glossy wild grape, ropewood, bastard forest grape and grape ivy, is an evergreen climbing plant in the family Vitaceae that is native to the eastern forests of southern Africa.
Quercus parvula, the Santa Cruz Island oak, is an evergreen red oak found on north-facing Santa Cruz Island slopes and in the California Coast Ranges from Santa Barbara County north to Mendocino County. It was taxonomically combined with Quercus wislizeni until resurrected as a separate species by Kevin Nixon in 1980. The type locality of Q. parvula var. shrevei is Palo Colorado Canyon in Monterey County. It is placed in Quercus section Lobatae.
Clematicissus opaca, called small-leaf grape, pepper vine, small-leaved water vine, yaloone and wappo wappo, is a small vine endemic to Australia. Pepper vine is naturally found in rocky locales in monsoon forest, littoral rainforest and open forest, and is occasionally grown as a garden plant. The plant is primarily restricted to coastal and sub-coastal regions in Queensland and New South Wales, although it does occur inland, west of the Great Dividing Range, in central New South Wales,
Drosera kaieteurensis is a plant from the sundew family (Droseraceae).
Pearl bodies are small, lustrous, pearl-like food bodies produced from the epidermis of leaves, petioles and shoots of certain plants. They are rich in lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, and are sought after by various arthropods and ants, that carry out vigorous protection of the plant against herbivores, thus functioning as a biotic defence. They are globose or club-shaped on short peduncles, easily detached from the plant, and are food sources in the same sense as Beltian bodies, Müllerian bodies, Beccarian bodies, coccid secretions and nectaries. They occur in at least 19 plant families (1982) with tropical and subtropical distribution.
Epacris rhombifolia commonly known as mountain coral heath, is a plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an erect, multi-stemmed shrub with broad, rhombic leaves and white flowers with four petals, the flowers spreading down the branches. It only grows in wet, subalpine heath and is sometimes regarded as a variety of Epacris microphylla.
Harpullia alata, commonly known as winged tulip or wing-leaved tulip, is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves, the leaflets elliptic with teeth on the edges, white flowers and capsules containing a seed with a yellow to reddish aril.
Physalis latiphysa is a herbaceous plant that grows to a height of 30 to 45 cm. The shoot axis is densely hairy with multicellular, glandular trichomes. The leaves are silky and hairy, 5.5 to 16.0 cm long, with petioles 2.5 to 7.5 cm and leaf blades 3.0 to 8.5 cm. The leaf blade has a width of 1.5 to 7.0 cm, the tip is tapering, the base is blunt, rarely skewed by up to 3 mm. The leaf margin is entire or rarely serrated with up to four teeth per side.
Corybas obscurus is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. It has a solitary heart-shaped leaf and a deep crimson or nearly black flower and is part of the Corybas trilobus aggregate.
Pehria is a monotypic genus of plant in family Lythraceae. It has one known synonym, GrisleaLoefl.. The genus just contains one known species, Pehria compacta(Rusby) Sprague
Quercus opaca is a species of evergreen shrub in the genus Quercus. It is native to northeastern and central Mexico.
Synonyms; Cissus rhomboidea