| Cleome ornithopodioides | |
|---|---|
 | |
| bird spiderflower | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Brassicales |
| Family: | Cleomaceae |
| Genus: | Cleome |
| Species: | C. ornithopodioides |
| Binomial name | |
| Cleome ornithopodioides | |
Cleome ornithopodioides or bird spiderflower is the type species of the genus Cleome which is part of the family Cleomaceae or Brassicaceae. The species epithet means "birds-foot like" (ornithopodi + oides). [1] [2]
Cleome ornithopodioides is an annual plant growing to a height of .3 m. [3]
Flowers possess both male and female reproductive organs. [3]
The first samples of bird spiderflower to arrive in Europe came from explorations of the area called the Levant and were successfully cultivated by James Sherard in 1732. [4]
Joseph Pitton de Tournefort named the Claude Aubriet illustration of C. ornithopodioidesSinapistrum Orientale in the 1700 Institutiones rei herbariæ. [5] Being named before the 1753 Species plantarum disqualifies the name from being considered to be a synonym. [6]
When Carl Linnaeus first published this species with its current name in his 1753 Species plantarum [7] he referenced descriptions of Sinapistrum Ornithopodiisiliquis found in Johann Christian Buxbaum's herbarium Plantarum minus cognitarum centuria, that was published posthumously by Johann Georg Gmelin in 1728, [8] Johann Jacob Dillenius's 1732 Hortus Ethamensis. [9] a collection whose list was published in 1907 by George Claridge Druce [10] and also the description he wrote of Cleome ornithopodioides in his own Hortus Cliffortianus from 1737 [11] and of Sinapestrum orientale triphyllum from his 1748 Hortus Upsaliensis. [12]
In 1754 when Philip Miller described the genus Sinapistrum in The Gardeners Dictionary, he described the species with English words "Three-leav'd Eastern Sinapistrum, with Birds-foot-pods" and called it by the Latin name Sinapistrum Oriental triphyllum as it had been assigned by Tournefort who had described it before him. [13]
Native to the area of the eastern Mediterranean, [4] C. ornithopodioides was described in 1865 as living in the wild along with Trifolium stellatum in a fertile valley at the foot of Mount Serbal. [14]
Philip Miller wrote of the ease of cultivation of C. ornithopodioides in his 1754 The Gardeners Dictionary: "...will thrive in open Air; so the Seeds of this may be sown on a Bed of light Earth in April (late Spring), where the Plants are to remain; and will require no other Culture, but to keep them clear from Weeds: in June (early Summer) they will flower, and the Seeds will ripen in August (late Summer); and the Plants will soon after perish." [15]
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