Clitoria mariana

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Clitoria mariana
Clitoria Mariana - Atlantic Pigeon Wings.jpg
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Genus: Clitoria
Species:
C. mariana
Binomial name
Clitoria mariana
L.
Synonyms [1] [2]

Martiusia mariana(L.) Small
Nauchea mariana(L.) Descourt.
Ternatea mariana(L.) Kuntze
Vexillaria mariana(L.) Raf. Eaton

Contents

Clitoria mariana, known by the common names butterfly pea and Atlantic pigeon wings, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the pea family, Fabaceae. The plant is native to the United States.

Description

Botanical illustration of Clitoria mariana (1913) Clitoria mariana L. Atlantic pigeonwings.tiff
Botanical illustration of Clitoria mariana (1913)
Watercolor of Clitoria mariana by Mary Vaux Walcott (1934, Smithsonian American Art Museum collection). Clitoria mariana by Mary Vaux Walcott 1934.jpg
Watercolor of Clitoria mariana by Mary Vaux Walcott (1934, Smithsonian American Art Museum collection).

The ascending, sometimes twining stem of Clitoria mariana is 45 to 60 centimeters long. The leaves are pinnately trifoliate, borne on petioles with stipules. The thin, smooth or slightly hairy leaflets are ovate, 2.5 to 11 centimeters long, and 1.5 to 5 centimeters wide.

It produces purple flowers in summer. The flowers are axillary, usually solitary, and resupinate. The calyx is tubular. The corolla of the flower is about 5 centimeters long, its wings and keel much shorter than the standard.

The fruit is a linear oblong pod, 25 millimeters long and 5 millimeters wide. [3] [4]

Distribution

The plant is native to the eastern, southern, and central United States west to New Mexico and Arizona. [5] It is also found in Asia, in: Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and southern China (Guangxi, Yunnan). [3]

In the United States it has been recorded in Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Washington, D.C., Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, and West Virginia.

Ecology

It is a larval host to the long-tailed skipper. [6]

Conservation

It is listed as an endangered species by the states of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. [5] The range of Clitoria mariana also includes parts of India, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Chinese provinces of Guangxi, and Yunnan. [3] In Virginia, it grows in habitats such as dry open forests, shale barrens, and rocky or sandy woodlands. [7] The presence of this species is dependent on appropriate habitat, and it may be eliminated from an area by development, changes in land use, or competition with invasive species.

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<i>Phacelia dubia</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Sericocarpus linifolius</i> Species of plant

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<i>Cardamine angustata</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Cardamine douglassii</i> Species of flowering plant in the cabbage family Brassicaceae

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Butterfly pea flower tea</span> Herbal tea

Butterfly pea flower tea, commonly known as blue tea, is a caffeine-free herbal tea, or tisane, beverage made from a decoction or infusion of the flower petals or whole flower of the Clitoria ternatea plant. Clitoria ternatea is also known as butterfly pea, blue pea, Aprajita, Cordofan pea, Blue Tea Flowers or Asian pigeonwings.

References

  1. "Clitoria mariana L." The Plant List. Version 1.1. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
  2. "Clitoria mariana L." World Flora Online . Retrieved March 25, 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 "Clitoria mariana in Flora of China". eFloras.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
  4. Britton, Nathaniel Lord & Brown, Addison (1887). An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian, Volume 2, p. 333. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
  5. 1 2 "Plants Profile for Clitoria mariana (Atlantic pigeonwings)". plants.usda.gov. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
  6. The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
  7. "Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora
    Clitoria mariana L. var. mariana". vaplantatlas.org. Virginia Botanical Associates. (2014). Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora. Retrieved March 25, 2023.