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Turnout | 40.07% (first round) 47.89% (run off) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Winner by department, Second Round | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Colombia |
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Presidential elections were held in Colombia on May 25, 2014. [1] Since no candidate received 50% of the vote in the first round, a run-off between the two candidates with the most votes took place three weeks later on June 15, 2014. [2] According to the official figures released by the National Registry office (Registraduría Nacional), as of May 22, 2014 (the cut-off date to register) 32,975,158 Colombians were registered and entitled to vote in the 2014 presidential election, including 545,976 Colombians resident abroad. [3] [4] Incumbent president Juan Manuel Santos was allowed to run for a second consecutive term. [5] In the first round, Santos and Óscar Iván Zuluaga of the Democratic Center (Centro Democrático) were the two highest-polling candidates and were the contestants in the June 15 run-off. [6] [7] In the second round, Santos was re-elected president, gaining 50.95% of the vote compared with 45.00% for Zuluaga. [8]
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America. Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama, to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru. It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Jamaica, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic. Colombia is a unitary, constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments, with the capital in Bogota.
Juan Manuel Santos Calderón is a Colombian politician. From 2010 to 2018, he was the President of Colombia. He was the sole recipient of the 2016 Nobel Peace Prize.
Óscar Iván Zuluaga Escobar is a Colombian economist and politician who was the Democratic Center's nominee for President of Colombia in the 2014 election. He won the most votes in the first round of the election and but went on to lose to the incumbent Juan Manuel Santos Calderón in the second round.
By law the incumbent president Juan Manuel Santos had to declare before November 25, 2013 (six months before the election date) whether he would stand again for president. There had been speculation that he would not seek re-election: he had come under strong criticism during his first term for not continuing with the strong anti-terrorist measures of his predecessor Álvaro Uribe and for opening peace talks with the FARC guerrilla group, which drew fierce criticism from the still-popular Uribe and a large section of the public, resulting in low popularity ratings. Although his governing National Unity coalition still supported Santos in his re-election bid, there was speculation that other people would stand in his place, such as the Radical Change leader and experienced minister Germán Vargas Lleras, Vice President Angelino Garzón, and the retired head of the police force, General Oscar Naranjo. However, on November 20 Santos publicly declared his intention to stand for election again, citing a successful conclusion to the peace talks as one of the main factors for seeking a second term in office. [9] [10] [11] His candidacy was supported unopposed by all three parties of the governing National Unity coalition: his own Social Party of National Unity, commonly known as "Party of the U"; the Colombian Liberal Party; and Radical Change. The following day Garzón said he would not seek reelection as Vice President in 2014. [9] [12] On February 24, 2014 Santos confirmed that Vargas Lleras would be his running mate for the 2014 election. [13] [14]
Álvaro Uribe Vélez is a Colombian politician who served as the 31st President of Colombia from 7 August 2002 to 7 August 2010.
Radical Change is a political party in Colombia.
Germán Vargas Lleras is a Colombian politician who recently served as Vice President of Colombia under President Juan Manuel Santos Calderón. A member of the Radical Change political party, he served four consecutive terms in the Senate, having been elected in 1994. German Vargas also served in the Cabinet as the Minister of Interior and then as the Minister of Housing, City and Territory. He was elected Vice President of Colombia in 2014, running alongside Juan Manuel Santos who was seeking re-election for a second term as President. On 15 March 2017, Vargas Lleras resigned as Vice President in order to be eligible to run for President in the 2018 Presidential elections.
Unhappy with Santos' more conciliatory approach to the FARC, Álvaro Uribe had left the Party of the U to form the Democratic Center movement in January 2013 along with his former vicepresident Francisco Santos (cousin of president Juan Manuel Santos) and other close allies from the Party of the U. The Democratic Center's convention on October 25–26, 2013 chose economist and ex-minister Óscar Iván Zuluaga as its candidate for the presidential elections, ahead of Francisco Santos and Carlos Holmes Trujillo. [15] [16] On February 28, 2014 Trujillo was named as Zuluaga's vicepresidencial running mate. [17] [18]
Democratic Centre is a conservative political party in Colombia founded by Álvaro Uribe, former President, former Vice President Francisco Santos Calderón and former Finance Minister Óscar Iván Zuluaga. It is a self-described party of the centre, although in opinion groups it is often considered a right-wing party. Iván Duque, the incumbent President of Colombia is a member of the party.
Francisco Santos Calderón, also known as Pacho Santos, is a Colombian politician and journalist. Santos was elected as Álvaro Uribe's second runner up and became Vice President in the Colombian elections of 2002. Santos was re-elected in the presidential elections of 2006 for a second term once again with President Uribe to continue as Vice President of Colombia. His great-uncle Eduardo Santos was President of Colombia from 1938 to 1942 and the succeeding president of Colombia is his cousin.
The Colombian Conservative Party overwhelmingly chose Marta Lucía Ramírez to be its presidential candidate at its convention on January 26, 2014. Ramírez polled 1047 votes from the delegates, comfortably ahead of the other contenders Pablo Victoria with 138 votes and Álvaro Leyva with 84 votes. The convention was a fraught affair, with heated debate between some delegates arguing that the party should support the National Unity coalition and reelection of President Santos, and others who were in favour of the party fielding their own candidate. [19] [20] Ramírez was a defence minister in Álvaro Uribe's government, but left the Party of the U after Santos' election and rejoined the Conservative Party where she had begun her political career, becoming one of Santos' most vocal critics.
The Colombian Conservative Party is a conservative political party in Colombia. The party was formally established in 1849 by Mariano Ospina Rodríguez and José Eusebio Caro.
Martha Lucía Ramírez Blanco is a Colombian lawyer, politician, and the current Vice President of Colombia.
The main socialist opposition party, the Alternative Democratic Pole (PDA), had been split by infighting in the four years since the previous election. Its 2010 election candidate Gustavo Petro had acrimoniously left the party along with his followers after accusing the PDA's Samuel Moreno, then Mayor of Bogota, of corruption, [21] a charge of which Moreno was later found guilty, and removed from his position and jailed. Petro formed the Progressives Movement (Movimiento Progresistas) in 2011 and successfully ran for Mayor of Bogota himself. Another faction of the PDA left to form the Patriotic Course (Marcha Patriótica) movement. The PDA was, however, the first party to confirm its candidate for the 2014 election, choosing its president and former caretaker Mayor of Bogotá Clara López Obregón at its third national congress on November 9, 2012. [22] [23]
The Alternative Democratic Pole is a social democratic and democratic left party in Colombia political party in Colombia.
Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego is a Colombian politician, economist, and presidential candidate who previously served as mayor of Bogotá. As a left-wing politician, Petro was a member of the guerrilla group M-19 in the 1980s, which later evolved into the Alianza Democrática M-19, a political party in which Petro also participated as a member of the national congress in the 1990s. Petro also served as a senator as a member of the Alternative Democratic Pole party following the 2006 legislative elections with the second largest vote in the country. In 2009, he resigned his position to aspire to the presidency of Colombia in the 2010 Colombian presidential election, finishing fourth in the race.
The Green Party had also suffered serious divisions since its surprise second place in the 2010 election. The defeated 2010 presidential candidate Antanas Mockus had resigned from the Green Party in June 2011, opposed to the decision to accept Álvaro Uribe's support for the party's Bogotá mayoral candidate Enrique Peñalosa. [24] [25] On September 25, 2013, after a year of negotiations, the Fourth National Congress of the Green Party confirmed a union with the Progressives Movement of Bogotá mayor Gustavo Petro, with the new name Green Alliance. [26] [27] This new political alliance decided that its candidate for the 2014 elections would be chosen by a national vote on March 9, 2014, the same day as the parliamentary elections. On November 21, 2013 the Green Alliance confirmed that there were six pre-candidates for the position: former Bogotá mayor Enrique Peñalosa, senators John Sudarsky and Camilo Romero, ex-presidential candidate and former FARC hostage Ingrid Betancourt, the Progressives Movement spokesman Antonio Navarro, and indigenous leader Feliciano Valencia. [28] [29] Betancourt, Navarro and Valencia failed to reach the party's "10% recognition amongst Colombians" requirement to stand as a candidate, leaving Peñalosa, Sudarsky and Romero as the three remaining potential candidates. [30] In the election on March 9, 2014 Enrique Peñalosa was elected as the Green Alliance's presidential candidate with 48% of the vote, comfortably ahead of Romero (17%) and Sudarsky (8%). [31] On March 18, 2014 Peñalosa announced that his running mate would be Isabel Segovía, a former deputy minister of education in the Uribe government. [32]
Aurelijus Rūtenis Antanas Mockus Šivickas is a Colombian mathematician, philosopher, and politician. He has a master's degree in philosophy from the Colombian University, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, and a Honoris Causa PhD from L’université de Paris.
Enrique Peñalosa Londoño is a Colombian politician. He was mayor of Bogotá from 1998 until 2001, and was re-elected in 2015 for the 2016–2019 term. He has also worked as a journalist and consultant on urban and transportation policy. In 2009, Peñalosa was elected president of the board of directors of the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP), a non-profit organization headquartered in New York. Peñalosa resigned from the ITDP board in 2015 upon his election.
The far-left Patriotic Union party chose its former president Aída Avella to be its presidential candidate at its fifth national congress on November 16, 2013. Avella had just returned from 17 years in exile in Switzerland after fleeing Colombia in 1996 following an attempt on her life. [33] However, the poor showing of the Patriotic Union in the parliamentary elections (where they failed to win a seat in either house of Congress) led to Avella abandoning her presidential campaign and instead agreeing to unite the Patriotic Front with the Alternative Democratic Pole as a single left-wing opposition alliance, with Avella becoming López's running mate for the presidential election. [34]
The following table shows the confirmed candidates, and the political parties to which they belong:
Candidate | Date of candidature | Alliance | Party |
---|---|---|---|
Juan Manuel Santos | November 20, 2013 | Social Party of National Unity ("Party of the U") | |
Colombian Liberal Party | |||
Radical Change | |||
Clara López Obregón | November 9, 2012 | Alternative Democratic Pole | |
Patriotic Union | |||
Óscar Iván Zuluaga | October 26, 2013 | Democratic Center | |
Marta Lucía Ramírez | January 26, 2014 | Colombian Conservative Party | |
Enrique Peñalosa | March 9, 2014 | Green Alliance | Green Party |
Progressives Movement |
The following table shows the results of opinion polls conducted from November 2013, when most of the presidential candidates had been confirmed, up to May 15, 2014. The table does not include the votes in the earliest polls for potential candidates who subsequently did not stand for election. The two highest scoring candidates in each poll (who would hypothetically go through to the second round of voting) are highlighted, except for the Centro Nacional de Consultoría poll of Jan 17–Feb 7, 2014, where Santos' score of 51% would have been enough to win in the first round.
A notable feature of the early polls was the high percentage of people intending to cast a blank vote (voto en blanco), usually between 20% and 30%. This reflected the widespread dissatisfaction among the Colombian public with all the candidates and the political system in general. After the parliamentary elections and the election of Peñalosa as candidate for the Green Alliance, both of which occurred on March 9, 2014, the polls showed a sharp drop in the percentage of people intending to cast a blank vote.
Date(s) conducted | Polling organisation/client | Sample size | Candidate | Blank vote | Don't know/No response | Margin of error | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
J.M. Santos | O.I. Zuluaga | E. Peñalosa | C. López | M.L. Ramírez | A. Avella | ||||||
Nov 1–6 2013 | Invamer–Gallup Colombia/Caracol Televisión, Blu Radio & major newspapers | 713 | 28.0% | 14.6% | 8.7% | 9.3% | 5.7% | – | 31.9% | 1.9% | 3.7% |
Nov 21–25 2013 | Datexco/El Tiempo & W Radio | 1200 | 36.1% | 11.9% | 6.2% | 6.3% | 1.5% | 0.9% | 20.3% | 11.0% | 2.83% |
Nov 22 2013 | Centro Nacional de Consultoría/CM& | 970 | 41% | 13% | 10% | 5% | 4% | – | 10% | 17% | 3.0% |
Nov 22–23 2013 | Ipsos–Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & Revista Semana | 1225 | 26% | 12% | 4% | 6% | 2% | 1% | 21% | 25% | 2.8% |
Nov 22–27 2013 | Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias | 2500 | 26% | 13% | 5% | 8% | – | 1% | 35% | – | 2.9% |
Dec 2–9 2013 | Invamer–Gallup Colombia/Caracol Televisión, Blu Radio & major newspapers | 756 | 36.0% | 14.2% | 5.1% | 6.2% | 5.8% | 0.9% | 26.4% | 3.7% | 3.6% |
Dec 3–6 2013 | Datexco/El Tiempo & W Radio | 1000 | 28% | 10% | 9% | 8% | 3% | 1% | unknown | unknown | 3.1% |
Jan 16–20 2014 | Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias | 2500 | 26% | 8% | 9% | 7% | – | 1% | 30% | 19% | 2.9% |
Jan 17–Feb 7 2014 | Centro Nacional de Consultoría/CM& | 2378 | 51% | 9% | 12% | 7% | 8% | 3% | 10% | unknown | 2% |
Jan 28–29 2014 | Ipsos–Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & Revista Semana | 1008 | 25% | 8% | 6% | 6% | 4% | 1% | 27% | 23% | 3.1% |
Jan 29–31 2014 | Datexco/El Tiempo & W Radio | 1200 | 24.4% | 7.6% | 7.1% | 6.0% | 7.7% | 0.7% | 30.5% | 14.1% | 2.83% |
Feb 5–9 2014 | Invamer–Gallup Colombia/Caracol Televisión, Blu Radio & major newspapers | 678 | 34.7% | 10.8% | 8.6% | 4.5% | 8.5% | 1.6% | 28.1% | 3.2% | 3.8% |
Feb 10–15 2014 | Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias [ permanent dead link ] | 2500 | 26% | 7% | 6% | 5% | 4% | 1% | 30% | 20% | 2.9% |
Feb 20–24 2014 | Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias | 2500 | 31% | 8% | 9% | 7% | 4% | 1% | 27% | 12% | 2.9% |
Feb 21–24 2014 | Ipsos–Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & Revista Semana | 1201 | 28% | 8% | 5% | 4% | 3% | 2% | 24% | – | 2.8% |
Feb 25–28 2014 | Datexco/El Tiempo y W Radio | 1200 | 24.2% | 6.3% | 6.3% | 4.9% | 4.1% | 3.6% | 41.5% | 8.6% | 2.83% |
Mar 13–14 2014 | Datexco/El Tiempo y W Radio | 1000 | 25.5% | 14.6% | 17.1% | 10.7% | 7.7% | n/a | 16.9% | 7.5% | 3.1% |
Mar 15–17 2014 | Centro Nacional de Consultoría/CM& | 1113 | 30% | 10% | 16% | 10% | 9% | n/a | 8% | 17% | 3.0% |
Mar 13–17 2014 | Invamer–Gallup Colombia/Caracol Televisión, Blu Radio & major newspapers | 1200 | 32.5% | 15.6% | 11.3% | 8.6% | 9.3% | n/a | 19.6% | 2.7% | 3.0% |
Mar 14–16 2014 | Ipsos–Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & Revista Semana | 1233 | 24% | 9% | 8% | 9% | 4% | n/a | 19% | 27% | 2.8% |
Mar 19–22 2014 | Centro Nacional de Consultoría/CM& | 1500 | 27% | 13% | 18% | 10% | 7% | n/a | 8% | 17% | 2.5% |
Mar 21–25 2014 | Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias | 2500 | 23% | 11% | 13% | 9% | 5% | n/a | 26% | 13% | 2.9% |
Apr 21–23 2014 | Ipsos–Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & Revista Semana | 1208 | 23% | 15% | 11% | 6% | 6% | n/a | 14% | 22% | 2.8% |
Apr 21–24 2014 | Datexco/El Tiempo y W Radio | 1974 | 28.3% | 16.0% | 15.7% | 9.6% | 7.2% | n/a | 17.3% | 5.8% | 2.8% |
Apr 23–27 2014 | Invamer–Gallup Colombia/Caracol Televisión, Blu Radio & major newspapers | 1200 | 32.0% | 20.5% | 10.1% | 7.1% | 11.2% | n/a | 15.9% | 3.2% | 3.0% |
Apr 26–28 2014 | Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias | 2500 | 27% | 19% | 10% | 10% | 8% | n/a | 17% | 8% | 2.9% |
May 6–10, 2014 | Centro Nacional de Consultoría/CM& | 1500 | 22% | 24% | 13% | 9% | 9% | n/a | 9% | 14% | 2.5% |
May 9–12, 2014 | Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias | 2762 | 27.7% | 23.9% | 9.7% | 10.0% | 8.7% | n/a | 11.5% | 8.5% | 2.9% |
May 10–13, 2014 | Datexco/El Tiempo y W Radio | 2392 | 27.7% | 25.6% | 9.7% | 9.7% | 9.4% | n/a | 15.0% | 2.9% | 2.8% |
May 10–13, 2014 | Invamer–Gallup Colombia/Caracol Televisión, Blu Radio & major newspapers | 1184 | 29% | 29.3% | 10.6% | 10.9% | 14.4% | n/a | 5.8% | unknown | 3.0% |
May 13–15, 2014 | Ipsos–Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & Revista Semana | 1799 | 28.5% | 29.5% | 9.4% | 10.1% | 9.7% | n/a | 12.8% | unknown | 3.4% |
Date(s) conducted | Polling organisation/client | Sample size | Candidate | Blank vote | Don't know/No response | Margin of error | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Juan Manuel Santos | Óscar Iván Zuluaga | ||||||
May 26–27, 2014 | Centro Nacional de Consultoría/CM& | 1996 | 45% | 47% | 8% | n/a | 2.2% |
May 26–27, 2014 | Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias | 1672 | 38% | 37% | 15% | 10% | 2.9% |
May 31–June 3, 2014 | Invamer–Gallup Colombia/Caracol Televisión, Blu Radio & major newspapers | 1200 | 47.7% | 48.5% | 3.7% | n/a | 3.0% |
May 31–June 3, 2014 | Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias | 3215 | 43.4% | 38.5% | 11.7% | 6.3% | 2.9% |
May 31–June 4, 2014 | Datexco/El Tiempo & W Radio | 1200 | 41.9% | 37.7% | 13.8% | 5.8% | 2.83% |
June 2–4, 2014 | Ipsos–Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & Revista Semana | 1784 | 41% | 49% | 10% | n/a | 2.3% |
Candidates – Parties | First round | Second round | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Juan Manuel Santos – Social Party of National Unity (Partido de «la U») | 3,301,815 | 25.69 | 7,816,986 | 50.95 |
Óscar Iván Zuluaga - Democratic Center (Centro Democrático) | 3,759,971 | 29.25 | 6,905,001 | 45.00 |
Marta Lucía Ramírez – Colombian Conservative Party (Partido Conservador Colombiano) | 1,995,698 | 15.52 | ||
Clara López Obregón – Alternative Democratic Pole (Polo Democrático Alternativo) | 1,958,414 | 15.23 | ||
Enrique Peñalosa - Colombian Green Party (Partido Verde Colombiano) | 1,065,142 | 8.28 | ||
Total votes for candidates | 12,081,040 | 94.01 | 14,721,526 | 95.96 |
Blank votes | 770,610 | 5.99 | 619,396 | 4.03 |
Total valid votes | 12,851,650 | 97.24 | 15,341,383 | 97.12 |
Null votes | 311,758 | 2.35 | 403,405 | 2.55 |
Unmarked ballots | 52,994 | 0.40 | 50,152 | 0.31 |
Turnout | 13,216,402 | 40.07% | 15,794,940 | 47.89% |
Source: Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil, Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil |
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The Social Party of National Unity, or Party of the U is a centrist social liberal political party in Colombia. The Party is led by former president Juan Manuel Santos. It was formerly Colombia's largest political party, in a coalition with the Liberal Party and Radical Change, until it lost 7 seats in the 2018 elections.
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Andrés Felipe Arias Leiva is a Colombian economist, sentenced to 17 years and 4 months of prison for a corruption scandal during his time as Minister of Agriculture. He served as the 8th Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development of Colombia from 2005 to 2009, and was a candidate for the Conservative Party nomination in the 2010 Colombian presidential election, ultimately losing to Noemí Sanín Posada.
María Isabel Mejía Marulanda is a retired Colombian politician and economist. She served in Congress first as Representative for her home department of Risaralda from 1986 to 2002, and then as Senator from 2002 to 2006, and again in 2008 to 2010 in. A longtime Liberal party politician, she left the party in 2005 to form the Social Party of National Unity, a national political party formed by members of both mainstream parties in support of then President Álvaro Uribe Vélez.
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