Colombian presidential election, 2014

Colombian presidential election, 2014

←  2010 May 25, 2014 (first round) June 15, 2014 (second round) 2018  →
Turnout	40.07% (first round) 4.26% 47.89% (run off) 7.82%
Nominee Juan Manuel Santos Óscar Iván Zuluaga Party Party of the U Democratic Center Home state Bogotá Caldas Running mate German Vargas Lleras Carlos Holmes Trujillo Popular vote 7,816,986 6,905,001 Percentage 51.0% 45.0%
Winner by department, Second Round
President before election Juan Manuel Santos Party of the U Elected President Juan Manuel Santos Party of the U

Colombia
This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Colombia
Constitution Constitution of 1991 History
Legislature Congress Senate House of Representatives
Executive President (list) Vice President (list) Council of Ministers
Elections National Electoral Council Recent elections: Presidential: 2010, 2014 Legislative: 2010, 2014
Administrative divisions Departments Municipalities
Major political parties Liberal Party Conservative Party National Unity Radical Change Party Alternative Democratic Pole Green Party MIRA
Related topics Foreign relations Human rights Military Armed conflict (since 1964)
Other countries Atlas
v t e

Presidential elections were held in Colombia on May 25, 2014. ^[1] Since no candidate received 50% of the vote in the first round, a run-off between the two candidates with the most votes took place three weeks later on June 15, 2014. ^[2] According to the official figures released by the National Registry office (Registraduría Nacional), as of May 22, 2014 (the cut-off date to register) 32,975,158 Colombians were registered and entitled to vote in the 2014 presidential election, including 545,976 Colombians resident abroad. ^{[3] [4]} Incumbent president Juan Manuel Santos was allowed to run for a second consecutive term. ^[5] In the first round, Santos and Óscar Iván Zuluaga of the Democratic Center (Centro Democrático) were the two highest-polling candidates and were the contestants in the June 15 run-off. ^{[6] [7]} In the second round, Santos was re-elected president, gaining 50.95% of the vote compared with 45.00% for Zuluaga. ^[8]

Candidates

By law the incumbent president Juan Manuel Santos had to declare before November 25, 2013 (six months before the election date) whether he would stand again for president. There had been speculation that he would not seek re-election: he had come under strong criticism during his first term for not continuing with the strong anti-terrorist measures of his predecessor Álvaro Uribe and for opening peace talks with the FARC guerrilla group, which drew fierce criticism from the still-popular Uribe and a large section of the public, resulting in low popularity ratings. Although his governing National Unity coalition still supported Santos in his re-election bid, there was speculation that other people would stand in his place, such as the Radical Change leader and experienced minister Germán Vargas Lleras, Vice President Angelino Garzón, and the retired head of the police force, General Oscar Naranjo. However, on November 20 Santos publicly declared his intention to stand for election again, citing a successful conclusion to the peace talks as one of the main factors for seeking a second term in office. ^{[9] [10] [11]} His candidacy was supported unopposed by all three parties of the governing National Unity coalition: his own Social Party of National Unity, commonly known as "Party of the U"; the Colombian Liberal Party; and Radical Change. The following day Garzón said he would not seek reelection as Vice President in 2014. ^{[9] [12]} On February 24, 2014 Santos confirmed that Vargas Lleras would be his running mate for the 2014 election. ^{[13] [14]}

Unhappy with Santos' more conciliatory approach to the FARC, Álvaro Uribe had left the Party of the U to form the Democratic Center movement in January 2013 along with his former vicepresident Francisco Santos (cousin of president Juan Manuel Santos) and other close allies from the Party of the U. The Democratic Center's convention on October 25–26, 2013 chose economist and ex-minister Óscar Iván Zuluaga as its candidate for the presidential elections, ahead of Francisco Santos and Carlos Holmes Trujillo. ^{[15] [16]} On February 28, 2014 Trujillo was named as Zuluaga's vicepresidencial running mate. ^{[17] [18]}

The Colombian Conservative Party overwhelmingly chose Marta Lucía Ramírez to be its presidential candidate at its convention on January 26, 2014. Ramírez polled 1047 votes from the delegates, comfortably ahead of the other contenders Pablo Victoria with 138 votes and Álvaro Leyva with 84 votes. The convention was a fraught affair, with heated debate between some delegates arguing that the party should support the National Unity coalition and reelection of President Santos, and others who were in favour of the party fielding their own candidate. ^{[19] [20]} Ramírez was a defence minister in Álvaro Uribe's government, but left the Party of the U after Santos' election and rejoined the Conservative Party where she had begun her political career, becoming one of Santos' most vocal critics.

The main socialist opposition party, the Alternative Democratic Pole (PDA), had been split by infighting in the four years since the previous election. Its 2010 election candidate Gustavo Petro had acrimoniously left the party along with his followers after accusing the PDA's Samuel Moreno, then Mayor of Bogota, of corruption, ^[21] a charge of which Moreno was later found guilty, and removed from his position and jailed. Petro formed the Progressives Movement (Movimiento Progresistas) in 2011 and successfully ran for Mayor of Bogota himself. Another faction of the PDA left to form the Patriotic Course (Marcha Patriótica) movement. The PDA was, however, the first party to confirm its candidate for the 2014 election, choosing its president and former caretaker Mayor of Bogotá Clara López Obregón at its third national congress on November 9, 2012. ^{[22] [23]}

The Green Party had also suffered serious divisions since its surprise second place in the 2010 election. The defeated 2010 presidential candidate Antanas Mockus had resigned from the Green Party in June 2011, opposed to the decision to accept Álvaro Uribe's support for the party's Bogotá mayoral candidate Enrique Peñalosa. ^{[24] [25]} On September 25, 2013, after a year of negotiations, the Fourth National Congress of the Green Party confirmed a union with the Progressives Movement of Bogotá mayor Gustavo Petro, with the new name Green Alliance. ^{[26] [27]} This new political alliance decided that its candidate for the 2014 elections would be chosen by a national vote on March 9, 2014, the same day as the parliamentary elections. On November 21, 2013 the Green Alliance confirmed that there were six pre-candidates for the position: former Bogotá mayor Enrique Peñalosa, senators John Sudarsky and Camilo Romero, ex-presidential candidate and former FARC hostage Ingrid Betancourt, the Progressives Movement spokesman Antonio Navarro, and indigenous leader Feliciano Valencia. ^{[28] [29]} Betancourt, Navarro and Valencia failed to reach the party's "10% recognition amongst Colombians" requirement to stand as a candidate, leaving Peñalosa, Sudarsky and Romero as the three remaining potential candidates. ^[30] In the election on March 9, 2014 Enrique Peñalosa was elected as the Green Alliance's presidential candidate with 48% of the vote, comfortably ahead of Romero (17%) and Sudarsky (8%). ^[31] On March 18, 2014 Peñalosa announced that his running mate would be Isabel Segovía, a former deputy minister of education in the Uribe government. ^[32]

The far-left Patriotic Union party chose its former president Aída Avella to be its presidential candidate at its fifth national congress on November 16, 2013. Avella had just returned from 17 years in exile in Switzerland after fleeing Colombia in 1996 following an attempt on her life. ^[33] However, the poor showing of the Patriotic Union in the parliamentary elections (where they failed to win a seat in either house of Congress) led to Avella abandoning her presidential campaign and instead agreeing to unite the Patriotic Front with the Alternative Democratic Pole as a single left-wing opposition alliance, with Avella becoming López's running mate for the presidential election. ^[34]

The following table shows the confirmed candidates, and the political parties to which they belong:

Candidate	Date of candidature	Alliance	Party
Juan Manuel Santos	November 20, 2013	National Unity	Social Party of National Unity ("Party of the U")
			Colombian Liberal Party
			Radical Change
Clara López Obregón	November 9, 2012	—	Alternative Democratic Pole
			Patriotic Union
Óscar Iván Zuluaga	October 26, 2013	—	Democratic Center
Marta Lucía Ramírez	January 26, 2014	—	Colombian Conservative Party
Enrique Peñalosa	March 9, 2014	Green Alliance	Green Party
			Progressives Movement

Opinion polls

First round

The following table shows the results of opinion polls conducted from November 2013, when most of the presidential candidates had been confirmed, up to May 15, 2014. The table does not include the votes in the earliest polls for potential candidates who subsequently did not stand for election. The two highest scoring candidates in each poll (who would hypothetically go through to the second round of voting) are highlighted, except for the Centro Nacional de Consultoría poll of Jan 17–Feb 7, 2014, where Santos' score of 51% would have been enough to win in the first round.

A notable feature of the early polls was the high percentage of people intending to cast a blank vote (voto en blanco), usually between 20% and 30%. This reflected the widespread dissatisfaction among the Colombian public with all the candidates and the political system in general. After the parliamentary elections and the election of Peñalosa as candidate for the Green Alliance, both of which occurred on March 9, 2014, the polls showed a sharp drop in the percentage of people intending to cast a blank vote.

Date(s) conducted	Polling organisation/client	Sample size	Candidate						Blank vote	Don't know/No response	Margin of error
		J.M. Santos	O.I. Zuluaga	E. Peñalosa	C. López	M.L. Ramírez	A. Avella
Nov 1–6 2013	Invamer–Gallup Colombia/Caracol Televisión, Blu Radio & major newspapers	713	28.0%	14.6%	8.7%	9.3%	5.7%	–	31.9%	1.9%	3.7%
Nov 21–25 2013	Datexco/El Tiempo & W Radio	1200	36.1%	11.9%	6.2%	6.3%	1.5%	0.9%	20.3%	11.0%	2.83%
Nov 22 2013	Centro Nacional de Consultoría/CM&	970	41%	13%	10%	5%	4%	–	10%	17%	3.0%
Nov 22–23 2013	Ipsos–Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & Revista Semana	1225	26%	12%	4%	6%	2%	1%	21%	25%	2.8%
Nov 22–27 2013	Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias	2500	26%	13%	5%	8%	–	1%	35%	–	2.9%
Dec 2–9 2013	Invamer–Gallup Colombia/Caracol Televisión, Blu Radio & major newspapers	756	36.0%	14.2%	5.1%	6.2%	5.8%	0.9%	26.4%	3.7%	3.6%
Dec 3–6 2013	Datexco/El Tiempo & W Radio	1000	28%	10%	9%	8%	3%	1%	unknown	unknown	3.1%
Jan 16–20 2014	Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias	2500	26%	8%	9%	7%	–	1%	30%	19%	2.9%
Jan 17–Feb 7 2014	Centro Nacional de Consultoría/CM&	2378	51%	9%	12%	7%	8%	3%	10%	unknown	2%
Jan 28–29 2014	Ipsos–Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & Revista Semana	1008	25%	8%	6%	6%	4%	1%	27%	23%	3.1%
Jan 29–31 2014	Datexco/El Tiempo & W Radio	1200	24.4%	7.6%	7.1%	6.0%	7.7%	0.7%	30.5%	14.1%	2.83%
Feb 5–9 2014	Invamer–Gallup Colombia/Caracol Televisión, Blu Radio & major newspapers	678	34.7%	10.8%	8.6%	4.5%	8.5%	1.6%	28.1%	3.2%	3.8%
Feb 10–15 2014	Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias [ permanent dead link ]	2500	26%	7%	6%	5%	4%	1%	30%	20%	2.9%
Feb 20–24 2014	Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias	2500	31%	8%	9%	7%	4%	1%	27%	12%	2.9%
Feb 21–24 2014	Ipsos–Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & Revista Semana	1201	28%	8%	5%	4%	3%	2%	24%	–	2.8%
Feb 25–28 2014	Datexco/El Tiempo y W Radio	1200	24.2%	6.3%	6.3%	4.9%	4.1%	3.6%	41.5%	8.6%	2.83%
Mar 13–14 2014	Datexco/El Tiempo y W Radio	1000	25.5%	14.6%	17.1%	10.7%	7.7%	n/a	16.9%	7.5%	3.1%
Mar 15–17 2014	Centro Nacional de Consultoría/CM&	1113	30%	10%	16%	10%	9%	n/a	8%	17%	3.0%
Mar 13–17 2014	Invamer–Gallup Colombia/Caracol Televisión, Blu Radio & major newspapers	1200	32.5%	15.6%	11.3%	8.6%	9.3%	n/a	19.6%	2.7%	3.0%
Mar 14–16 2014	Ipsos–Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & Revista Semana	1233	24%	9%	8%	9%	4%	n/a	19%	27%	2.8%
Mar 19–22 2014	Centro Nacional de Consultoría/CM&	1500	27%	13%	18%	10%	7%	n/a	8%	17%	2.5%
Mar 21–25 2014	Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias	2500	23%	11%	13%	9%	5%	n/a	26%	13%	2.9%
Apr 21–23 2014	Ipsos–Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & Revista Semana	1208	23%	15%	11%	6%	6%	n/a	14%	22%	2.8%
Apr 21–24 2014	Datexco/El Tiempo y W Radio	1974	28.3%	16.0%	15.7%	9.6%	7.2%	n/a	17.3%	5.8%	2.8%
Apr 23–27 2014	Invamer–Gallup Colombia/Caracol Televisión, Blu Radio & major newspapers	1200	32.0%	20.5%	10.1%	7.1%	11.2%	n/a	15.9%	3.2%	3.0%
Apr 26–28 2014	Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias	2500	27%	19%	10%	10%	8%	n/a	17%	8%	2.9%
May 6–10, 2014	Centro Nacional de Consultoría/CM&	1500	22%	24%	13%	9%	9%	n/a	9%	14%	2.5%
May 9–12, 2014	Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias	2762	27.7%	23.9%	9.7%	10.0%	8.7%	n/a	11.5%	8.5%	2.9%
May 10–13, 2014	Datexco/El Tiempo y W Radio	2392	27.7%	25.6%	9.7%	9.7%	9.4%	n/a	15.0%	2.9%	2.8%
May 10–13, 2014	Invamer–Gallup Colombia/Caracol Televisión, Blu Radio & major newspapers	1184	29%	29.3%	10.6%	10.9%	14.4%	n/a	5.8%	unknown	3.0%
May 13–15, 2014	Ipsos–Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & Revista Semana	1799	28.5%	29.5%	9.4%	10.1%	9.7%	n/a	12.8%	unknown	3.4%

Second round

Date(s) conducted	Polling organisation/client	Sample size	Candidate		Blank vote	Don't know/No response	Margin of error
		Juan Manuel Santos	Óscar Iván Zuluaga
May 26–27, 2014	Centro Nacional de Consultoría/CM&	1996	45%	47%	8%	n/a	2.2%
May 26–27, 2014	Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias	1672	38%	37%	15%	10%	2.9%
May 31–June 3, 2014	Invamer–Gallup Colombia/Caracol Televisión, Blu Radio & major newspapers	1200	47.7%	48.5%	3.7%	n/a	3.0%
May 31–June 3, 2014	Cifras y Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red Más Noticias	3215	43.4%	38.5%	11.7%	6.3%	2.9%
May 31–June 4, 2014	Datexco/El Tiempo & W Radio	1200	41.9%	37.7%	13.8%	5.8%	2.83%
June 2–4, 2014	Ipsos–Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & Revista Semana	1784	41%	49%	10%	n/a	2.3%

Results

First Round Results

e  •  d  Summary of the 25 May 2014 and 15 June 2014 Colombian presidential election results

Candidates – Parties	First round		Second round
	Votes	%	Votes	%
Juan Manuel Santos – Social Party of National Unity (Partido de «la U»)	3,301,815	25.69	7,816,986	50.95
Óscar Iván Zuluaga - Democratic Center (Centro Democrático)	3,759,971	29.25	6,905,001	45.00
Marta Lucía Ramírez – Colombian Conservative Party (Partido Conservador Colombiano)	1,995,698	15.52
Clara López Obregón – Alternative Democratic Pole (Polo Democrático Alternativo)	1,958,414	15.23
Enrique Peñalosa - Colombian Green Party (Partido Verde Colombiano)	1,065,142	8.28
Total votes for candidates	12,081,040	94.01	14,721,526	95.96
Blank votes	770,610	5.99	619,396	4.03
Total valid votes	12,851,650	97.24	15,341,383	97.12
Null votes	311,758	2.35	403,405	2.55
Unmarked ballots	52,994	0.40	50,152	0.31
Turnout	13,216,402	40.07%	15,794,940	47.89%
Source: Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil, Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil

References

1. (in Spanish) "Resolución No. 10368: Por la cual se establece el calendario Electoral para las elecciones de Presidente y Vicepresidente de la República (primera vuelta) para el período Constitucional 2014–2018" (PDF). Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil. October 10, 2013. Retrieved March 1, 2014. 
2. (in Spanish) "Farc prevén continuar diálogos de paz durante proceso electoral". El Tiempo . Bogotá, Colombia. March 2, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2014. 
3. (in Spanish) "Comunicado de Prensa No. 0337 de 2014: Registraduría tiene lista toda la logística para que los colombianos elijan este domingo 25 de mayo al Presidente y Vicepresidente de la República". Registraduría Nacional de Estado Civil. May 22, 2014. Retrieved June 14, 2014. 
4. (in Spanish) "Elecciones del domingo costarán cerca de $220 mil millones". El Tiempo. Bogotá, Colombia. May 21, 2014. Retrieved June 14, 2014. 
5. (in Spanish) 'La U' pide que Juan Manuel Santos se lance a la reelección
6. "Official results: Colombia President Santos to face Oscar Ivan Zuluaga in election runoff". The Washington Post. May 25, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2014. 
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14. (in Spanish) "Santos confirma a Vargas Lleras como su fórmula vicepresidencial". El Espectador. Bogotá, Colombia. February 24, 2014. Retrieved March 1, 2014. 
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29. (in Spanish) "Alianza Verde inscribió a Ingrid Betancourt como precandidata presidencial". El Espectador. Bogotá, Colombia. November 21, 2013. Retrieved March 1, 2014. 
30. (in Spanish) "'Verdes' irán a consulta para escoger candidato presidencial". El Tiempo. Bogotá, Colombia. January 30, 2014. Retrieved March 1, 2014. 
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32. (in Spanish) "Isabel Segovia será fórmula vicepresidencial de Peñalosa". Semana. Bogotá, Colombia. March 18, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2014. 
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