Colonel Sun

Last updated

Colonel Sun
ColonelSunOld.jpg
First edition cover
Author Kingsley Amis
writing as Robert Markham
Cover artist Tom Adams
LanguageEnglish
Series James Bond
Genre Spy fiction
Publisher Jonathan Cape
Publication date
28 March 1968
Publication placeUnited Kingdom
Media typePrint (hardback & paperback)
Pages255 pp (first edition, hardback)
ISBN 0-224-61294-8 (first edition, hardback)

Colonel Sun is a novel by Kingsley Amis published by Jonathan Cape on 28 March 1968 under the pseudonym "Robert Markham". Colonel Sun is the first James Bond continuation novel published after Ian Fleming's 1964 death. Before writing the novel, Amis wrote two other Bond related works, the literary study The James Bond Dossier and the humorous The Book of Bond . Colonel Sun centres on the fictional British Secret Service operative James Bond and his mission to track down the kidnappers of M, his superior at the Secret Service. During the mission he discovers a communist Chinese plot to cause an international incident. Bond, assisted by a Greek spy working for the Russians, finds M on a small Aegean island, rescues him and kills the two main plotters: Colonel Sun Liang-tan and a former Nazi commander, Von Richter.

Contents

Amis drew upon a holiday he had taken in the Greek islands to create a realistic Greek setting and characters. He emphasised political intrigue in the plot more than Fleming had done in the canonical Bond novels, also adding revenge to Bond's motivations by including M's kidnapping. Despite keeping a format and structure similar to Fleming's Bond novels, Colonel Sun was given mixed reviews.

Colonel Sun was serialised in the Daily Express newspaper from 18 March 1968 to 30 March 1968 and adapted as a comic strip in the same newspaper in 1969–1970. Elements from the story have been used in the Eon Productions Bond series: The 1999 film The World Is Not Enough used M's kidnapping, whilst the villain of the 2002 film Die Another Day , Colonel Tan-Sun Moon, owes his name to Colonel Sun Liang-tan.

Plot

Kidnappers violently take the Secret Service chief M from his house and almost capture James Bond, who is visiting. Intent on rescuing M, Bond follows the clues to Vrakonisi, one of the Aegean Islands. In the process, Bond discovers the complex military-political plans of Colonel Sun of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. Sun had been sent to sabotage a Middle East détente conference which the Soviet Union is hosting. He intends to attack the conference venue and use M and Bond's bodies to blame Great Britain for the disaster, leading to a world war. Bond meets Soviet agents in Athens and they realise that not only is a third country behind the kidnap, but that there is a traitor in the organisation. An attack on the Soviet headquarters kills all the agents except Ariadne Alexandrou, a Greek Communist. As he is dying, the Soviet leader encourages Bond and Ariadne to work together to prevent an international incident.

Ariadne persuades Litsas, a former Second World War resistance fighter and friend of her late father, to help them by telling him about the involvement in the plot of former Nazi, Von Richter. Trying to find M and Colonel Sun, Bond is nearly captured by the Russians, but is saved by Litsas. Finally, Bond finds Sun's headquarters, but is knocked out by one of Sun's men; Bond learns that Von Richter will use a mortar to destroy the conference venue and that Bond will be tortured by Sun, before his inevitable demise. Sun tortures him brutally, until one of the girls at the house is ordered by Sun to caress Bond fondly. In the process she cuts one of Bond's hands free and provides him with a knife. She tells Sun that Bond is dead: when examined Bond stabs Sun. He then frees other captives who help Bond stop Von Richter. However Sun survives the stab wound and kills several of the other escapees. Bond tracks down Sun and kills him in the confrontation. The Soviets thank Bond for saving their conference, offering him the Order of the Red Banner for his work, which he politely turns down.

Characters and themes

The main character of the novel is James Bond. Continuation Bond author Raymond Benson described Amis's Bond as a humourless interpretation of the character that Fleming used in his earlier novels. [1] Benson describes this personality as a natural continuation of the Bond developed in the final three Fleming novels. In all three novels, the events take a toll on Bond: he loses his wife in On Her Majesty's Secret Service; he loses his memory in Japan in You Only Live Twice; and he is brainwashed in Russia, is de-programmed by MI6 and almost dies from Francisco Scaramanga's poisoned bullet in The Man with the Golden Gun. [2] Benson identifies Bond's desire for revenge as a central theme of the novel. The plot centres on Bond's need to avenge the death of the Hammonds and M's kidnapping. Benson describes this as particularly striking: "Bond is particularly brutal in achieving his goal ... The revenge is very satisfying. This is Bond at his toughest." [1]

Benson considered that M's character evokes an emotional response from the reader because of the change from his usual, business-like manner to a semi-catatonic state upon being kidnapped. [3] However, Amis envisaged something different for the character: he did not like M and, as one reviewer pointed out, in The James Bond Dossier , he had "spent a chapter running him down." [4] The main villain of the novel is Colonel Sun Liang-tan (Chinese :孙良坦; pinyin :Sūn Liángtǎn). Sun is a member of the Special Activities Committee of the Chinese People's Liberation Army as well as a sadist and skilled torturer. Raymond Benson called him "very worthy of inclusion in the Bond saga". [3]

Benson notes increased political intrigue in the novel compared to earlier Bond novels. In Colonel Sun, Bond acts in concert with the Russians against the Chinese, which demonstrates one of the main themes of the book: a peacekeeping between nations. [1] Military historian Jeremy Black describes the novel reflecting a shift in the balance of world power away from two-party Cold War politics. [5] To accentuate this idea of Oriental threat, the novel demonstrates a disregard by the Chinese for human life, a position similar to the treatment of the East in Fleming's Dr. No. [6] Black also notes an emotional and social sadness throughout Colonel Sun. The social sadness is a reaction to the culture of modernity and mourning what was being lost in its place. [7] This treatment by Amis is similar to Fleming's nostalgia in describing Paris in "From a View to a Kill". [5]

Background

Amis drew upon a holiday in the Aegean islands to create a realistic Greek setting. Insel Agios Minas (Fourni).jpg
Amis drew upon a holiday in the Aegean islands to create a realistic Greek setting.

The original creator of James Bond, Ian Fleming, died in the early morning of 12 August 1964, eight months before the publication of The Man with the Golden Gun. [8] [9] After his death, Glidrose Productions (now Ian Fleming Publications) held the rights to Fleming's works. The company decided to publish two short stories, "Octopussy" and "The Living Daylights", on 23 June 1966. [10]

As the Bond character could not be copyrighted, and to retain rights in the Bond product, Glidrose decided to commission a sequel. [11] Initially the company approached author James Leasor to write a continuation novel, but he declined. [12] Glidrose then commissioned Amis, who wrote Colonel Sun. [13] Critic and future novelist Sally Beauman noted that it was "unusual, not to say unprecedented, for an established author to pick up the torch in this way," though she admits that "Bond [is] too big, and too profitable, a property to be placed in the hands of an unknown." [14]

Fleming's wife, Ann, did not endorse any further Bond works and disliked Amis, saying that he would create "a petit bourgeois red brick Bond". [15] [16]

In 1965, Amis produced The James Bond Dossier —a critical analysis of the Bond books under his own name—and The Book of Bond , a tongue-in-cheek manual for prospective agents, using the pseudonym Lt.-Col. William ("Bill") Tanner. [17] Amis followed these books with the 1966 novel, The Anti-Death League , which had a plot filled with popular fiction elements and helped Amis prepare for Colonel Sun. [17]

Amis and his wife Jane spent September 1965 holidaying on the Greek island of Spetses and Amis used his experiences as the background to the novel. [18] Amis followed a tradition set by Fleming of using the names of people he knew or had met during the researches for his book [19] and Amis drew on the names of people he met in Greece for Colonel Sun. The boat Bond uses—The Altair—was the name of the boat Amis and his wife used on holiday, whilst the Bond girl's fictitious colleagues, "Legakis" and "Papadogonas" were friends who helped Amis in Greece, whilst the doctor who treats Bond in Chapter two was named after Amis and Jane's own doctor. [20]

In a 21 May 1967 letter to Philip Larkin, Amis mentioned that he had already finished writing the Bond novel. [21]

Release and reception

Jonathan Cape published Colonel Sun on 28 March 1968; [22] the book was 255 pages long and priced at a guinea. [23] The novel sold well – journalist and author Eric Hiscock claims that by 1980 it had sold over 500,000 copies worldwide [24] – and was listed second best seller in the "Books in demand" list of the Financial Times for March and April 1968. [22] [25] Harper & Row published the novel in the US on 1 May 1968; [26] the United States edition ran to 244 pages. [27]

Reviews

Colonel Sun was broadly welcomed by the critics, although a number noted that despite Amis's abilities as a writer, Fleming's own persona was missing from the novel. Roger Baker, writing in The Times , noted that from one angle Colonel Sun is a "neat, not over-inventive thriller, low on sex, high on violence and more than usually improbable"; [28] however, he noted that once the elements of the re-incarnation of Bond and the writing of Kingsley Amis were taken into account, things were different. Baker thought that with Amis writing the story, "one might, justifiably, have expected a joyous rejuvenation or at least a devastating detour from the Fleming pattern. We get neither. It is a pale copy." [28] D. J. Enright, writing in The Listener, considered that, in literary terms, Fleming's "inheritance has been well and aptly bestowed." [29] He said that "Colonel Sun offers apt literary pabulum for Bond's fish-and-chip culture, for his neurotics, alcoholics and suicides. Good dirty fun, once read and soon forgotten". [29]

Writing in The Times Literary Supplement , Simon Gray, unimpressed with the novel, called the Bond in Colonel Sun "a chuckle-headed imposter whose arthritic thought processes would be a liability in a 'physical tussle' down at the pub." [23] He went on to comment that the novel only "offers the frustrated Bond addict ... a small academic problem, of swiftly passing interest." [23] The Daily Mirror 's reviewer, Alexander Muir, considered the book to be "an exciting, violent, sadistic and sexy piece of reading matter", [30] although, partly because of Amis' abilities as a writer, Colonel Sun "is altogether too meticulous and well written – Fleming was a hypnotic but slapdash writer. And, at times, I sensed parody. This could be fatal." [30]

Writing in The Guardian , Malcolm Bradbury called the novel "a reasonable read but no more: neither vintage Fleming nor vintage Amis." [31] Bradbury also noted that "it lacks a convincing rhetoric ... and the traditional Fleming frissons emerge only in muted form." [31] Maurice Richardson, reviewing Colonel Sun for The Observer , wrote that when being judged as a thriller, the novel "is vigorous, quite exciting, rather disorderly, a bit laboured". [32] He went on to say that "Some of the action is quite well done and little more preposterous than in the later Flemings. The real trouble is the absence of spontaneous élan". [32]

The reviewer for the Los Angeles Times , Charles Champlin, noted that the novel "lacks the garish, outrageous, ridiculous, symbol-witted touch of the original article"; [26] despite that, he still enjoyed the novel, commenting that it left "intact the reputations of both Messrs. Amis and Fleming." [26] Donald Stanley, writing in Life magazine praised the villain Sun, saying he "is the kind of villain to make a Bondophile salivate." [4] In general Stanley praised Amis for emulating "the celebrated Fleming Effect". [4] Stanley was less convinced by Bond, observing that his "essential swinishness is being replaced by some kind of dilute humanism". [4]

The reviewer for The New York Times noted the reduced numbers of gadgets employed in the book, when compared with the films, that they felt had "overshadowed the personality of the secret agent"; [33] overall the reviewer felt that "Mr. Amis has now given Bond back to the readers." [33] Oberbeck commented that Bond "has become a sensitive man-of-ethics who suffers pangs of doubt and remorse over the 'senseless' violence of his profession". [34] Oberbeck went on to say that Amis "never quite captures the bizarre beat of a Fleming pace"; [34] most telling, according to Oberbeck, was that "the greatest flaw in Amis' conception of Bond is that he has attempted to transform the consummate spy-hero into something he was never meant to have been: a man with a job". [34]

Sally Beauman, writing for New York , believed that "Amis has all the obvious ingredients for success", including "an exotic troubled international setting, a beautiful girl, frequent imbibings, and even more frequent killings; and, most imperative, a villain. Yet the book drags and becomes a bore." Beauman complains that the story lacks suspense and that Bond is far too gloomy: he's more like Ingmar Bergman's creations than Ian Fleming's hero. Beauman attributes the novel's failure to the "differing characters of the authors." [14]

A fiftieth anniversary review in The Guardian called Col. Sun "the most repellant racial caricature of all, a descendant of Fu Manchu and other fiendish orientals, noting that "Amis channels Fleming . . . as a connoisseur of ethnicities." The review notes that "Amis, by March 1968, had already made public his Damascene conversion from left to right, and signed a group letter to the Times titled Backing for US Policies in Vietnam." [35]

Adaptations

Serialisation (1968)

Colonel Sun was serialised on a daily basis in the Daily Express newspaper from 18 March 1968 [36] to 30 March 1968. [37]

Comic strip (1969–1970)

Colonel Sun is the only non-Fleming Bond novel adapted as a comic strip by the Daily Express newspaper. It was adapted by Jim Lawrence and drawn by Yaroslav Horak and published in the Daily Express from 1 December 1969 to 20 August 1970 and was subsequently syndicated worldwide. [38] In December 2005, Titan Books reprinted Colonel Sun and included River of Death, another original James Bond comic strip story published before the Colonel Sun strip in 1969. [39]

The World Is Not Enough (1999)

The kidnap of M was borrowed from Colonel Sun and used as a plot device in the 1999 Bond film The World Is Not Enough . [40]

Die Another Day (2002)

For the 2002 film Die Another Day , Eon Productions wanted to use the name Colonel Sun Liang-tan for the main villain, but when the Fleming estate insisted on royalties for the use of the name, they changed the name to Colonel Tan-Sun Moon. [41]

Spectre (2015)

The 2015 film Spectre features a torture scene which was lifted from Colonel Sun. [42]

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Dr. No</i> (novel) 1958 novel by Ian Fleming

Dr. No is the sixth novel by the English author Ian Fleming to feature his British Secret Service agent James Bond. Fleming wrote the novel in early 1957 at his Goldeneye estate in Jamaica. It was first published in the United Kingdom by Jonathan Cape on 31 March 1958. The novel centres on Bond's investigation into the disappearance in Jamaica of two fellow MI6 operatives. He establishes that they had been investigating Doctor No, a Chinese-German operator of a guano mine on the fictional Caribbean island of Crab Key. Bond travels to the island and meets Honeychile Rider and later Doctor No.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ian Fleming</span> English author (1908–1964)

Ian Lancaster Fleming was an English writer, best known for his postwar James Bond series of spy novels. Fleming came from a wealthy family connected to the merchant bank Robert Fleming & Co., and his father was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Henley from 1910 until his death on the Western Front in 1917. Educated at Eton, Sandhurst, and, briefly, the universities of Munich and Geneva, Fleming moved through several jobs before he started writing.

<i>From Russia, with Love</i> (novel) 1957 spy fiction novel by Ian Fleming

From Russia, with Love is the fifth novel by the English author Ian Fleming to feature his fictional British Secret Service agent James Bond. Fleming wrote the story in early 1956 at his Goldeneye estate in Jamaica; at the time he thought it might be his final Bond book. The novel was first published in the United Kingdom by Jonathan Cape on 8 April 1957.

<i>Goldfinger</i> (novel) Novel by Ian Fleming

Goldfinger is the seventh novel in Ian Fleming's James Bond series. Written in January and February 1958, it was first published in the UK by Jonathan Cape on 23 March 1959. The story centres on the investigation by the British Secret Service operative James Bond into the gold-smuggling activities of Auric Goldfinger, who is also suspected by MI6 of being connected to SMERSH, the Soviet counter-intelligence organisation. As well as establishing the background to the smuggling operation, Bond uncovers a much larger plot: Goldfinger plans to steal the gold reserves of the United States from Fort Knox.

<i>Moonraker</i> (novel) 1955 novel by Ian Fleming

Moonraker is the third novel by the British author Ian Fleming to feature his fictional British Secret Service agent James Bond. It was published by Jonathan Cape on 5 April 1955 and featured a cover design conceived by Fleming. The plot is derived from a Fleming screenplay that was too short for a full novel, so he added the passage of the bridge game between Bond and the industrialist Hugo Drax. In the latter half of the novel, Bond is seconded to Drax's staff as the businessman builds the Moonraker, a prototype missile designed to defend England. Unknown to Bond, Drax is German, an ex-Nazi now working for the Soviets; his plan is to build the rocket, arm it with a nuclear warhead, and fire it at London. Uniquely for a Bond novel, Moonraker is set entirely in Britain, which raised comments from some readers, complaining about the lack of exotic locations.

M is a codename held by a fictional character in Ian Fleming's James Bond book and film series; the character is the Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service for the agency known as MI6. Fleming based the character on a number of people he knew who commanded sections of British intelligence. M has appeared in the novels by Fleming and seven continuation authors, as well as appearing in twenty-four films. In the Eon Productions series of films, M has been portrayed by four actors: Bernard Lee, Robert Brown, Judi Dench and Ralph Fiennes, the incumbent; in the two independent productions, M was played by John Huston, David Niven and Edward Fox.

<i>The Man with the Golden Gun</i> (novel) Novel by Ian Fleming

The Man with the Golden Gun is the twelfth and final novel in Ian Fleming's James Bond series and thirteenth Bond book overall. It was first published by Jonathan Cape in the UK on 1 April 1965, eight months after the author's death. The novel was not as detailed or polished as the others in the series, leading to poor but polite reviews. Despite that, the book was a best-seller.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Felix Leiter</span> Fictional character in James Bond media created 1953

Felix Leiter {pronounced?) is a fictional character created by Ian Fleming in the James Bond books, films, and other media. The character is an operative for the CIA and Bond's friend. After losing a leg and a hand to a shark attack, Leiter joined the Pinkerton Detective Agency. The name "Felix" comes from the middle name of Fleming's friend Ivar Bryce, while the name "Leiter" was the surname of Fleming's friend Marion Oates Leiter Charles, the then wife of Thomas Leiter.

<i>On Her Majestys Secret Service</i> (novel) 1963 espionage novel by Ian Fleming

On Her Majesty's Secret Service is the tenth novel and eleventh book in Ian Fleming's James Bond series. It was first published in the United Kingdom by Jonathan Cape on 1 April 1963. Fleming changed the formula and structure from the previous novel, The Spy Who Loved Me, and made a determined effort to produce a work that adhered to his tried and tested format. The initial and secondary print runs sold out quickly, with over 60,000 copies sold in the first month, double that of the previous book's first month of sales. Fleming wrote the novel at Goldeneye, his holiday home in Jamaica, while Dr. No, the first entry in the James Bond film series by Eon Productions, was being filmed nearby.

Robert Markham is a pseudonym used by author Kingsley Amis to publish Colonel Sun in March 1968. The book was the first continuation James Bond novel following the death of Bond's creator, Ian Fleming.

Ian Fleming Publications Limited is a production company. In 1952, author Ian Fleming bought it after completing his first James Bond novel, Casino Royale; he assigned most of his rights in Casino Royale, and the works which followed it to Glidrose.

<i>James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007</i> 1973 biography by John Pearson

James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007 by John Pearson, is a fictional biography of James Bond, first published in 1973; Pearson also wrote the biography The Life of Ian Fleming (1966).

Per Fine Ounce is the title of an unpublished novel by Geoffrey Jenkins featuring Ian Fleming's James Bond. It was completed c.1966 and is considered a "lost" novel by fans of James Bond because it was actually commissioned by Glidrose Productions, the official publishers of James Bond. It was rejected for publication, however, missing the opportunity to become the first continuation James Bond novel. The Adventures of James Bond Junior 003½, a novel written by the pseudonymous R. D. Mascott, was later published in 1967 featuring James Bond's nephew; Colonel Sun written by Kingsley Amis under the pseudonym Robert Markham was published in 1968 as the first adult continuation novel following Ian Fleming's The Man with the Golden Gun (1965).

<i>Licence Renewed</i> Novel by John Gardner (British writer)

Licence Renewed, first published in 1981, is the first novel by John Gardner featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond. It was the first proper James Bond novel since Kingsley Amis's Colonel Sun in 1968. Carrying the Glidrose Publications copyright, it was first published in the United Kingdom by Jonathan Cape and in the United States by Richard Marek, a G. P. Putnam's Sons imprint.

<i>James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me</i> 1977 novel by Christopher Wood

James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me is the official novelization of the 1977 Eon James Bond filmThe Spy Who Loved Me, which was itself inspired by the 1962 novel of the same title by Ian Fleming.

<i>The James Bond Dossier</i> Book by Kingsley Amis

The James Bond Dossier (1965), by Kingsley Amis, is a critical analysis of the James Bond novels. Amis dedicated the book to friend and background collaborator, the poet and historian Robert Conquest. Later, after Ian Fleming's death, Amis was commissioned as the first continuation novelist for the James Bond novel series, writing Colonel Sun (1968) under the pseudonym Robert Markham. The James Bond Dossier was the first, formal, literary study of the James Bond character. More recent studies of Fleming's secret agent and his world include The Politics of James Bond: From Fleming's Novels to the Big Screen (2001), by the historian Jeremy Black.

<i>Diamonds Are Forever</i> (novel) 1956 novel by Ian Fleming

Diamonds Are Forever is the fourth novel by the British author Ian Fleming to feature his fictional British Secret Service agent James Bond. Fleming wrote the story at his Goldeneye estate in Jamaica, inspired by a Sunday Times article on diamond smuggling. The book was first published by Jonathan Cape in the United Kingdom on 26 March 1956.

<i>Devil May Care</i> (Faulks novel) Novel by Sebastian Faulks

Devil May Care is a James Bond continuation novel written by Sebastian Faulks. It was published in the UK by Penguin Books on 28 May 2008, the 100th anniversary of the birth of Ian Fleming, the creator of Bond. The story centers on Bond's investigation into Dr. Julius Gorner, a megalomaniac chemist with a deep-seated hatred of England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Bond (literary character)</span> Fictional spy

Commander James Bond is a character created by the British journalist and novelist Ian Fleming in 1953. He is the protagonist of the James Bond series of novels, films, comics and video games. Fleming wrote twelve Bond novels and two short story collections. His final two books—The Man with the Golden Gun (1965) and Octopussy and The Living Daylights (1966)—were published posthumously.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Benson 1988, p. 147.
  2. ↑ Benson 1988, pp. 147–148.
  3. 1 2 Benson 1988, p. 148.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Stanley, Donald (3 May 1968). "A flabby corporate image for 007". Life: Book Reviews. Life. p. 10. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  5. 1 2 Black 2005, p. 183.
  6. ↑ Black 2005, p. 95.
  7. ↑ Black 2005, p. 183-184.
  8. ↑ Lycett, Andrew (2004). "Fleming, Ian Lancaster (1908–1964) (subscription needed)" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33168 . Retrieved 2 February 2012.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  9. ↑ Black 2005, p. 75.
  10. ↑ Lycett 1996, p. 445.
  11. ↑ Black 2005, p. 181-182.
  12. ↑ "Obituary: James Leasor". The Times . 22 September 2007. p. 77.
  13. ↑ Benson 1988, p. 31.
  14. 1 2 Beauman, Sally (10 June 1968). "Of Brooding Bondage". New York : 60.
  15. ↑ Black 2005, p. 182.
  16. ↑ Simpson 2002, p. 54.
  17. 1 2 Leader, Zachary (September 2011). "Amis, Sir Kingsley William (1922–1995) (subscription needed)" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/60221 . Retrieved 1 February 2012.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  18. ↑ Leader 2007, p. 554.
  19. ↑ Chancellor 2005, p. 117.
  20. ↑ Leader 2007, p. 556.
  21. ↑ Leader 2000, p. 677.
  22. 1 2 "Books in demand in March". Financial Times . London. 16 April 1968. p. 24.
  23. 1 2 3 Gray, Simon (28 March 1968). "Unlucky Jim". The Times Literary Supplement . p. 309.
  24. ↑ Hiscock, Eric (6 September 1980). "Personally Speaking". The Bookseller : 1043.
  25. ↑ "Books in demand in April". Financial Times . London. 9 May 1968. p. 10.
  26. 1 2 3 Champlin, Charles (19 May 1968). "A Second Life for Agent 007". Los Angeles Times. p. D1.
  27. ↑ "Colonel Sun; a James Bond adventure (by) Robert Markham". Library of Congress Online Catalog. Library of Congress . Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  28. 1 2 Baker, Roger (30 March 1968). "No Touch". The Times . p. 21.
  29. 1 2 Enright, D. J. (28 March 1968). "Books". The Listener . p. 411.
  30. 1 2 Muir, Alexander (30 March 1968). "An invisible enemy for the new 007". Daily Mirror . p. 21.
  31. 1 2 Bradbury, Malcolm (29 March 1958). "Bond dishonoured". The Guardian. p. 12.
  32. 1 2 Richardson, Maurice (31 March 1968). "James Bond without Fleming". The Observer . p. 29.
  33. 1 2 "Amis is thrilled about thrillers". The New York Times. 25 April 1968.
  34. 1 2 3 Oberbeck, S K (5 May 1968). "The new James Bond: calmer music, weaker wine". Chicago Tribune . p. Q5.
  35. ↑ Dugdale, John (28 March 2018). "Colonel Sun: is Kingsley Amis's Bond novel the weirdest of all?". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  36. ↑ Markham, Robert (18 March 1968). "Colonel Sun". Daily Express . p. 5.
  37. ↑ Markham, Robert (30 March 1968). "Colonel Sun". Daily Express . p. 14.
  38. ↑ Fleming, Gammidge & McLusky 1988, p. 6.
  39. ↑ "Titan Books – James Bond – Colonel Sun". Titan Books. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  40. ↑ Chapman 2009, p. 231.
  41. ↑ Britton 2005, p. 238.
  42. ↑ "Kingsley Amis's Colonel Sun inspires a scene in SPECTRE". 27 October 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2016.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.