Cratoxylum cochinchinense

Last updated

Cratoxylum cochinchinense
C cochinchinense NCT.jpg
Dehiscent seed capsules, leaves and trunk: Cat Tien National Park specimen
C cochinchinense NCT1.jpg
Characteristic trunk of young tree (with epiphytic orchids)
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Hypericaceae
Genus: Cratoxylum
Species:
C. cochinchinense
Binomial name
Cratoxylum cochinchinense
Synonyms [2] [3] [4]

Ancistrolobus ligustrinusSpach
Cratoxylum biflorum(Lam.) Turcz.
Cratoxylum chinense(Hance) Merr.
Cratoxylum hypoleucaElmer
Cratoxylum lanceolatumMiq.
Cratoxylum ligustrinum(Spach) Blume
Cratoxylum myrtifoliumBlume
Cratoxylum petiolatumBlume
Cratoxylum polyanthumKorth.
Cratoxylum polyanthum var. ligustrinumBlume
Cratoxylum polyanthum var. ligustrinum(Spach) Dyer
Cratoxylum wightiiBlume
Elodea chinensis Hance
Elodes chinensisHance
Hypericum biflorumLam.
Hypericum cochinchinenseLour.
Oxycarpus cochinchinensisLour.
Stalagmites erosipetalaMiq.

Contents

Cratoxylum cochinchinense (or Cratoxylon cochinsinensis (Lour.) Blume, an orthographic variant often still used in Vietnam, where the species was described [5] ) is a plant now placed in the family Hypericaceae. The specific epithet cochinchinense is from the Latin meaning "of Cochinchina". [3] In Vietnamese C. cochinchinense is usually called thành ngạch nam [5] or lành ngạnh nam, other names include: hoàng ngưu mộc, hoàng ngưu trà and đỏ ngọn.

In Malesia the trees are cut for derum timber. [1]

Description

Cratoxylum cochinchinense grows as a shrub or tree, typically measuring 10-15 metres (49 ft) tall with a diameter of up to 0.65 metres (2 ft 2 in). The brown bark is smooth to flaky, with characteristic lateral pegs which are the remnants of previous leaf clusters (see illustration); leaf undersides are glaucous. [5] The flowers are crimson red, which develop into seed capsules measuring up to 12 mm (0.5 in) long. [3]

Distribution and habitat

Cratoxylum cochinchinense grows naturally from southern China to Borneo. Its habitat is sub-tropical and tropical forests, including kerangas forests and peat swamps. [3]

Related Research Articles

<i>Cratoxylum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cratoxylum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Hypericaceae, native to tropical Asia. The generic name is from the Greek meaning "strong wood", referring to the timber.

<i>Dalbergia oliveri</i> Species of legume

Dalbergia oliveri is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae which grows in tree form to 15 – 30 meters in height. The fruit is a green pod containing one to two seeds which turn brown to black when ripe. It is threatened by habitat loss and over-harvesting for its valuable red "rosewood" timber.

<i>Cratoxylum arborescens</i> Species of flowering plant

Cratoxylum arborescens is a plant in the family Hypericaceae. The specific epithet arborescens is from the Latin meaning "tree-like".

<i>Cratoxylum maingayi</i> Species of flowering plant

Cratoxylum maingayi is a plant in the family Hypericaceae. It is named for the botanist Alexander Carroll Maingay.

<i>Aglaia lawii</i> Species of tree in the Meliaceae from Tropical Asia and China

Aglaia lawii is a species of tree in the family Meliaceae. As well as the autonym species, there are two subspecies accepted.

<i>Aglaia spectabilis</i> Species of tree found near the Pacific and Indian coasts

Aglaia spectabilis is a species of tree in the family Meliaceae, found from the Santa Cruz Islands in the southwest Pacific to Queensland (Australia), Southeast Asia, Yunnan (Zhōngguó/China) and the Indian subcontinent. It grows from a 1m shrub to an emergent 40m tall tree, depending on the habitat. Its wood is commercially exploited as timber, but otherwise is of poor quality with limited use. The fruit are eaten, and used in folk medicine. The seeds are large in comparison to other plants, and a major source of dispersal of the species are hornbills eating the fruit, flying away from the tree and regurgitating the seeds.

Ailanthus integrifolia, white siris, is a tree in the family Simaroubaceae. The specific epithet integrifolia is from the Latin meaning "entire leaves", referring to the leaflet margins.

Anisophyllea disticha is a plant of tropical Asia in the family Anisophylleaceae. The specific epithet disticha is from the Latin meaning "2-ranked", referring to the leaf arrangement.

Canarium littorale is a tree found in tropical Asia and is a member of the incense tree family Burseraceae. The specific epithet littorale is from the Latin meaning "of the seashore", referring to its habitat.

Canarium patentinervium is a tree of tropical Asia in the incense tree family Burseraceae. The specific epithet patentinervium is from the Latin meaning "spreading nerves", referring to the leaf veins.

<i>Campylospermum serratum</i> Species of shrub or tree

Campylospermum serratum is a plant in the family Ochnaceae. The specific epithet serratum is from the Latin meaning "with teeth", referring to the leaf margin. It is found in Tropical Asia, from Sulawesi, Indonesia to Hainan, Zhōngguó/China and over to southwester India. Gomphia serrata was a previous common name for the species. The plant is used for it wood and its sap is used in folk medicine and in the past for teeth-blackening.

Kibara coriacea is a plant in the family Monimiaceae. The specific epithet coriacea is from the Latin meaning "leathery", referring to the leaves.

<i>Maranthes corymbosa</i> Species of tree

Maranthes corymbosa is a tree in the family Chrysobalanaceae. The specific epithet corymbosa is from the Greek meaning "cluster", referring to the clustered inflorescences.

Dipterocarpus dyeri (Khmer: rôyiëng, chhë tiël pruhs, chhë tiël th'nô:r, local name Kompong Thom: chhieutiel chgor, name used for commercial timber and the group of trees harvested for such: keruing, Vietnamese: Dầu Song Nàng, is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae found in Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Cambodia and Vietnam. The tree is found in rain forest and lowland semi-evergreen dipterocarp forests, an alternative habitat description is mixed dense forests of the plains, mainly among rivers and valleys. The tree is a climax or late successional species, which in some secondary forests forms relatively young pure colonies. The conservation status is based on rates of habitat loss, the major threat to the taxa, though in Vietnam it is cited as having a less threatened conservation status of Vulnerable.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protected areas of Vietnam</span>

Many areas of Vietnam are under protection. While the national reserves cover small areas of scientific significance with restricted access, the national parks also cover wetlands of Ramsar designated areas and BirdLife International inscribed bird areas. The largest of the national parks initially covered were the Cúc Phương National Park, the Cát Tiên National Park, and the Côn Đảo National Park which to start with were forest areas cum reserves or prohibited areas. The objective for creating national parks was to allow access to the reserved areas as a part of ecotourism and cultural needs with full attention to the basic approach of conservation of natural environmental resources.

<i>Dysoxylum arborescens</i> Species of plant in the family Meliaceae

Dysoxylum arborescens, commonly known in Australia as Mossman mahogany, is a small tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is native to rainforests of Malesia, Papuasia, Queensland and nearby islands.

<i>Dacryodes rostrata</i> Species of tree

Dacryodes rostrata is a tree in the family Burseraceae. The specific epithet rostrata is from the Latin meaning "beaked", referring to the narrow-tipped leaves.

<i>Cratoxylum glaucum</i> Species of flowering plant

Cratoxylum glaucum is a plant in the family Hypericaceae. The specific epithet glaucum is from the Latin meaning "blue-green", referring to the colour of the leaf underside.

Anacolosa frutescens, also known as galo or galonut, is a plant in the family Olacaceae. The specific epithet frutescens is from the Latin frutex meaning "shrub". It produces edible fruits and nuts eaten in the Philippines.

<i>Rhizophora stylosa</i> Species of tree

Rhizophora stylosa, the spotted mangrove, red mangrove, small stilted mangrove or stilt-root mangrove, is a tree in the family Rhizophoraceae. The specific epithet stylosa is from the Latin meaning "stylus form", referring to the flower.

References

  1. 1 2 World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998). "Cratoxylum cochinchinense". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1998: e.T33936A9823214. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33936A9823214.en . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume". The Plant List . Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Wong, K. M. (1995). "Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume". In Soepadmo, E.; Wong, K. M. (eds.). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. (free online from the publisher, lesser resolution scan PDF versions). Vol. 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 222, 223–224. ISBN   983-9592-34-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  4. "Cratoxylum cochinchinense". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 Phạm Hoàng Hộ (1999) Cây Cỏ Việt Nam: an Illustrated Flora of Vietnam vol. I publ. Nhà Xuẩt Bản Trẻ, HCMC, VN