Cratoxylum cochinchinense

Cratoxylum cochinchinense
Dehiscent seed capsules, leaves and trunk: Cat Tien National Park specimen
Characteristic trunk of young tree (with epiphytic orchids)
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Hypericaceae
Genus:	Cratoxylum
Species:	C. cochinchinense
Binomial name
Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume [2]
Synonyms [3] [2] [4] [5]
List Hypericum cochinchinenseLour. Vismia cochinchinensis(Lour.) Spreng. Stalagmitis erosipetalaMiq. Ancistrolobus brevipesTurcz. Ancistrolobus ligustrinusSpach Cratoxylum biflorum(Lam.) Turcz. Cratoxylum carneumKurz Cratoxylum chinense(Hance) Merr. Cratoxylum hypoleucumElmer Cratoxylum lanceolatumMiq. Cratoxylum ligustrinum(Spach) Blume Cratoxylum myrtifoliumBlume Cratoxylum petiolatumBlume Cratoxylum polyanthumKorth. Cratoxylum polyanthum var. ligustrinumBlume Cratoxylum polyanthum var. macrocarpumBoerl. Cratoxylum wightiiBlume Elodes chinensisHance Elodes pulchellaLoudon Hypericum biflorumLam. Hypericum carneumWall. Hypericum chinenseRetz. Hypericum horridumWall. Hypericum loureiroiK.Koch Hypericum petiolatumLour. Hypericum pulchellumWilld.

Cratoxylum cochinchinense is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae . ^{[3] [6]} It is sometimes referred to using an orthographic variant Cratoxylon cochinsinensis (Lour.) Blume in Vietnam, where the species was described. ^[7] The specific epithet cochinchinense is from the Latin meaning "of Cochinchina". ^[4] In Vietnamese C. cochinchinense is usually called thành ngạch nam ^[7] or lành ngạnh nam, other names include: hoàng ngưu mộc, hoàng ngưu trà and đỏ ngọn.

In Malesia the trees are cut for derum timber. ^[1]

Description

Cratoxylum cochinchinense grows as a shrub or tree, typically measuring 10-15 metres (49 ft) tall with a diameter of up to 0.65 metres (2 ft 2 in). The brown bark is smooth to flaky, with characteristic lateral pegs which are the remnants of previous leaf clusters (see illustration); leaf undersides are glaucous. ^[7] The flowers are crimson red, which develop into seed capsules measuring up to 12 mm (0.5 in) long. ^[4]

Distribution and habitat

Cratoxylum cochinchinense is native to the Andaman Islands, Borneo, Cambodia, South-Central and Southeast China, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Nicobar Islands, the Philippines, Sumatera, Thailand, and Vietnam. ^[3] Its habitat is sub-tropical and tropical forests, including kerangas forests and peat swamps. ^[4]

Gallery

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References

1. Oldfield, S. (2024). "Cratoxylum cochinchinense". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024: e.T33936A212024382. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-1.RLTS.T33936A212024382.en . Retrieved July 11, 2025.
2. "Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume". The Plant List . Retrieved 14 March 2017.
3. "Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
4. Wong, K. M. (1995). "Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume". In Soepadmo, E.; Wong, K. M. (eds.). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. (free online from the publisher, lesser resolution scan PDF versions). Vol. 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 222, 223–224. ISBN   983-9592-34-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
5. "Cratoxylum cochinchinense". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 14 July 2014.
6. "Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000. n.d. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
7. Phạm Hoàng Hộ (1999) Cây Cỏ Việt Nam: an Illustrated Flora of Vietnam vol. I publ. Nhà Xuẩt Bản Trẻ, HCMC, VN