Crested kingfisher

Last updated

Crested kingfisher
Megaceryle lugubris, crop.jpg
Wiki-yamasemi-mesu, crop.jpg
Male (top) and female (bottom) M. lugubris subsp. pallida at Asahikawa city in Japan
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Coraciiformes
Family: Alcedinidae
Subfamily: Cerylinae
Genus: Megaceryle
Species:
M. lugubris
Binomial name
Megaceryle lugubris
(Temminck, 1834)
Greater Pied Kingfisher.png
     approximate distribution

The crested kingfisher (Megaceryle lugubris) is a very large kingfisher that is native to parts of southern Asia, stretching eastwards from the Indian Subcontinent towards Japan. It forms a species complex with the other three Megaceryle species. [2]

Contents

Taxonomy

The first formal description of the crested kingfisher was by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1834 under the binomial name Alcedo lugubris. [3] [4] The current genus Megaceryle was erected by the German naturalist Johann Jakob Kaup in 1848. [5] Megaceryle is from the Ancient Greek megas, "great", and the existing genus Ceryle . The specific name lugubris is the Latin word for "mournful". [6]

There are four subspecies: [7]

Description

The crested kingfisher is a very large 41–43 cm (16–17 in) black and white kingfisher with a shaggy crest. [8] It has evenly barred wings and tail. It lacks a supercilium and has a spotted breast, which is sometimes mixed with rufous.

From Darap village in West Sikkim, India. Crested Kingfisher Darap West Sikkim Sikkim India.jpg
From Darap village in West Sikkim, India.

Range and habitat

Crested Kingfisher, Himalayan Range, Uttarakhand, India Crested Kingfisher Prasanna Mamidala.jpg
Crested Kingfisher, Himalayan Range, Uttarakhand, India

It is resident in the Himalayas and mountain foothills of northern India, Bangladesh, northern Indochina, Southeast Asia and Japan. This bird is mainly found in mountain rivers and larger rivers in the foothills of mountains.

Behaviour

Breeding

The nest is a burrow excavated into a vertical bank in a forest. It can be by a stream or a ravine or can be up to 1.5 km (0.93 mi) away from water. The burrow is dug by both sexes using their feet and bills. It is 10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in) wide and 2–3 m (6 ft 7 in–9 ft 10 in) in length. The clutch of 4-7 eggs is incubated only by the female. The nestlings are fed by both parents for around 40 days before they fledge. [8]

Status

A decline has been noted in northeastern China. Declines have been linked to habitat destruction.

Related Research Articles

Belted kingfisher Species of bird

The belted kingfisher is a large, conspicuous water kingfisher, native to North America. It is depicted on the 1986 series Canadian $5 note. All kingfishers were formerly placed in one family, Alcedinidae, but recent research suggests that this should be divided into three subfamilies.

Coenraad Jacob Temminck Dutch aristocrat, zoologist, and museum director

Coenraad Jacob Temminck was a Dutch aristocrat, zoologist and museum director.

Malachite kingfisher Species of bird

The malachite kingfisher is a river kingfisher which is widely distributed in Africa south of the Sahara. It is largely resident except for seasonal climate-related movements.

Green kingfisher Species of bird

The green kingfisher is a resident breeding bird which occurs from southern Texas in the United States south through Central and South America to central Argentina.

Giant kingfisher Species of bird

The giant kingfisher is the largest kingfisher in Africa, where it is a resident breeding bird over most of the continent south of the Sahara Desert, other than the arid southwest.

<i>Megaceryle</i> Genus of birds

Megaceryle is a genus of very large kingfishers. They have a wide distribution in the Americas, Africa and southeast Asia.

Amazon kingfisher Species of bird

The Amazon kingfisher is a resident breeding kingfisher in the lowlands of the American tropics from southern Mexico south through Central America to northern Argentina.

American pygmy kingfisher Species of bird

The American pygmy kingfisher is a resident breeding kingfisher which occurs in the American tropics from southern Mexico south through Central America to western Ecuador, and then around the northern Andes cordillera in the east to central Bolivia and central Brazil. The species occupies the entire Amazon basin and the Tocantins River drainage adjacent in Pará state Brazil. It also occurs on Trinidad.

African pygmy kingfisher Species of bird

The African pygmy kingfisher is a small insectivorous kingfisher found in the Afrotropics, mostly in woodland habitats.

Collared kingfisher Species of bird

The collared kingfisher is a medium-sized kingfisher belonging to the subfamily Halcyoninae, the tree kingfishers. It is also known as the white-collared kingfisher or mangrove kingfisher. It has a wide range extending from the Red Sea across southern Asia to Polynesia. A number of subspecies and subspecies groups have been split from this species including the Pacific kingfisher, the islet kingfisher, the Torresian kingfisher, the Mariana kingfisher, and the Melanesian kingfisher.

Green-and-rufous kingfisher Species of bird

The green-and-rufous kingfisher is a resident breeding bird in the lowlands of the American tropics from southeastern Nicaragua south to southern Brazil.

Lilac kingfisher Genus of birds

Lilac kingfishers are kingfishers in the genus Cittura, found in the lowlands of the Indonesia island of Sulawesi and the neighbouring Sangihe and Talaud Islands.

Blue-banded kingfisher Species of bird

The blue-banded kingfisher, is a species of kingfisher in the subfamily Alcedininae. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical mangrove forest, and rivers.

Little kingfisher Species of bird

The little kingfisher is a species of kingfisher in the subfamily Alcedininae.

Philippine dwarf kingfisher Species of bird

The Philippine dwarf kingfisher is a species of bird in the family Alcedinidae that is endemic to the Philippines found in the islands of Luzon, Polillo Islands, Catanduanes, Basilan, Samar, Leyte and Mindanao. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests.It is threatened by habitat loss.

Purple-winged roller Species of bird

The purple-winged roller is a species of bird in the family Coraciidae. It is endemic to the Sulawesi subregion in Indonesia and can be found on the islands of Sulawesi, Bangka, Lembeh, Manterawu, Muna and Butung.

<i>Ispidina</i> Genus of birds

Ispidina is a genus of small insectivorous African river kingfishers.

1826 in birding and ornithology

Expeditions

Corythornis is a genus of small African river kingfishers.

Sulawesi lilac kingfisher Species of bird

The Sulawesi lilac kingfisher is a species of kingfisher in the genus Cittura, found in the lowlands of the Indonesia island of Sulawesi and Lembeh.

References

  1. BirdLife International (2016). "Megaceryle lugubris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22683620A92992024. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22683620A92992024.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. Woodall, P.F. (2017). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Crested Kingfisher (Megaceryle lugubris)" . Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  3. Temminck, Coenraad Jacob (1838) [1834]. Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon (in French). Vol. 4. Paris: F.G. Levrault. Plate 548 text. The 5 volumes were originally issued in 102 parts, 1820-1839.
  4. Peters, James Lee, ed. (1945). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 166.
  5. Kaup, Johann Jakob (1848). "Die Familie der Eisvögel (Alcedidae)". Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins für das Großherzogthum Hessen und Umgebung (in German). 2: 68. OCLC   183221382.
  6. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp.  232, 245. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
  7. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2017). "Rollers, ground rollers & kingfishers". World Bird List Version 7.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
  8. 1 2 Fry, C. Hilary; Fry, Kathie; Harris, Alan (1992). Kingfishers, Bee-eaters, and Rollers. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 229–230. ISBN   978-0-7136-8028-7.