Cyclone Wilma

Last updated

Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Early on 19 January, RSMC Nadi reported that Tropical Disturbance 06F had developed along a trough of low pressure about 665 km (413 mi) to the northeast of Nadi, Fiji. [1] During that day convection surrounding the disturbance gradually became more organised, and early the next day, RSMC Nadi reported that it had intensified into a tropical depression. [2] On 22 January, The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started monitoring the system as Tropical Cyclone '08P'. [3] Later the same day, RSMC Nadi upgraded Tropical Depression 06F to a tropical cyclone and named it 'Wilma'. [4] Early on 24 January, RSMC Nadi further upgraded Wilma to a Category 2 Tropical Cyclone, and then Category 3 later that day. [5] [6] Wilma continued to strengthen and on 26 January, the RSMC Nadi upgraded it into a Category 4 Severe Tropical Cyclone. [7] Early on 27 January, Wilma entered TCWC Wellington's area of responsibility. [8] A few hours later, TCWC Wellington took full responsibility of Wilma, and downgraded it into a Category 3 Severe Tropical Cyclone. [9] The next day, Wilma continued to weaken and TCWC Wellington further downgraded it into a tropical cyclone. [10] Later that day, the JTWC, issuing their final warning, reported that the system took a southeast curve along the coast of North Island, New Zealand and started becoming extratropical. [11] A few hours later, the TCWC Wellington discontinued advisories, no longer considering it a tropical cyclone. [12]

Preparations, Impact and aftermath

American Samoa

Following harsh criticism for the lack of a warning siren after the 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami, in which more than 100 perished, the American Samoan Government ensured that residents were aware of Cyclone Wilma several days prior to its arrival. Many people boarded up their homes and Homeland Security was on standby in case of evacuations. As a precautionary measure, ten shelters were also opened on the island. [13]

On 23 January, Wilma passed directly over American Samoa, bringing winds in excess of 95 km/h (60 mph). [13] The local National Weather Service office recorded sustained winds of 66 km/h (41 mph) with gusts to 95 km/h (59 mph) while the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Earth System Research Laboratories on Cape Matatula, Tutuila, observed sustained winds of 93 km/h (58 mph) and gusts of 130 km/h (81 mph). [14] These winds downed numerous trees and power lines, leaving several towns and cities without electricity. [13] Several structures also had their roofs blown off. [15] Heavy rains amounting to 243 mm (9.56 in) triggered a few landslides but overall damage was light. [14] With that, the Pago Pago International Airport was closed and the American Samoa Governor, Togiola Tulafono ordered local government agencies to help those in need. [16] Wilma caused severe damage to the StarKist Samoa tuna cannery which was then shut down for a week. [17] Across the region, three fatalities due to drowning were blamed on the storm. One of these was a child who was swept away by a swollen river while he was playing near it. [18]

In the days after Wilma's passage, health officials warned residents to stay away from standing water as it may have been contaminated to prevent the spread of water-borne diseases. [19] Following preliminary assessments of damage, Governor Tulafono stated that there was sufficient losses to warrant an emergency declaration from President Barack Obama. However, he also requested that a second, in-depth report of the situation be made to better determine how to move forward; the second assessment was set to start on 27 January. [20] According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, power and water supplies were restored to all areas by 25 January and the airport was set to reopen that day. Harbours were to remain closed for several more days as debris was being cleared from coastal waters. [21]

Tonga and Lau Islands

After Wilma moved over American Samoa, a tropical cyclone alert was issued in Tonga and Lau Islands. [22] On the morning of 25 January, Wilma blew over Tonga as a severe tropical cyclone. [23] Major damage was reported in the Ha'apai Islands of Tonga. [24] Wilma also disrupted New Zealand Foreign Minister, Murray McCully's trip to Tonga. [25] Throughout Tonga, damage amounted to $3 million. [26]

New Zealand

Flooding in Kaukapakapa after Cyclone Wilma Flooding (5400123029).jpg
Flooding in Kaukapakapa after Cyclone Wilma

According to the media, Wilma was expected to approach the coasts of Cape Reinga on 29 January, as a Category 2 Tropical Cyclone. [27] In combination with previous flooding expected to be worsened by Wilma, officials in New Zealand evacuated numerous towns in the Thames-Coromandel District. [28] At least 70 people sought refuge in public shelters during the storm. [29]

As Cyclone Wilma brushed the North Island, it brought torrential rains to much of the region, with several areas recording 200 mm (7.9 in) during a 24‑hour span. [28] One station recorded 280 mm (11 in) in 12–14 hours. [30] With this, several areas neared record-breaking rainfall totals for the month of January. These rains, in combination with heavy rains a week prior, caused several rivers to swell. One river, the Whakatāne, was expected to reach levels seen in 50-year flood events. Large amounts of debris was reported to be flowing down rivers into the ocean. High winds accompanying these rains caused significant damage as well; several homes were destroyed and electricity was cut off to many towns and cities as power lines were felled. Numerous roads across the island were shut down due to treacherous conditions. Two rural towns, Waimana and Ruatoki Valley, were isolated by flooding as high water covered all roads leading to and from the areas. [28] In parts of the Coromandel Peninsula, sewage treatment plants were overwhelmed by the amount of rain and began spilling raw sewage into nearby communities as well as Whangamata harbour. [30] Along the slopes of Mount Maunganui, campers were forced to evacuate in the middle of the night as flood waters began to threaten their rest areas. [31] Several landslides were also reported during the passage of Wilma, cutting off roads and damaging homes. [31] On Waiheke Island, two residents managed to escape their cottage, after the family dog began barking outside, before the hill it was situated on gave way, destroying their house. [32]

Throughout New Zealand, damage from Wilma was at least NZ$25 million (US$19 million). [33] [34] While other cyclones have weakened and turned into extratropical storms that then hit New Zealand, Cyclone Wilma is the first known to hit New Zealand as a tropical cyclone. [35]

Retirement

The name Wilma was retired in 2012 and was replaced with Wano. [36]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season was one of the least active South Pacific tropical cyclone seasons on record, with only four tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific basin to the east of 160°E. The season officially ran from November 1, 2007, until April 30, 2008, although the first cyclone, Tropical Depression 01F, developed on October 17. The most intense tropical cyclone of the season was Severe Tropical Cyclone Daman, which reached a minimum pressure of 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) as it affected Fiji. After the season had ended, the names Daman, Funa, and Gene were retired from the tropical cyclone naming lists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2006–07 South Pacific cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2006–07 South Pacific cyclone season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. It began on November 1, 2006 and ended on April 30, 2007. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the southern Pacific Ocean east of 160°E. Additionally, the regional tropical cyclone operational plan defines a tropical cyclone year separately from a tropical cyclone season, and the "tropical cyclone year" runs from July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2004–05 South Pacific cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2004–05 South Pacific cyclone season was an above-average season in which tropical cyclones formed within the South Pacific Ocean to the east of 160°E. The season officially ran from November 1, 2004 to April 30, 2005, however a tropical cyclone could form at any time between July 1, 2004 and June 30, 2005 and would count towards the season total. The season got off to an early start, when Tropical Depression 01F developed near the Solomon Islands on October 28, three days before the official start of the season. The final disturbance of the season dissipated as the season was drawing to a close on May 1. The season was above-average in terms of activity, with 9 tropical cyclones and 5 severe tropical cyclones forming during the season. The season featured Cyclone Percy, the most intense of the season in terms of pressure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2003–04 South Pacific cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2003–04 South Pacific cyclone season was a below-average season with only three tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific to the east of 160°E. The season officially ran from November 1, 2003 to April 30, 2004 with the first disturbance of the season forming on December 4 and the last disturbance dissipating on April 23. This is the period of the year when most tropical cyclones form within the South Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2002–03 South Pacific cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2002–03 South Pacific cyclone season was the most active and longest tropical cyclone season since 1997–98, with ten tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific basin between 160°E and 120°W. The season started earlier than normal, with two systems developing before the official start of the season on November 1, 2002, while the final system dissipated on June 9, 2003, after the season had officially ended on April 30. During the season, tropical cyclones were officially monitored by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) in Nadi, Fiji and the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centres in Brisbane, Australia and Wellington, New Zealand. The United States Armed Forces through the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), also monitored the basin and issued unofficial warnings for American interests. RSMC Nadi attaches a number and an F suffix to tropical disturbances that occur within the basin, while the JTWC designates significant tropical cyclones with a number and a P suffix. RSMC Nadi, TCWC Wellington and TCWC Brisbane all use the Australian Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale and estimate windspeeds over a ten-minute period, while the JTWC estimates sustained winds over a one-minute period, which are subsequently compared to the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale (SSHS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the 2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season</span>

The 2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season was a below-average season with only four tropical cyclones, forming within the South Pacific to the east of 160°E. The season officially ran from November 1, 2007, to April 30, 2008, although the first cyclone, Tropical Depression 01F, formed on October 17.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008–09 South Pacific cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2008–09 South Pacific cyclone season was a below average tropical cyclone season, which featured six named tropical cyclones compared to an average of about nine. Ahead of the season officially starting on November 1, 2008, the Island Climate Update tropical cyclone outlook predicted that the season, would feature an average risk of tropical cyclones impacting the South Pacific between 160°E and 120°W. The first tropical disturbance of the season developed to the northeast of the Samoan Islands on December 1, however, it remained weak and was last noted during the next day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the 2008–09 South Pacific cyclone season</span>

The 2008–09 South Pacific cyclone season was a below-average season with only six tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific between 160°E and 120°W. The season officially ran from November 1, 2008 to April 30, 2009 with the first disturbance of the season forming on December 1 and the last disturbance moving out of the region on April 11.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Tam</span> Category 1 South Pacific cyclone in 2006

Tropical Cyclone Tam was the first named storm of the 2005–06 South Pacific cyclone season. Forming out of a tropical depression on January 6, the storm gradually intensified, becoming a tropical cyclone on January 12 and receiving the name Tam. Although it was traveling at a quick pace, the storm gained organization and reached its peak intensity with winds of 85 km/h (53 mph) the following day. However, the increasing forward motion of the storm, combined with strengthening wind shear, caused Tam to rapidly weaken on January 14. Around that time, it entered the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre in Wellington, New Zealand's area of responsibility. Shortly thereafter, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and dissipated early the next day. Cyclone Tam produced heavy rainfall and strong winds over American Samoa upon being named. The precipitation caused several mudslides and flooding, which inflicted $26,000 in damage. The storm also had minor effects on Niue, Tonga, and Futuna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009–10 South Pacific cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2009–10 South Pacific cyclone season began on December 3, 2009 with the formation of Tropical Disturbance 01F, 32 days after the cyclone season had officially begun on November 1, 2009. The season ended on April 30, 2010. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the southern Pacific Ocean east of 160°E. Additionally, the regional tropical cyclone operational plan defines a tropical cyclone year separately from a tropical cyclone season; the "tropical cyclone year" began on July 1, 2009 and ended on June 30, 2010. Tropical cyclones between 160°E and 120°W and north of 25°S are monitored by the Fiji Meteorological Service. Those that move south of 25°S are monitored by the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre in Wellington, New Zealand. The first tropical disturbance of the season formed on December 3, about 1015 km (700 mi) to the north of Suva, Fiji and later intensified into Tropical Cyclone Mick. The last system, 15F, dissipated on April 5 of the following year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1992–93 South Pacific cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 1992–93 South Pacific cyclone season was an above-average tropical cyclone season with ten tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific to the east of 160°E. The season officially ran from November 1, 1992, to April 30, 1993, with the first disturbance of the season forming on December 3 and the last disturbance dissipating on April 6.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1981–82 South Pacific cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 1981–82 South Pacific cyclone season was a slightly-below average South Pacific tropical cyclone season, with 6 tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific Ocean basin between 160°E and 120°W during the season. After this season, the names Gyan and Isaac were retired from the lists of names, after they caused significant impacts to South Pacific island nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1996–97 South Pacific cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 1996–97 South Pacific cyclone season was one of the most active and longest South Pacific tropical cyclone seasons on record, with 12 tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific basin between 160°E and 120°W. The season officially ran from November 1, 1996 - April 30, 1997, however, the season ended later than normal with three systems monitored after the official end of the season. The strongest tropical cyclone of the season was Cyclone Gavin which had a minimum pressure of 925 hPa (27.32 inHg). After the season had ended 4 tropical cyclone names were retired from the naming lists, after the cyclones had caused significant impacts to South Pacific islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1993–94 South Pacific cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 1993–94 South Pacific cyclone season was a near average tropical cyclone season with five tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific to the east of 160°E. The season officially ran from November 1, 1993, to April 30, 1994, with the first disturbance of the season forming on December 26 and the last disturbance dissipating on April 25.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the 2003–04 South Pacific cyclone season</span>

The 2003–04 South Pacific cyclone season was a below-average season with only three tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific to the east of 160°E. The season officially ran from November 1, 2003, to April 30, 2004, with the first disturbance of the season forming on December 4 and the last disturbance dissipating on April 23. This is the period of the year when most tropical cyclones form within the South Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the 2009–10 South Pacific cyclone season</span>

This timeline documents all of the events of the 2009–10 South Pacific cyclone season which is the period that tropical cyclones formed in the southern Pacific Ocean. Within the Southern Pacific Ocean, most tropical cyclones form within the cyclone season which began on November 1 and will end on April 30, though occasionally cyclones form outside these times. The scope of this article is limited to tropical cyclones that form in the Indian Ocean 160°E and 120°W to the south of the equator. Should a tropical cyclone form to the west of 160°E then it will be monitored within the Australian region by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, should a tropical cyclone form to the east of 120°W, it is unclear how it will be handled as no tropical cyclone has ever been observed in the South Pacific Ocean east of 120°W.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2010–11 South Pacific cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2010–11 South Pacific cyclone season was an average tropical cyclone season, with seven tropical cyclones and five severe tropical cyclones developing during the season. The season ran from November 1, 2010, until April 30, 2011, though if any tropical cyclones had developed between July 1, 2010, and June 30, 2011, the official tropical cyclone year, they would have been counted towards the season's total. Within the South Pacific basin tropical cyclones were officially monitored by the Fiji Meteorological Service's Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in Nadi, Fiji, north of 25°S, and to the south the Meteorological Service of New Zealand's Tropical Cyclone Warning Center in Wellington, New Zealand. Any disturbances forming in the region were designated with a sequential number suffixed by the letter F. In addition, the United States Military's Joint Typhoon Warning Center unofficially monitored parts of the basin during the season, where any systems judged to have achieved tropical storm strength or greater received a number suffixed with the letter P. RSMC Nadi and TCWC Wellington both use the Australian Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale, and measure wind speeds over a period of ten minutes, while the JTWC measures sustained winds over a period of one minute which can be applied to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale. Seven named storms formed or moved into the South Pacific basin during the 2010–11 season, the strongest of which was Severe Tropical Cyclone Wilma in late January.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011–12 South Pacific cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2011–12 South Pacific cyclone season was one of the least active South Pacific tropical cyclone seasons on record, with only three tropical cyclones occurring during the season. The season ran from November 1, 2011, to April 30, 2012, however, any tropical cyclones that form before June 30, 2012, would have fallen within the 2011–12 tropical cyclone year and would have counted towards the season total. The strongest and only severe tropical cyclone that occurred during the season was Severe Tropical Cyclone Jasmine, which tracked in from out of the South Pacific basin. Within the basin, tropical cyclones are monitored by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) in Nadi, Fiji, and the Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC) in Wellington, New Zealand. RSMC Nadi attaches an F designation to tropical disturbances that form in or move into the South Pacific. The United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issues unofficial warnings within the South Pacific, designating tropical storm-equivalent or greater tropical cyclones with a number and a P suffix. RSMC Nadi and TCWC Wellington both use the Australian Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale, and measure windspeeds over a period of ten minutes, while the JTWC measures sustained winds over a period of one minute and uses the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1995–96 South Pacific cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 1995–96 South Pacific cyclone season was a below average South Pacific tropical cyclone season's on record, with only five tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific Ocean to the east of 160°E. The season officially ran from November 1, 1995, until April 30, 1996. The first storm developed on January 12, while the last one dissipated on April 2. During the season the most intense tropical cyclone was Severe Tropical Cyclone Beti, which reached a minimum pressure of 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) as it affected New Caledonia. After the season ended Beti's name was the only name to be retired from the tropical cyclone naming lists and was replaced with Bune, after it inflicted over 5.6 million (USD) worth of damage to Australia, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and New Zealand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013–14 South Pacific cyclone season</span> Tropical cyclone season

The 2013–14 South Pacific cyclone season was a slightly below average tropical cyclone season, with six tropical cyclones occurring within the basin between 160°E and 120°W. The season ran from November 1, 2013, to April 30, 2014, however, the first four tropical disturbances occurred during October 2013 and were included as a part of the season. During the season, tropical cyclones were officially monitored by the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS), Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) and New Zealand's MetService. The United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and other national meteorological services including Météo-France and NOAA also monitored the basin during the season. During the season there were 21 significant tropical disturbances were assigned a number and an "F" suffix by the FMS's Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in Nadi, Fiji (RSMC Nadi), including the remnants of Tropical Cyclone Hadi from the Australian region. The BoM, MetService and RSMC Nadi all estimated sustained wind speeds over a period of 10-minutes and used the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale, while the JTWC estimated sustained winds over a 1-minute period, which are subsequently compared to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHS).

References

  1. ↑ RSMC Nadi – Tropical Cyclone Centre (19 January 2010). "Tropical Disturbance Summary January 19, 2010 09z". Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
  2. ↑ "Tropical Disturbance Summary 20 January 2010 09z". Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
  3. ↑ "JTWC Tropical Cyclone 08P Warning 01". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  4. ↑ "Storm Warning for Cyclone Wilma 22 January 2010 12z". Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  5. ↑ "RSMC Nadi Hurricane Warning 062 for Tropical Cyclone Wilma". Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original on 19 October 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
  6. ↑ "TROPICAL DISTURBANCE ADVISORY NUMBER A12 for TROPICAL CYCLONE WILMA". Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
  7. ↑ "HURRICANE WARNING 073 for TROPICAL CYCLONE WILMA". Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
  8. ↑ "JTWC Tropical Cyclone 08P Warning 11". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  9. ↑ "TCWC Wellington – HURRICANE WARNING 490". TCWC Wellington. Archived from the original on 19 October 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  10. ↑ "TCWC Wellington – HURRICANE WARNING 490". TCWC Wellington. Archived from the original on 19 October 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
  11. ↑ "JTWC Tropical Cyclone 08P Warning 14". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
  12. ↑ "Marine Weather Bulletin for Former Tropical Cyclone Wilma". Tropical Cyclone Warning Center, Wellington. Archived from the original on 23 October 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  13. 1 2 3 Vanessa Stewart (27 January 2011). "Tropical Cyclone Wilma passes, no major damage to American Samoa". KHON2. Archived from the original on 9 December 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  14. 1 2 American Samoa Event Report: Hurricane (Typhoon). National Weather Service Office in American Samoa (Report). National Climatic Data Center. 2011. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  15. ↑ "Cyclone Wilma blows over Samoa, strengthening en route to Fiji". Honolulu Star Advertiser. 24 January 2011. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
  16. ↑ "Pacific nations on cyclone alert". People's Daily. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
  17. ↑ "Cyclone causes cannery shutdown in American Samoa". Radio New Zealand International. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
  18. ↑ "Samoan flood deaths could have been avoided – disaster official". Radio New Zealand. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  19. ↑ "Health warnings in American Samoa following Cyclone Wilma". Radio New Zealand. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  20. ↑ "Gov. Togiola receives preliminary assessment for Tropical Cyclone Wilma; requests second report". Government of American Samoa. 25 January 2011. Archived from the original on 22 April 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  21. ↑ "National Situation Update: Tuesday, January 25, 2011". Federal Emergency Management Agency. 25 January 2011. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  22. ↑ "Cyclone alert for Tonga, Fiji". Australia News Network. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
  23. ↑ "Cyclone passes Tonga tourist spot". Fairfax New Zealand Limited. 24 January 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
  24. ↑ "Major destruction on Tonga's Ha'apai from Cyclone Wilma". Radio New Zealand International. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
  25. ↑ "McCully delays trip to Tonga". Radio New Zealand. 25 January 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
  26. ↑ United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (3 February 2011). "Tonga: Tropical Cyclone Wilma, Situation Report #1, 3 February 2011" (PDF). ReliefWeb. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  27. ↑ "Cyclone on track to strike New Zealand". Fairfax New Zealand Limited. 26 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
  28. 1 2 3 "Cyclone Wilma leaves trail of destruction". Radio New Zealand. 29 January 2011. Archived from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  29. ↑ "Cyclone Wilma batters New Zealand". Herald Sun. Australian Associated Press. 29 January 2011. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  30. 1 2 "Raw sewage overflows in Coromandel". The New Zealand Herald. 29 January 2011. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  31. 1 2 Tim Lambourne (29 January 2011). "Cyclone Wilma leaves trail across the North Island". 3News.NZ. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  32. ↑ ONE News (29 January 2011). "Lucky escape after house collapses". TV New Zealand. Archived from the original on 30 January 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  33. ↑ Abby Gillies (20 February 2011). "Cyclone leaves $25m bill". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
  34. ↑ "Northland counts cost of cyclone damage". Radio New Zealand. 2 February 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  35. ↑ "Tropics move into the upper North Island". The New Zealand Herald. 6 February 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
  36. ↑ RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (2024). Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-East Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean 2024 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Wilma
Wilma 2011-01-26 0900Z (gallery).jpg
Wilma prior to peak strength on January 26
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.