Cyclopentadienyl nickel nitrosyl

Last updated
Cyclopentadienyl nickel nitrosyl
CpNiNO.svg
Names
IUPAC name
azanylidyneoxidanium;cyclopenta-1,3-diene;nickel
Other names
Cyclopentadienylnickelnitrosyl (6CI);

Nickel, nitrosylcyclopentadienyl- (7CI);
Nickel, p-cyclopentadienylnitrosyl- (8CI);
(Cyclopentadienyl)nitrosylnickel;;
(h5-Cyclopentadienyl)(nitrosyl)nickel;
Cyclopentadienylnitrosylnickel(II);

p-Cyclopentadienylnitrosylnickel
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
PubChem CID
  • InChI=1S/C5H5.NO.Ni/c1-2-4-5-3-1;1-2;/h1-5H;;/q-1;+1;
    Key: RUGUYOINVVZVCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [CH-]1C=CC=C1.[Ni+]([N+]#[O-])
Properties
(C 5 H 5)Ni N O
Molar mass 153.7927 g/mol
AppearanceBlood-red liquid
Odor Unpleasant, disagreeable [1]
Melting point −41 °C (−42 °F; 232 K)
Boiling point 144–145 °C (291–293 °F; 417–418 K)
Insoluble [1]
Solubility Very soluble in all organic compounds
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Extremely Toxic (T+)
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-skull.svg GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazards (white): no code
4
0
1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Cyclopentadienyl nickel nitrosyl is an organonickel compound with the formula (C5H5)NiNO. It is a diamagnetic, volatile, relatively air-stable red liquid. It has been reported to be the simplest mono-cyclopentadienyl metal complex. [2] It is prepared by treating nickelocene with nitric oxide. [3] Its toxicity is said to be comparable to nickel tetracarbonyl. [2] The complex has C5v symmetry.

The compound reacts with lithium aluminium hydride to give the paramagnetic cluster (C5H5)4Ni4H3. [4]

The related pentamethylcyclopentadienyl complex (C5(CH3)5)NiNO is also known. [5]

Cyclopentadienyl nickel nitrosyl was the subject of several patents as a fuel additive. [6] [7] [8]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metallocene</span>

A metallocene is a compound typically consisting of two cyclopentadienyl anions (C
5
H
5
, abbreviated Cp) bound to a metal center (M) in the oxidation state II, with the resulting general formula (C5H5)2M. Closely related to the metallocenes are the metallocene derivatives, e.g. titanocene dichloride or vanadocene dichloride. Certain metallocenes and their derivatives exhibit catalytic properties, although metallocenes are rarely used industrially. Cationic group 4 metallocene derivatives related to [Cp2ZrCH3]+ catalyze olefin polymerization.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Organometallic chemistry</span> Study of organic compounds containing metal(s)

Organometallic chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds, chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a carbon atom of an organic molecule and a metal, including alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metals, and sometimes broadened to include metalloids like boron, silicon, and selenium, as well. Aside from bonds to organyl fragments or molecules, bonds to 'inorganic' carbon, like carbon monoxide, cyanide, or carbide, are generally considered to be organometallic as well. Some related compounds such as transition metal hydrides and metal phosphine complexes are often included in discussions of organometallic compounds, though strictly speaking, they are not necessarily organometallic. The related but distinct term "metalorganic compound" refers to metal-containing compounds lacking direct metal-carbon bonds but which contain organic ligands. Metal β-diketonates, alkoxides, dialkylamides, and metal phosphine complexes are representative members of this class. The field of organometallic chemistry combines aspects of traditional inorganic and organic chemistry.

Ferrocene is an organometallic compound with the formula Fe(C5H5)2. The molecule is a complex consisting of two cyclopentadienyl rings sandwiching a central iron atom. It is an orange solid with a camphor-like odor that sublimes above room temperature, and is soluble in most organic solvents. It is remarkable for its stability: it is unaffected by air, water, strong bases, and can be heated to 400 °C without decomposition. In oxidizing conditions it can reversibly react with strong acids to form the ferrocenium cation Fe(C5H5)+2. Ferrocene and the ferrocenium cation are sometimes abbreviated as Fc and Fc+ respectively.

Cyclopentadiene is an organic compound with the formula C5H6. It is often abbreviated CpH because the cyclopentadienyl anion is abbreviated Cp.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nickel(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Nickel(II) chloride (or just nickel chloride) is the chemical compound NiCl2. The anhydrous salt is yellow, but the more familiar hydrate NiCl2·6H2O is green. Nickel(II) chloride, in various forms, is the most important source of nickel for chemical synthesis. The nickel chlorides are deliquescent, absorbing moisture from the air to form a solution. Nickel salts have been shown to be carcinogenic to the lungs and nasal passages in cases of long-term inhalation exposure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nickelocene</span> Chemical compound

Nickelocene is the organonickel compound with the formula Ni(η5-C5H5)2. Also known as bis(cyclopentadienyl)nickel or NiCp2, this bright green paramagnetic solid is of enduring academic interest, although it does not yet have any known practical applications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Titanocene dichloride</span> Chemical compound

Titanocene dichloride is the organotitanium compound with the formula (η5-C5H5)2TiCl2, commonly abbreviated as Cp2TiCl2. This metallocene is a common reagent in organometallic and organic synthesis. It exists as a bright red solid that slowly hydrolyzes in air. It shows antitumour activity and was the first non-platinum complex to undergo clinical trials as a chemotherapy drug.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hapticity</span> Number of contiguous atoms in a ligand that bond to the central atom in a coordination complex

In coordination chemistry, hapticity is the coordination of a ligand to a metal center via an uninterrupted and contiguous series of atoms. The hapticity of a ligand is described with the Greek letter η ('eta'). For example, η2 describes a ligand that coordinates through 2 contiguous atoms. In general the η-notation only applies when multiple atoms are coordinated. In addition, if the ligand coordinates through multiple atoms that are not contiguous then this is considered denticity, and the κ-notation is used once again. When naming complexes care should be taken not to confuse η with μ ('mu'), which relates to bridging ligands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sandwich compound</span> Chemical compound made of two ring ligands bound to a metal

In organometallic chemistry, a sandwich compound is a chemical compound featuring a metal bound by haptic, covalent bonds to two arene (ring) ligands. The arenes have the formula CnHn, substituted derivatives and heterocyclic derivatives. Because the metal is usually situated between the two rings, it is said to be "sandwiched". A special class of sandwich complexes are the metallocenes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metal nitrosyl complex</span> Complex of a transition metal bonded to nitric oxide: Me–NO

Metal nitrosyl complexes are complexes that contain nitric oxide, NO, bonded to a transition metal. Many kinds of nitrosyl complexes are known, which vary both in structure and coligand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Organonickel chemistry</span> Branch of organometallic chemistry

Organonickel chemistry is a branch of organometallic chemistry that deals with organic compounds featuring nickel-carbon bonds. They are used as a catalyst, as a building block in organic chemistry and in chemical vapor deposition. Organonickel compounds are also short-lived intermediates in organic reactions. The first organonickel compound was nickel tetracarbonyl Ni(CO)4, reported in 1890 and quickly applied in the Mond process for nickel purification. Organonickel complexes are prominent in numerous industrial processes including carbonylations, hydrocyanation, and the Shell higher olefin process.

Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, IUPAC Recommendations 2005 is the 2005 version of Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry. It is a collection of rules for naming inorganic compounds, as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

In organometallic chemistry, a transition metal indenyl complex is a coordination compound that contains one or more indenyl ligands. The indenyl ligand is formally the anion derived from deprotonation of indene. The η5-indenyl ligand is related to the η5cyclopentadienyl anion (Cp), thus indenyl analogues of many cyclopentadienyl complexes are known. Indenyl ligands lack the 5-fold symmetry of Cp, so they exhibit more complicated geometries. Furthermore, some indenyl complexes also exist with only η3-bonding mode. The η5- and η3-bonding modes sometimes interconvert.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium cyclopentadienide</span> Chemical compound

Sodium cyclopentadienide is an organosodium compound with the formula C5H5Na. The compound is often abbreviated as NaCp, where Cp is the cyclopentadienide anion. Sodium cyclopentadienide is a colorless solid, although samples often are pink owing to traces of oxidized impurities.

Organoiron chemistry is the chemistry of iron compounds containing a carbon-to-iron chemical bond. Organoiron compounds are relevant in organic synthesis as reagents such as iron pentacarbonyl, diiron nonacarbonyl and disodium tetracarbonylferrate. Although iron is generally less active in many catalytic applications, it is less expensive and "greener" than other metals. Organoiron compounds feature a wide range of ligands that support the Fe-C bond; as with other organometals, these supporting ligands prominently include phosphines, carbon monoxide, and cyclopentadienyl, but hard ligands such as amines are employed as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhodocene</span> Organometallic chemical compound

Rhodocene is a chemical compound with the formula [Rh(C5H5)2]. Each molecule contains an atom of rhodium bound between two planar aromatic systems of five carbon atoms known as cyclopentadienyl rings in a sandwich arrangement. It is an organometallic compound as it has (haptic) covalent rhodium–carbon bonds. The [Rh(C5H5)2] radical is found above 150 °C (302 °F) or when trapped by cooling to liquid nitrogen temperatures (−196 °C [−321 °F]). At room temperature, pairs of these radicals join via their cyclopentadienyl rings to form a dimer, a yellow solid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Half sandwich compound</span> Class of coordination compounds

Half sandwich compounds, also known as piano stool complexes, are organometallic complexes that feature a cyclic polyhapto ligand bound to an MLn center, where L is a unidentate ligand. Thousands of such complexes are known. Well-known examples include cyclobutadieneiron tricarbonyl and (C5H5)TiCl3. Commercially useful examples include (C5H5)Co(CO)2, which is used in the synthesis of substituted pyridines, and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, an antiknock agent in petrol.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transition metal thiolate complex</span>

Transition metal thiolate complexes are metal complexes containing thiolate ligands. Thiolates are ligands that can be classified as soft Lewis bases. Therefore, thiolate ligands coordinate most strongly to metals that behave as soft Lewis acids as opposed to those that behave as hard Lewis acids. Most complexes contain other ligands in addition to thiolate, but many homoleptic complexes are known with only thiolate ligands. The amino acid cysteine has a thiol functional group, consequently many cofactors in proteins and enzymes feature cysteinate-metal cofactors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">(Cyclopentadienyl)titanium trichloride</span> Chemical compound

(Cyclopentadienyl)titanium trichloride is an organotitanium compound with the formula (C5H5)TiCl3. It is a moisture sensitive orange solid. The compound adopts a piano stool geometry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bis(allyl)nickel</span> Chemical compound

Bis(allyl)nickel is an organonickel compound with the formula Ni(η3-C3H5)2. The molecule consists of two allyl ligands bound to nickel(II). It has inversion symmetry. It is a volatile yellow liquid at room temperature.

References

  1. 1 2 Herrmann, Wolfgang A. (2014-05-14). Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 8, 1997: Volume 8: Transition Metals. Thieme. p. 89. ISBN   9783131792419.
  2. 1 2 Jolly, P. W. (2012-12-02). The Organic Chemistry of Nickel: Organonickel Complexes. Elsevier. p. 464. ISBN   9780323146906.
  3. Piper, T.S.; Cotton, F.A.; Wilkinson, G. (1955). "Cyclopentadienyl-Carbon Monoxide and Related Compounds of Some Transitional Metals". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1 (3): 165–174. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(55)80053-x.
  4. Koetzle, Thomas F.; Mueller, Joern; Tipton, Donald L.; Hart, Donald W.; Bau, Robert (1979). "Neutron diffraction analysis of the structure of tetrakis(.eta.-cyclopentadienyl)trihydrotetranickel". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 101 (19): 5631–5637. doi:10.1021/ja00513a030.
  5. Fomitchev, Dmitry V.; Furlani, Thomas R.; Coppens, Philip (1998). "Combined X-ray Diffraction and Density Functional Study of [Ni(NO)(η5-Cp*)] in the Ground and Light-Induced Metastable States". Inorganic Chemistry. 37 (7): 1519–1526. doi:10.1021/ic9713644.
  6. GBapplication 882747A International Nickel Co.: "Process of Making Cyclopentadienyl Nickel Nitrosyl Compounds" filing date 11.22.1961
  7. USapplication 3006742 Jerome E. Brown, Hymin Shapiro, Earl G. DeWitt/Ethyl Corporation: "Metal Cyclopentadienyl Compounds as Antiknock Additives" filing date 10.31.1961
  8. BEapplication 612084 Hubert T. Henderson/Shell Internationale: "Antiknock Fuels" filing date 06.28.1962