| Cymatoderma | |
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| Cymatoderma caperatum | |
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| Genus: | Cymatoderma |
| Type species | |
| Cymatoderma elegans Jungh. (1840) | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
Cymatoderma is a widely distributed genus of poroid fungi in the family Meruliaceae.
The fruit bodies of Cymatoderma fungi are typically funnel-shaped, fan-shaped, or semicircular. Fruit bodies growing next to each other can fuse together. The upper surface of the cap often has sharp ridges, although in some species this is partially obscured by a thick tomentum with a texture like felt. The fertile surface of the hymenium (spore-bearing surface) is generally covered with folds, undulations, or ridges, which can be in turn by smooth, warted, or spiky. The stipe ranges from well-developed in some species to barely present in others. [6]
Cymatoderma was circumscribed by botanist Friedrich Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn in 1842, with Cymatoderma elegans as the type species. [1] Cymatoderma dendriticum , originally described by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon as Thelephora dendritica in 1827, [7] is perhaps the earliest description of any Cymatoderma in the literature. [8] In 1842, Miles Joseph Berkeley transferred Thelephora dendritica to the genus Cladoderris. [3] Despite Junghuhn's earlier publication, this species became more commonly (and incorrectly) referred to as Cladoderris dendritica in its early history. This led to a number of synonyms created and a confusing taxonomy. It did not help that the type material of several species, located in the Berlin herbarium, was destroyed during the Second World War. [8] Marinus Anton Donk proposed to conserve the more popular name Cladoderris against the earlier Cymatoderma, but this was rejected by the authorities on Fungus nomenclature. [6] Today, the name Cladoderris is placed in synonymy with Cymatoderma, as well as the names Actinostroma, Beccariella, and Beccaria. [2]
Cymatoderma has traditionally been classified in the family Meruliaceae. [9] Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that Cymatoderma is polyphyletic, with some species related to Podoscypha , and another group, including the type species, grouped together in a distant location in the residual clade of the Polyporales. [10] In a recently proposed family-level classification of the Polyporales, Alfredo Justo and colleagues proposed to include these latter Cymatoderma species ( sensu stricto ) in the new family Panaceae. Species closely related to Podoscypha, including Cymatoderma dendriticum and C. pallens , are better classified in the family Podoscyphaceae. [11]
A 2008 estimate placed nine species in the genus. [9] As of June 2018 [update] , Index Fungorum accepts 14 species in Cymatoderma: [12]
An earlier member of this genus, Cymatoderma cristatum, has since been transferred to Podoscypha as Podoscypha cristata .
The Polyporales are an order of about 1800 species of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The order includes some polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics. Many species within the order are saprotrophic, most of them wood-rotters. Some genera, such as Ganoderma and Fomes, contain species that attack living tissues and then continue to degrade the wood of their dead hosts. Those of economic importance include several important pathogens of trees and a few species that cause damage by rotting structural timber. Some of the Polyporales are commercially cultivated and marketed for use as food items or in traditional Chinese medicine.
Junghuhnia is a genus of crust fungi in the family Steccherinaceae. It was circumscribed by Czech mycologist August Carl Joseph Corda in 1842. The generic name honours German-Dutch botanist Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn.
Abundisporus is a small genus of poroid fungi currently with seven recognized species. They differ from other polypores in having coloured rather than hyaline spores.
Cotylidia is a fungal genus characterized by small to moderately sized, white to palely yet brightly colored, stalked, fan-shaped to funnel-shaped fruit bodies with a smooth to wrinkled hymenium, tissues composed of monomitic hyphae, basidia producing smooth, nonamyloid spores, the absence of clamp connections, and bearing projecting cylindrical, thin-walled, hymenial cystidia. The genus is classified in the Hymenochaetales, however the type species, C. undulata has not yet been sequenced. Phylogenetically-related agaricoid fungi to the two species of Cotylidia thus far sequenced are in the genera Rickenella, Contumyces, Gyroflexus, Loreleia, Cantharellopsis and Blasiphalia, and Muscinupta and the clavarioid genus, Alloclavaria.
The Meruliaceae are a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 47 genera and 420 species. As of April 2018, Index Fungorum accepts 645 species in the family.
The Phanerochaetaceae are a family of mostly crust fungi in the order Polyporales.
The Steccherinaceae are a family of about 200 species of fungi in the order Polyporales. It includes crust-like, toothed, and poroid species that cause a white rot in dead wood.
Gloeoporus is a genus of crust fungi in the family Irpicaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution.
Climacodon is a widespread genus of tooth fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae.
Podoscypha is a genus of fungi in the family Meruliaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 35 species.
Hjortstamia is a genus of corticioid fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae. It was circumscribed by French mycologists Jacques Boidin and Gérard Gilles in 2003.
Ischnoderma is a genus of polypore fungi. Species in the genus have dark brown and tomentose fruit bodies that become darker brown to black and smooth when mature. The genus, widespread in temperate regions, contains an estimated 10 species.
Irpex is a genus of corticioid fungi in the order Polyporales. Species produce fruit bodies that grow as a crust on the surface of dead hardwoods. The crust features an irpicioid spore-bearing surface, meaning it has irregular and flattened teeth. Irpex is distinguished from the similar genera Junghuhnia and Steccherinum by the simple septa found in the generative hyphae.
Loweomyces is a genus of six species of poroid fungi in the family Steccherinaceae.
Stereopsis is the sole genus of fungi in the family Stereopsidaceae. The genus was formerly placed in the family Meruliaceae in the order Polyporales but was found to belong in its own order along with the genus Clavulicium. Stereopsis was circumscribed by English mycologist Derek Reid in 1965. It contains species that form funnel-shaped basidiocarps as well as the corticioid species Stereopsis globosa which was formerly considered a species of Clavulicium. The species Stereopsis humphreyi and Stereopsis vitellina were found to belong in the Agaricales and Atheliales respectively in a molecular phylogenetics study, and because of this do not belong in Stereopsis, but they have not yet been transferred to their own genera.
Aurantiporus is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Meruliaceae. Circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1905, the genus contains five species found mostly in northern temperate regions. Molecular analysis of several Aurantiporus species suggests that the genus is not monophyletic, but some other related polypore species need to be sequenced and studied before appropriate taxonomic changes can be made. In 2018, Viktor Papp and Bálint Dima proposed a new genus Odoria to contain Aurantiporus alborubescens based on multigene phylogenetic analyses. The generic name is derived from the Latin aurantius ("orange") and the Ancient Greek πόρος (pore).
Lopharia is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Károly Kalchbrenner and Peter MacOwan in 1881.
Hydnopolyporus is a genus of two species of fungi. The genus was circumscribed in 1962 by English mycologist Derek Reid with H. fimbriatus as the type species.
The Gelatoporiaceae are a small family of crust fungi in the order Polyporales. The family was circumscribed in 2017 by mycologists Otto Miettinen, Alfredo Justo and David Hibbett to contain the type genus Gelatoporia and three other related genera, Cinereomyces, Obba, and Sebipora.
The Irpicaceae are a family of mostly polypores and crust fungi in the order Polyporales.
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