The Daewoo Royale is a series of mid-size cars that was produced by Daewoo in South Korea from 1983, being replaced by the Daewoo Prince in 1991, although production of the top-line Daewoo Imperial continued until 1993.[2] The Royale's predecessor was launched in 1972 by General Motors Korea (GMK)[n 1] as the Rekord, becoming the Saehan Rekord in 1976 when Saehan Motors replaced GMK, until production ended in 1978. This car was a version of the German Opel Rekord D.[4]
The second generation Saehan Rekord was a development of the Opel Rekord E. Production began in 1978, along with the Saehan Royale. The Royale was the Rekord E bodyshell with the front grafted on from the Opel Senator A. The Saehan Royale became the Daewoo Royale in 1983, with Saehan Rekord being discontinued and incorporated into the Royale lineup as the Daewoo Royale XQ. In 1989, the flagship Daewoo Imperial was introduced, based on the standard Royale. While Royale production (excepting taxis) ended in 1991, Imperials continued until 1993, being replaced by the Daewoo Arcadia.[5]
General Motors Korea (GMK) launched the Rekord in August 1972.[7] The GMK Rekord was based on the German-designed Opel Rekord D.[8] In August 1975, a version of the Rekord, known as the Rekord Royale was launched by GMK.[7] The Royale version was based on the Opel Commodore B, which was essentially the Opel Rekord with a lengthened engine bay.[9] 12,005 Royales were produced between 1975 and 1978.[10] In November 1976, GMK changed its name to Saehan Motors,[7] and as a result, the Rekord and Rekord Royale became the Saehan Rekord[11] and Saehan Rekord Royale.[12]
Second generation (1978–1993)
Motor vehicle
Second generation
Overview
Alsocalled
Daewoo Imperial
Production
August 1978 – May 1989 (Saehan Royale Diesel/Daewoo Royale Diesel)
August 1978 – June 1991 (Saehan Royale/Daewoo Royale Prince)[13]
September 1980 – June 1991 (Saehan Royale Salon/Daewoo Royale Salon/Royale Salon Super/Royale Super Salon)
August 1983 – May 1989 (Daewoo Royale XQ/Royale Duke)
The second generation Saehan Rekord was based on the Opel Rekord E. It was introduced in 1978 along with the Saehan Royale, which was essentially the Rekord E, featuring the front-end of the larger Senator A.[18]
In January 1983, after Daewoo gained control, Saehan Motors changed its name to Daewoo Motors. At the same time the Saehan Royale was renamed Daewoo Royale,[19] and the Saehan Rekord was absorbed in the Royale range, becoming known as the Royale XQ.[20] Production of the XQ ended in 1987.[21]
1986–1987 Daewoo Royale Salon Super
Until November 1984, Royale body panels were stamped by Holden in Australia, where the Rekord-Senator hybrid was manufactured there as the Holden Commodore.[22] After November 1984, Daewoo began pressing their own panels on a newly installed production line.[22] The E1 bodystyle continued to be built as the Royale XQ and Diesel, while the Prince received the Senator A2's front end. All Korean-built shells, however, received a unique rear pressing with large, somewhat sloped rectangular taillights, which increased the length by about 5cm (2in).[23] The Royale Salon continued with the Senator A1 front end until it received a whole new front in 1987. The Royale Salon Super was introduced in 1986. However, unlike other Royales that utilised the Opel Rekord E2/Senator A2 hybrid with the four-window glasshouse design, the Salon Super used the six-window design from the Senator A.[24] A second design revision came in 1987 with a new front-end design, featuring a revised grille and headlamps, along with minor trim changes. While lower-specification versions such as the Royale Salon retained the four-window design, the Royale Super Salon continued using the six-window design from the now discontinued Salon Super.[25] The old-style XQ and Diesel received an all new front end of a smooth, upright, and rectangular appearance. 1989 marked another design change; the Royale Prince inherited a new grille insert and adopted the six-window glasshouse.[26] From 1989, Daewoo introduced the top-of-the-range Imperial, which was marketed separate from the Royale range.[27] Imperial production ended in 1993, replaced by the Daewoo Arcadia.[28]
Daewoo Royale engines were four-cylinder Opel units,[29] with Daewoo offering the Royale in several different levels of luxury: the Diesel, Salon, Duke, XQ, and Prince:[30]
Royale Diesel[31] (May 1980–April 1989): As the Royale Duke Diesel from early 1987; fitted with Opel's 2.0-liter diesel engine.[32]
Royale Salon[33] (September 1980 – September 1991): fitted with a 1979cc engine and three-speed automatic transmission. This powertrain combination produced 100PS (74kW) (DIN) and 156N⋅m (115ft⋅lb) (DIN). Top speed was claimed at 176km/h (109mph).[34]
Royale Salon Super[31] (March 1986 – 1987): This fully equipped model (digital dashboard, trip computer, EFI, etcetera) uses the Senator's six-window glass house.[35]
Royale Super Salon[36] (1987–1991): a facelift model of the Royal Salon Super with 2.0-liter EFI engine with trip computer, 9-band Equalizer audio and Seat Heating.[37]
Royale XQ[38] (August 1983 – 1987): fitted with a 1492cc engine and four-speed manual transmission. This powertrain combination produced 44kW (60PS; 59hp) (DIN) and 100N⋅m (74ft⋅lb) (DIN). Top speed was claimed at 135km/h (84mph).[39]
Royale Duke (February 1987 – March 1989): a new lower-end model fitted with a more modern 1498cc engine.[40]
Duke City (April 1988 – 1989): a version intended for taxi use, fitted with a 1.6-liter LPG engine. This became the Royale Prince LPG (also with a 2-litre engine) after 1989.
Royale Prince[41] (July 1983–June 1991): used the E2 bodywork, fitted with a 1897cc engine and four-speed manual transmission. This powertrain combination produced 63kW (86PS; 84hp) (DIN) and 142N⋅m (105ft⋅lb) (DIN). Top speed was claimed at 168km/h (104mph).[42]
Daewoo Imperial[43] (February 1989 – mid-1993): the Imperial was the ultimate development of the Royale, developed in response to the Hyundai Sonata and Grandeur.[28] Imperial styling was reminiscent of the contemporary Chrysler Imperial and New Yorker, but also some Japanese luxury sedans. Its formal roofline, and much revised front- and rear-end styling helped to cover up the car's Opel Senator roots.[44] Imperial was specified with a vinyl roof, Boschanti-lock brakes, digital instrumentation, cruise control, automatic climate control air conditioning, power windows, power door locks, power steering, a trip computer, and leather upholstery.[43] A 2969cc engine and four-speed automatic transmission was also fitted.[43] This powertrain combination produced 135kW SAE (184PS) and 230N⋅m (170lb⋅ft), or 115kW DIN (156PS).[44][43] Top speed was claimed at 195km/h (121mph).[45] Outdated, and with a negative reputation for quality, the Imperial was outclassed by the new Hyundai Grandeur and only 863 examples were built in a little over four years.
Schaefers, Martin (1998–2008). "Rekord body history". Far East Auto Literature. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
Notes
1 2 GMK was a joint venture established by Shinjin Motors and General Motors, not related to the GM Korea established in 2002 subsequent to Daewoo's bankruptcy.[3]
↑ ""한국 자동차 역사""["Korean Automobile History"]. call999.or.kr. South Korea: Car Sarang. 2009-04-30. Archived from the original on 2005-08-16.
↑ ""자동차 박물관 - (자동차 역사, 국내)." 최인정의 자동차 박물관"["Automobile Museum - (Automobile History, Domestic)." Choi In-jeong's Automobile Museum.]. myhome.shinbiro.com. South Korea: Shinbiro.com. 2009-04-30. Archived from the original on 2009-04-22.
1 2 Robertson (1984), p. 32. "Currently, Commodore panels, pressed by GM-H, are used in the Daiwoo [sic] Royale. But that contract won't be repeated. While I was there they were installing a new line of presses that will, by November, be pressing the panels."
↑ Robertson (1984), p. 31. "...a car called the Royal [sic] made by Daiwoo [sic] using Holden Commodore body panels shipped from Melbourne and Opel 1.9- and 2.0-litre four-cylinder engines..."
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