Daewoo Espero

Last updated

Daewoo Espero
1995 Daewoo Espero CDXi 2.0 Front.jpg
Overview
Manufacturer Daewoo
Also calledDaewoo Aranos (Spain)
ProductionAugust 1990–1999
Assembly Bupyeong, South Korea (Daewoo Motor Corporation)
Aksay, Russia (Doninvest)
Warsaw, Poland (FSO) [1]
Craiova, Romania (Rodae) [2]
Designer Bertone under Marc Deschamps
Body and chassis
Class Mid-size car (D)
Body style 4-door saloon
Layout FF layout
Platform GM T
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission 4-speed Aisin 50-42LE automatic
5-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase 2,620 mm (103.1 in)
Length4,615 mm (181.7 in)
Width1,718 mm (67.6 in)
Height1,388 mm (54.6 in)
Curb weight 1,108 kg (2,443 lb)
Chronology
Successor Daewoo Leganza (for Espero 2.0)
Daewoo Nubira (South Korea)

The Daewoo Espero (also known as Daewoo Aranos in Spain) is a four-door, five-seater mid-sized saloon produced by the South Korean company Daewoo Motors from September 1990 to 1997. The Espero was the first car entirely developed by Daewoo, which until then had only manufactured models developed by Opel. With the body designed by Bertone, the model is based on the platform of the Daewoo LeMans, [3] a badge engineered version of the Opel Kadett manufactured in South Korea. The engines were supplied by Holden, with options ranging from the GM Family 1 1.5L to the GM Family II 2.0L. The Espero was replaced by the Daewoo Nubira in 1997, but continued to be produced until 1999 in Eastern Europe.

Contents

Development

In the mid-1980s, Daewoo Motors was looking to enter in the mid-sized saloon market, which already had competitors like the Hyundai Sonata. To that end, it began developing a new model in 1986, codenamed "J-Car" (not to be confused with General Motors' J-Car, the company's worldwide car project from the 1980s). [4] It then acquired from Bertone a body design previously discarded by Citroën, which would be used in the future successor of the Citroën BX. [5] With access to General Motors technologies limited by contractual terms, [6] Daewoo made extensive use of parts already being used on the Daewoo LeMans production. The steering, suspension, brakes and powertrain systems were the same as those used on the LeMans. [3] The platform was also derived from the LeMans, but elongated behind the B-pillar to give the Espero longer wheelbase than the LeMans. [7]

The Espero debuted on the Korean market in August 1990. [8] The Espero achieved very good results in the wind tunnel, at 0.29 Cd. [8]

Prototype

There was also a prototype that looked very similar to the Espero. This prototype is called DEV 2 (DEV meaning Daewoo Electric Vehicle) and was presented in 1995 at the Korea Motor Show in Seoul together with the Daewoo Bucrane concept, Tico concept, Nexia, Arcadia and the NGV3 concept. It was basically a version of the Espero but made out of recyclable materials which did not impact the environment. The DEV 2 had a redesigned front. This prototype was shown only in South Korea and only once at these fairs. It was painted white pearl and had 'DEV' badges in blue at the rear doors, its interior was white and the rims where a three spoke design and white as well.

Under the hood it was powered by an electric motor which was a water-cooled AC induction motor (86 kW) with performance figures with 0–100 km (0-60 mph) acceleration of 13 seconds. Top speed was around 85 mph. 22 new lead acid batteries were laid on the floor of the body, and one charge distance of 80 km (49.7 miles) was carried out. [9] [10]

It was said that the perfection was high but the performance and the range as an electric car was low.

Other Dimensions

Espero Dimensions
Trunk Capacity560 litres
Fuel Tank Capacity50 litres
Climbing Angle29.5°

Asian

South Korea

1991 Daewoo Espero 1.jpg
1991 Daewoo Espero 2.jpg
1991 Daewoo Espero (South Korea)
20111009 daewoo espero 1.jpg
20111009 daewoo espero 2.jpg
Daewoo Espero (Facelift, South Korea)

In Korea, the Espero made its debut in August 1990. The styling was very different from the European Espero's, including no badge at the front but at the rear and on the steering wheel; the badge was black and had white three waves and white writing 'ESPERO' underneath it. The first version had different rear lights which the brake and indicator lights extended to the boot lid (though there were no illuminating lights at the boot lid) and differently styled hubcaps.

In the pre-facelift, the range consisted of two models, named '1.5 DOHC' (being the base model) which had standard hubcaps and then the '2.0 SOHC' which had different styled hubcaps. The '2.0 SOHC' also had a version with package, being the top of the range model.

In the cabin of the Korean Espero, a different steering wheel and an electronic dash was available with orange letters and accents. The steering wheel was slightly different from the three-spoke wheels in Europe, and more like the steering wheel from an Opel Vectra A/Vauxhall Cavalier MK3 except that the badge was different (again, the black emblem). No airbag was available. The front door cards were different: rather than the wrap-around design in European models, the vents were more square like and the grab handle was more ergonomic rather than just a pocket design. The centre console was flat and more angular.

In late 1991, a facelift of the Espero was made. This included redesigned hubcaps (base model), a black badge saying 'ESPERO' at the rear, the rear lights were redesigned and now the black badge was put at the front. The boot opening was redesigned with a swivel badge over the keyhole to open the boot. This also meant the trim levels were revised, the base model being the 1.5 MPFi and the 2.0 MPFi (or with the package).

In 1994, a second facelift was made with the front logo changed from the black badge to a separated oval, with the same on the steering wheel). A new model was introduced, the 1.8 MPFi (which had alloy wheels and a 1.8 engine). [11]

Production ended in 1997.

Advertising

In 1993, (2 adverts) they compared spacecraft technology and used racing drivers to demonstrate how powerful the Espero was. [12]

In 1994, (second facelift) it was advertised that the Espero was available as the following models: 1.5 DOHC, 1.5 MPFi and the 2.0 SOHC. [13]

Thailand

In Thailand, the Espero made its debut in 1994, imported from South Korea.

Europe

1995 Daewoo Espero CDXi 2.0 Rear.jpg
1995 Daewoo Espero rear view (Europe)

European imports began in January 1995 when it was one of two cars (the other being the Nexia) in the first European Daewoo range.

It sold well, thanks to its competitive asking price, notchback roofline with a steeply raked rear window, spacious interior, luggage compartment, impressive equipment levels and the comprehensive aftersales package.

Despite the fact the Espero also featured couple of drawbacks as outdated interior design backing to the 80's, mediocre fuel economy and its body fairly prone to corrosion it still maintained popularity among price-conscious drivers.

The Espero was launched just months before the Vauxhall Cavalier (Opel Vectra A) was discontinued and the Vauxhall Vectra (Opel Vectra B), the Cavalier's replacement, was introduced.

In all European markets, there were option stickers at the back of the window in white writing ('ABS' for example).

United Kingdom

When Daewoo arrived in the UK at the beginning of 1995, Daewoo was aiming the Espero to the Cavalier and Mondeo market, [14] plus providing good promotions and offers in the package. This included a 3 year/60,000 mile warranty (this could be extended to a 5 year/100,000 mile warranty for an extra £350), a six-year anti-corrosion warranty, 3 years free servicing, maintenance and AA membership (which looked after breakdowns or accidents). Every replacement of parts were free, except for tyres. If the car broke down, needed servicing or was in an accident, they would bring a courtesy car. Once the vehicle was fixed, they gave the vehicle back and collected the courtesy car (this was in the AA membership). Plus, there was free delivery number plates, one-year free road tax and a full tank of petrol. There was also a free 'N' plate replacement for a free upgrade for the first 1,000 customers who bought a new Daewoo; it would then be replaced in August 1995. [15] Daewoo also provided fixed prices (no haggling) and they claimed this was the best way of selling a car.

From 23 December 1996, another promotion was added, three years' free insurance. [16]

Pricing

These were the listed prices in the UK:

GLXi: £10,695

CDi: £11,995

CDXi: £12,250

With all the options selected, Daewoo claimed these prices were up to 40% less than its competitors. [17]

However, on 29 March 1996, Daewoo announced these prices were risen to the following (although the price of the 1.8 CDi remained the same) from 1 April 1996: [18]

GLXi: £11,495

CDi: £11,995

CDXi: £12,995

Then, on 10 October 1996, Daewoo announced that the day after, they will extend the range of all their models with and without air-conditioning, so with the Espero GLXi, these were the following prices (* = without air-conditioning): [19]

GLXi*: £10,995

GLXi: £11,495

CDi: £11,995

CDXi: £12,995

On 6 December 1996, Daewoo announced that from 9 December 1996 they will raise the prices of their range reflecting changes made to the vehicles for 1997 model year (Espero prices): [20]

GLXi: £11,735

CDi: £12,375

CDXi: £13,735

Range, reviews and production halt

In the UK, the range consisted of three trim levels. The base model was the GLXi that had a 1.5 DOHC engine, GLXi emblems at the body wings and (some) boot, hubcaps, electric windows, ABS, power steering, drivers airbag, sunroof and radio/cassette. Air-conditioning was a free option (before, air-conditioning was an £880 option) [21] so was automatic transmission from May 1996 onwards. Then, there was the CDi model which got a 1.8-litre SOHC engine for a step up, CDi emblems at the body wings and (some) '1.8 CDi' emblem at the boot though air-conditioning was standard. Alloy wheels were optional for the CDi model. Finally, there was the CDXi which had a 2.0-litre SOHC engine, CDXi emblems at the body wings, (some) '2.0 CDXi' emblem at the boot lid, alloy wheels and a CD player as well. From May 1996, a six-disc CD autochanger was standard on the 2.0 CDXi. [21] [22] All models got the same four-spoke steering wheel.

The Espero was also given an 'AUTOMATIC' badge at the boot lid for those which had an automatic transmission or (sometimes) a 'TWIN CAM 8v' badge on the 1.5 GLXi models. The dealer plates had the writing 'DAEWOO' in a black background with the phone number, a black line going through either side with the number plate ID under the number plate. In the UK, the Espero was not sold with a third brake light, a spoiler with a third brake light nor the three-spoke steering wheel.

When AA (Automobile Association) tested the Espero CDi in October 1995, they rated it high because of its aftersales package and equipment it provided but criticised because of its electrical issues and lacking some safety features. In conclusion, they claimed that it was like 'cash-and-carry groceries or 'flat-pack-furniture from a warehouse store' which meant it did the job as a decent family car but this lied to the fact that it was new at the time yet it was generously priced and equipped than anything else at the price. [23]

Plus, AA (Automobile Association) later did an extension test in a revamped Espero 1.8 CDi in July 1996 to see their experience with it. They had a few niggles with it but as time moved on it had less problems. Overall, they claimed that ride and fuel economy is reasonable. [24] In the 1996 revamp (although pre-facelifts were sold at the time), this included four-shot washer jets rather than two shot ones, door mirrors fold flush with body flanks, indicator fenders revised, rear light housings in boot less vulnerable, gear lever surround modified and a better RDS radio.

People were not sure what was the replacement for the Espero (though it was claimed to be the Leganza), but a new Daewoo range was added in September 1997 (Lanos, Nubira, Leganza) and in 1998 the Matiz. Despite this, the Espero was sold until December 1997 (late R reg examples). [25]

Rarity

One of the main reasons the Espero became so rare was because of an ABS control module which was not only difficult to replace but also very expensive when it was faulty. This led to many MOT failures so many owners got rid of their Esperos. Plus, there were many electrical problems (central locking, wiper, radio, light faults). Also, their resale value was very low so it depreciated rapidly as soon as their warranties ran out so these are considered worth little value. [26] Spare parts were also quite difficult to find as they did not sell well in the first place and the fact that because the Korean economy was affected, so Daewoo could not provide much spare parts. In Q4 2023, only 9 Esperos were left roadworthy in the UK out of the 16k on the road in 1999.

Poland

In Poland, there were only two models, GLX and CD. The base model 'GLX' came with a 1.5 litre DOHC engine, a three-spoke steering wheel, electric windows, hubcaps, (some) a third brake light and a 'DOHC 16V' badge at the back (for colour reasons, the badge is black if the car is white and white if the car is in another colour). No airbags were available for the GLX model. The pricier 'CD' model came with a 1.8 SOHC or a 2.0 SOHC engine, a four-spoke steering wheel with (some) a drivers airbag (though some still had a three-spoke one), and (some) air-conditioning.

The Espero was praised however for its durability and long-term reliability, so taxi drivers often used them.

Production started in 1996. Very shortly there was a facelift at the same year (revised door mirrors and indicator fenders). Poland was the only country that offered the Espero the longest in production which ended in December 1999. In 2000 the last copies could be purchased from the showrooms. No wonder that interest in Espero has fallen, since Nubira was extremely popular in Poland and the Nubira II was announced in 2000.

Reviewing

When Auto Świat tested the Espero 2.0 CD back in January 1996, they claimed that it was decent to drive, spacious and had an outdated 80's interior design. In their conclusion its far-eastern competitors were doing a better job (Nissan Primera, Mazda 626) and the fact that 'attractive prices and rich furnishings will convince them of the "Korean" - and these are not the worst argument these days.' [27]

Netherlands

In Netherlands, the market started in 1995 and terminated in 1997. There were two trim levels with three engines. The base model was named 'GLX' with a 1.5 DOHC engine and also what Poland got. Then, there was the second model which was named 'CD' and had either a 1.8 SOHC engine or a 2.0 SOHC engine. The 1.8 litre and the 2.0 litre had hubcaps as standard but some got air-conditioning. Automatic transmission, a spoiler and different types of alloy wheels [28] [29] were optional on all models.

Promotions were provided, this included a three-month/3,000 km refund period, three-year/50,000 km maintenance warranty, three-year/100,000 km warranty, three-year paint warranty and a six-year anti-corrosion warranty.

A facelift was introduced in 1996, including revamped door mirrors and indicator fenders. Limited edition models included the 'Executive' which basically was a sumptuous version of the Espero. The badges were located at the body wings, had alloy wheels, it had automatic transmission and had wooden trims inside for a more executive look. This was actually a package rather than a separate model. There was also the 'Colour Design' model which had special type alloy wheels. [30] [31]

Depending on the specification, these were the following prices:

Espero Specifications and Prices in Netherlands [32]
Trim LevelEngine Size (litres)Fuel TypeTransmissionNew Prices
GLX1.5PetrolManual€14,746
GLX1.5PetrolAutomatic€16,288
CD1.8PetrolManual€15,880
CD1.8PetrolAutomatic€17,423
CD2.0PetrolManual€17,468
CD2.0PetrolAutomatic€19,011

Spain

The Espero was marketed as 'Aranos' because the word 'Espero' translated to 'I hope' or 'I wait'. Production started in 1995. There were two trim levels, 'GLX' and 'CDX'. The GLX was the base model which had a 1.5 DOHC engine with all other extras (power windows, power mirrors, hubcaps, (some) 'DOHC 16V' badge). Then there was the CDX which was available with either a 1.8 or a 2.0 SOHC engine. Other equipment included air-conditioning. A spoiler with a third brake light and different type alloy wheels were optional.

A facelift was introduced in 1996, including revamped door mirrors and indicator fenders.

South America

Brazil

In 1994, the Espero was launched in the Brazilian market, imported from South Korea. Only one engine was available, the C20LE with multipoint fuel injection. The badging and details were just like the second facelift Espero in Korea (being in 1994). The following models were sold:

The CD was the top-of-the-range model which included all the necessary extras with some options: electric sunroof, "CD" emblems at body wings, leather seats, driver's side air bag, ABS, CD player, and automatic transmission. All models had the three-spoke steering wheel (see Poland section).

In 1995, the Espero was updated which included new badging, and minor changes to the exterior and interior. The rear "ESPERO" black badge remained. Only one trim level was available (CD). Some Espero's had a "2000i" emblem at the back to represent the engine type. Espero imports ceased in 1998.

Australia

1995-1997 Daewoo Espero CD sedan 02.jpg
1995-1997 Daewoo Espero CD sedan 03.jpg
1995-1997 Daewoo Espero CD (Australia)

Advertising

When Daewoo first came in Australia, they used the slogan in their advert, "The Daewoo Espero. Beware of expensive imitations". They claimed the boot was bigger than the Commodore and the Falcon and they also provided promotions which included a (whichever came first) 3 year/100,000 km warranty. The starting price was from $23,750. [33]

Production

In Australia it was sold from 1995 to 1997 before it was claimed to be replaced by the Leganza. Throughout its production, it was only powered by one engine, the 2.0 litre GM Family II engine. This engine was Australian built and was exported to other countries for assembly. There was also only one trim level, it was called the 'CD'. It was well equipped, this included all-round electric windows and electric mirrors, a five-speed manual gearbox, air-conditioning, power steering, remote trunk release and an AM/FM stereo radio with a CD player. There was also 'ESPERO 2.0i' emblems in white at the side skirts for the rear doors which no other markets have. The only optional items were a four-speed automatic transmission with overdrive and ABS/Airbag (combined safety option). The steering wheel was a three spoke design which was included for other markets (see Poland section) and the automatic transmission lever and writings had a different design as well.

In 1996, there was a facelift which included revamped wing mirrors and indicator fenders.

Social culture

Top Gear 1997

In Top Gear 1997, the Espero was placed 39th out of 120 in an 'N' registration JD power survey. This was due to the fact that it had too many electrical and miscellaneous problems. [34]

Also, Top Gear tested out both Nexia and Espero models to see the experience of how they fared against its rivals. They said the way the Espero drove was 'pretty dull and undynamic' because it had ancient Vauxhall Cavalier mechanicals however reliability was reasonable, the resale value was average and according to the people's experience they were well-warrantied, reliable and a manufacturer who cared more than most. [35]

Design Quirks

The Espero had some unusual quirks unlike some of its rivals:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ford Laser</span> Motor vehicle

The Ford Laser is a compact car, originally a subcompact car in the first three generations, which was sold by Ford in Asia, Oceania, and parts of South America and Africa. It has generally been available as a sedan or hatchback, although convertible, wagon and pick-up versions have also been available in different markets. The sedan, and briefly station wagon, versions were badged Ford Meteor in Australia between 1982 and 1987. The Ford Meteor name was also used in South Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Opel Vectra</span> Compact executive car manufactured by Opel

The Opel Vectra is a mid-size car that was engineered and produced by the German automaker Opel from 1988 until 2010. Available in saloon, hatchback and estate body styles, the Vectra was also sold by the Vauxhall marque in the United Kingdom as the Vauxhall Cavalier from 1988 to 1995 and then as the Vauxhall Vectra from 1995 to 2008, and it was also sold by Holden in Australia as the Holden Vectra, by Chevrolet in Latin America as the Chevrolet Vectra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mazda Capella</span> Motor vehicle

The Mazda Capella, also known as the 626 in Europe, North America and Southeast Asia, is a mid-size car that was manufactured by Mazda from 1970 until 2002. Sold in the Japanese domestic market under the Capella name, the vehicle was also commonly known in other major markets as the Mazda 626. Ford, Mazda's partner at the time, also used the Capella platform to create the Ford Telstar and Ford Probe. 4,345,279 of the 626 and Telstar models were sold worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Opel Calibra</span> Coupe produced by Opel

The Opel Calibra is a coupé, engineered and produced by the German automaker Opel between 1989 and 1997. In the United Kingdom, where it remained on sale until 1999, it was marketed under the Vauxhall brand as the Vauxhall Calibra. It was also marketed as the Chevrolet Calibra in South America by Chevrolet, and the Holden Calibra in Australia and New Zealand by Holden.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chevrolet Aveo (T200)</span> American Subcompact car

The Chevrolet Aveo (T200) is the first generation of the Chevrolet Aveo, a subcompact automobile nameplate from the Chevrolet division of the American manufacturer General Motors. The T200 was launched in 2002, developed by the initially-independent South Korean manufacturer Daewoo, later GM Korea. It was originally marketed as the Daewoo Kalos and prominently marketed with the Chevrolet brand as the Aveo. The model received the T200 internal codes during the car's development. The T250 code was designated for the model's major facelift.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi Lancer</span> Japanese automobile

The Mitsubishi Lancer is an automobile that was produced by the Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi Motors from 1973 until 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kia Sephia</span> Motor vehicle

The Kia Sephia is a compact car that was manufactured by the South Korean automaker Kia Motors from September 1992 to 2003.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kia Credos</span> Motor vehicle

The Kia Credos was Kia's first self developed mid-size family sedan, which went on sale in South Korea in 1995, and in Australia in 1998. The Credos is based on the fifth generation Mazda Capella/Cronos, which was also sold as the Mazda 626.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honda Concerto</span> Motor vehicle

The Honda Concerto is a car produced from 1988 to 1996. Designed to aim at European tastes, it was jointly developed by Honda and the Austin Rover Group and was introduced in Japan on 15 June 1988, and in European markets in October 1989. Japanese production finished in October 1992 and British production finished in 1995. The car was named for the musical composition and was a successor to the second generation Honda Ballade, a higher specification Honda Civic. All Japanese versions were exclusive to Japanese Honda dealerships called Honda Clio.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daewoo LeMans</span> Motor vehicle

The Daewoo LeMans is a compact car, first manufactured by Daewoo in South Korea between 1986 and 1994, and between 1994 and 1997 as Daewoo Cielo — a car mechanically identical to the LeMans, differentiated only by its modified styling cues. Like all Daewoos preceding it, the LeMans took its underpinnings from a European Opel design. In the case of the LeMans, the GM T platform-based Opel Kadett E was the donor vehicle, essentially just badge engineered into the form of the LeMans, and later as the Cielo after a second more thorough facelift.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daewoo Leganza</span> Motor vehicle

The Daewoo Leganza is an executive car (E-segment), sometimes classified as luxury large family car (D-segment), that was manufactured and marketed by the automobile manufacturer Daewoo. The Leganza was available as a front engine, front-wheel drive, four door, five passenger limousine in South Korea over a single generation for model years 1997-2002 and internally designated as the V100.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daewoo Nubira</span> Motor vehicle

Daewoo Nubira is a compact car which was produced by the South Korean automaker Daewoo from 1997 to 2002 as a 4-door sedan, 5-door hatchback and a 5-door station wagon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daewoo Lacetti</span> Compact car by GM Korea

The Daewoo Lacetti is a compact car manufactured and marketed globally by GM Korea since 2002. The first-generation Lacetti was available as a four-door sedan and five-door station wagon, styled by Pininfarina—and five-door hatchback styled by Giorgetto Giugiaro. The sedan and wagon were marketed as the Daewoo Nubira in some European markets and as the Suzuki Forenza in North America. The hatchback, was introduced in 2004 and marketed as Daewoo Lacetti5 in South Korea, Suzuki Reno in the United States. After the 2004 model year, it was marketed as Chevrolet Nubira and Lacetti in Europe, as the Chevrolet Optra in Canada, Latin America, Africa, Middle East, India, Japan and Southeast Asia, and as the Holden Viva in Australia and New Zealand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daewoo Lanos</span> Motor vehicle

The Daewoo Lanos is a compact / sedan car produced by the South Korean manufacturer Daewoo from 1997 to 2002, and thereafter produced under license agreements in various countries worldwide. It has also been marketed as the Daewoo Sens, ZAZ Sens and ZAZ Lanos in Ukraine, Doninvest Assol and ZAZ Chance in Russia, FSO Lanos in Poland, or Chevrolet Lanos in Ukraine, Russia, and Egypt.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GM Family 1 engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The GM Family I is a straight-four piston engine that was developed by Opel, a former subsidiary of General Motors and now a subsidiary of PSA Group, to replace the Vauxhall OHV, Opel OHV and the smaller capacity Opel CIH engines for use on small to mid-range cars from Opel/Vauxhall. The engine first appeared in the Opel Kadett D in 1979, and shortly afterwards in its Vauxhall badged sister – the Vauxhall Astra Mk.1 in 1980. Despite this, the previous Opel OHV engine continued to be sold in entry level versions of the Opel Kadett/Astra and Corsa throughout the 1980s.

The Kia Concord is a four-door sedan produced by South Korea's Kia from 1987. It is a license-built version of the 1982 Mazda Capella, and all versions accordingly used Mazda four-cylinder engines. The Capital/Concord lineup underwent a series of facelifts, eventually becoming the "New Capital" and "New Concord" in marketing material. Production of the Concord ended in 1995, while the cheaper Capital continued until late 1996. In 1996, Kia replaced the car with the Kia Credos, which they based on the Mazda GE Platform.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daewoo Tosca</span> Motor vehicle

The Daewoo Tosca is a mid-size car designed by Daewoo in South Korea and marketed by Chevrolet as the Chevrolet Epica and Chevrolet Tosca, while Holden marketed it as the Holden Epica. Codenamed V250, it replaces the Daewoo Magnus and its derivatives. The Chevrolet Epica was officially launched in Europe at the 2006 Geneva Motor Show. The Tosca is noteworthy in that it is available with transversely-mounted straight-six engines. Contrary to the preceding models, which were styled by Giugiaro, the V250 was designed entirely in-house.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota Corolla (E90)</span> Motor vehicle

The Corolla E90 was the sixth generation of cars sold by Toyota under the Corolla nameplate, introduced in 1987 for the 1988 model year. It was the last generation of Corolla to be classified as a subcompact car and the first to be exclusively front-wheel drive or all-wheel drive; the performance option of rear-wheel drive was dropped.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota Corolla (E120)</span> Motor vehicle

The Toyota Corolla (E120/E130) is the ninth generation of compact cars sold by Toyota under the Corolla nameplate. In Japan, this series arrived to the market in August 2000; however, exports were typically not achieved until 2001 and 2002 depending on the market.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honda Civic (sixth generation)</span> Motor vehicle

The sixth-generation Honda Civic is an automobile produced by Honda from 1995 until 2000. It was introduced in 1995 with 3-door hatchback, 4-door sedan and 2-door coupe body styles, replicating its predecessor's lineup. The sixth-generation Civic offered two new 1.6-liter 4-cylinder engines and a new continuously variable transmission (CVT) on the HX model. The coupe and sedan are 2.3 in (58 mm) longer and the hatchback is 4.3 in (109 mm) longer than the previous-generation Civic. This was the last generation of Civic to have front double-wishbone suspension, as the succeeding seventh generation would change the front suspension to a MacPherson strut.

References

  1. "UkrAVTO Corporation. FSO". Ukravto.ua. Archived from the original on 24 April 2009. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
  2. "Daewoo Automobile Romania, 6 ani" (in Romanian). Daewoo.ro. Archived from the original on 6 April 2001. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  3. 1 2 "[특별했던 차]대우자동차의 에스페로". 모토야 (in Korean). 29 September 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  4. "대우자동차, 신개발 J-카 "에스페로"로 명명". hankyung.com (in Korean). 8 August 1990. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  5. JACOBS, A. J. (2021). The Korean Automotive Industry, Volume 1: Beginnings To 1996. Springer Nature. p. 182. ISBN   978-3030863470.
  6. CHANG, Young Chul (1997). "Broken Strategic Alliance: A Case of Daewoo-GM Joint Venture". Journal of Management Case Research. 31: 50.
  7. "Daewoo Espero - Raízes no Monza ou no Vectra?". Carros Coreanos (in Portuguese). 29 July 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  8. 1 2 "Daewoo Espero - Citroen z Korei". darewnoo.pl. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  9. "Daewoo DEV-2 - Information". 국산 자동차 이것저것 (Domestic Cars). 13 October 2007.
  10. "Daewoo News - Concept Cars". Darewnoo. 13 June 1995.
  11. "Chronologia Daewoo Espero - NOWA WERSJA | filmyn". www.darewnoo.pl. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
  12. Daewoo Espero 1993 F-14 commercial (korea) 30s+30s , retrieved 3 August 2019
  13. "Korean Espero Advert - 1994". Darewnoo. 3 August 2019.
  14. "Daewoo News - Daewoo reveals two cars for Britain". Darewnoo. 8 June 1994.
  15. "Daewoo News - Free 'N' plate replacement". Darewnoo. 31 August 2019.
  16. "Daewoo News - Major Addition to Customer Package". 23 December 1996.
  17. Mx 64 (27 December 2018), Top Gear 1995 - Daewoo's Road Test, archived from the original on 13 December 2021, retrieved 15 July 2019{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. "Daewoo News - Free Options". Darewnoo. 17 June 1996.
  19. "Daewoo News - Model Range Extended". Darewnoo. 10 October 1996.
  20. "Daewoo News - Prices Increase". Darewnoo. 6 December 1996.
  21. 1 2 "Daewoo News - Free Options". Darewnoo. 17 June 1996.
  22. "Daewoo News - Corrections". Darewnoo. 9 June 1996.
  23. Daewoo Espero 1.8 CDi road test AA - https://www.theaa.com/staticdocs/pdf/carreports/AA_REPORTS/DAEWOO_ESPERO_1.8CDI_SALOON_R9509.PDF
  24. Daewoo Espero 1.8 CDi July 1996 revamped extension test - https://www.theaa.com/staticdocs/pdf/carreports/AA_REPORTS/DAEWOO_ESPERO_1.8CDI_R9652A.PDF
  25. "Daewoo News - 3 New Models from Daewoo". Darewnoo. 7 August 1997.
  26. "Daewoo Espero (1995)". Honest John. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  27. "Daewoo Espero 2.0 CD - koreańska Ascona". www.auto-swiat.pl (in Polish). 7 June 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  28. "Daewoo Espero Colour Design". Darewnoo. 8 September 2019.
  29. "Daewoo Espero CD". Darewnoo. 8 September 2019.
  30. "Daewoo Espero Executive Advertisement - The Netherlands". Darewnoo. 13 September 2015.
  31. "Daewoo Special Editions Brochure 1996". VEIKL. 1996. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
  32. "Daewoo Espero Specifications and prices - Netherlands". Auto Week. 16 August 2019.
  33. ☾ENG☽ 103 TV adverts with Daewoo from Europe, Australia and the USA! (1994-02). Official channel Darewnoo.pl. 8 September 2014. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2019 via YouTube.{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)[ unreliable source? ]
  34. "Top Gear 'N' reg survey". Youtube. 24 April 2009.
  35. TopGear, Daewoo, 1997, 24 February 2014, archived from the original on 13 December 2021, retrieved 10 August 2019

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Daewoo Espero at Wikimedia Commons