Dapalis Temporal range: | |
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Specimen of D. macrurus from France | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Family: | Ambassidae |
Genus: | † Dapalis Gistl, 1848 |
Type species | |
† Perca minuta de Blainville, 1818 | |
Species | |
See text | |
Synonyms | |
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Dapalis is an extinct genus of prehistoric glassfish known from the Middle Eocene to the Early Miocene. It is known from both freshwater and estuarine habitats of much of mainland Europe. [1]
It is one of the oldest glassfishes known in the fossil record, and is thought to be a stem group member of the Ambassidae as it appears to predate the most recent common ancestor of modern glassfish, which likely evolved in the early Cenozoic in freshwater habitats of Australia. [2] Fossils are abundant throughout Europe, especially during the late Paleogene and early Neogene, in the form of both body fossils and otoliths.
Dapalis was a common fish in estuarine and freshwater habitats of Europe from the mid-Paleogene to the early Neogene. When early marine ambassids first arrived to Europe in the Eocene, it would have been an island archipelago with the few freshwater habitats being restricted to these islands. Dapalis, as with several other early freshwater fish from Cenozoic Europe, descends from marine ancestors that colonized estuarine and eventually freshwater habitats. [3]
Dapalis is the second most common fossil fish of the Aix-en-Provence lagerstatte in France, where large numbers of articulated specimens are known. A specific site dating to the latest Oligocene has extremely abundant fossils of an indeterminate Dapalis species that replaces the D. minutus of slightly earlier sites in the same region. A roadcut near Avignon has another exposure of the Aix-en-Provence formation, with extremely abundant D. minutus and another undescribed species, to the extent that a nearby blind alley is nicknamed the "Impasse des Dapalis". [4] [5]
A highly speciose assemblage of freshwater Dapalis is known from the Early Oligocene of Serbia, comprising at least 5 species known from articulated specimens with in-situ otoliths. This marks the most diverse assemblage of freshwater Dapalis and the most diverse fossil assemblage of Dapalis containing both otoliths and articulated skeletons. This group appears to have inhabited an isolated freshwater habitat and is highly morphologically distinct from other European Dapalis species, suggesting that they were either highly adapted to this environment or represented a unique lineage of Dapalis that arrived to Europe independently of other lineages. [3]
Some fossil otoliths of Dapalis are abundant enough to be regional index fossils, with Dapalis formosus, an abundant species of the western Paratethys Sea, indicating the regional Ottnangian stage of the Miocene for example. [6] [7]
The following species are known from both body fossils & otoliths. Many were initially classified in the preoccupied genus Smerdis, which was described based on an unrelated centropomid but included the earlier-described species D. minutus as the type species. Other species once classified in Smerdis likely do not belong to this genus. [8] [3]
Primarily based on Ahnelt & Bradić-Milinović (2024): [3]
The following species were originally classified in this genus but are not incorporated in later studies:
The former otolith-based species D. bhatiai and D. buffetauti from the Maastrichtian of India are now synonymized with one another and are thought to belong to the genus Anthracoperca . [18] The species D. budensis is now placed in the percoid genus Oligoserranoides . [8] [19] Former species D. sandbergeri, D. rhoensis, and D. sieblosensis are now synonymized with one another and placed in the genus Dapaloides . [20] Specimens of the former species Smerdis indica from Monte Bolca, Italy are now known to be of the percoid fish Cyclopoma . Fossil otoliths from New Zealand, placed in D. antipodus, are now tentatively placed in Ambassis . [3]
Lates is a genus of freshwater and euryhaline lates perches belonging to the family Latidae. The generic name is also used as a common name, lates, for many of the species.
The Asiatic glassfishes are a family, the Ambassidae, of freshwater and marine ray-finned fishes that were formerly classified in the order Perciformes, but most authorities consider this order to be paraphyletic and that the Ambassidae are of uncertain affinities, incertae sedis, but within the subseries Ovalentaria. The species in the family are native to Asia, Oceania, the Indian Ocean, and the western Pacific Ocean. The family includes eight genera and about 51 species. Some species are known as perchlets.
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The Paratethys sea, Paratethys ocean, Paratethys realm or just Paratethys, was a large shallow inland sea that covered much of mainland Europe and parts of western Asia during the middle to late Cenozoic, from the late Paleogene to the late Neogene. At its greatest extent, it stretched from the region north of the Alps over Central Europe to the Aral Sea in Central Asia.
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Dapaloides is an extinct genus of prehistoric estuarine ray-finned fish that lived during the early Oligocene to the early Miocene epoch. Many of the remains now assigned to this genus were previously assigned to Dapalis. It was previously classified as a "percichthyid" under a former treatment of the family, but is now treated as an indeterminate perciform.
Enoplophthalmus is an extinct genus of prehistoric freshwater smelt that inhabited Europe during the Oligocene and early Miocene epoches, from the Rupelian to the Aquitanian. It appears to be closely related to the modern capelin. Until the description of the Paleocene-aged Speirsaenigma from Canada, it was the oldest known fossil smelt genus.
Eokrefftia is an extinct genus of lanternfish that inhabited the seas around Europe and Australia throughout the Paleogene. Known only from its distinctive fossilized otoliths, it appears to be one of the earliest definitive fossil members of the lanternfish lineage. It may belong to the extinct subfamily Eomyctophinae.
Eolates is an extinct genus of prehistoric lates perch from the Paleogene of Europe. It contains three species, two marine and one freshwater, known from the early-middle Eocene and Late Oligocene.
Valencia is the only genus in the family Valenciidae. Valencia is a genus of ray-finned fishes. It is sometimes grouped into the family Cyprinodontidae. Members of this genus are restricted to southern Europe.
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