Daraa and As-Suwayda offensive (June 2015)

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Daraa and As-Suwayda offensive (June 2015)
Part of the Syrian Civil War
2015 Suwayda Offensive.svg
Map showing the rebel advances and government counterattack
Date9–18 June 2015 (1 week and 2 days)
Location
Daraa Governorate and As-Suwayda Governorate, Syria
Result Partial Southern Front-led rebel victory
Territorial
changes
  • Rebels capture Brigade 52, al-Rakham, al-Meleha al-Gharbia, al-Koum checkpoint and Sakakah [1]
  • SAA recaptures Sakakah [2]
  • Rebels temporally seized the western half of the al-Thula airbase, [3] [4] before being forced to retreat the next day [5]
Belligerents
Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg Free Syrian Army
Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria) (Black).svg Islamic Front [6] 		Flag of the United Arab Republic (1958-1971), Flag of Syria (1980-2024).svg Syria
Commanders and leaders
Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg Col. Ziad Salamat (WIA) [7]
Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg Lt. Col. Najm [8] 		Flag of the United Arab Republic (1958-1971), Flag of Syria (1980-2024).svg Brig. Gen. Issam Zahreddine [9]
Flag of the United Arab Republic (1958-1971), Flag of Syria (1980-2024).svg Brig. Gen. Abdul-karim al-Haimi [10]
(al-Thula airbase commander)
Flag of the United Arab Republic (1958-1971), Flag of Syria (1980-2024).svg Brigade 52 garrison commander
Flag of the United Arab Republic (1958-1971), Flag of Syria (1980-2024).svg Col. Loay al-Salem  † [11]
(head air intelligence in as-Suwayda)
Flag of the United Arab Republic (1958-1971), Flag of Syria (1980-2024).svg Col. Wael Kamel Hadad   † [12]
Units involved

Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg Southern Front

Jaysh Al Islam white flag.svg Jaysh al-Islam [6]
Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria) (Black).svg Ahrar ash-Sham [14]

Flag of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces (1980-2024).svg Syrian Armed Forces

Civil flag of Jabal ad-Druze (1921-1936).svg Jaysh al-Muwahhideen [16]
Strength
2,000 (Southern Front claim) [17] Unknown
Casualties and losses

36 killed (SOHR claim) [18] [19]

125+ killed (government claim) [20] [21] 		28 killed and 3 captured (SOHR claim) [18] [22]
83 killed (Southern Front claim) [17]
1 Sukhoi Su-24 aircraft lost [23]
7 BMP-1s & 3 T-72 tanks captured [24]

The Daraa and As-Suwayda offensive (June 2015) (titled "The battle of the crushing of the tyrants" by the Southern Front) [25] was launched in eastern Daraa Governorate during the Syrian Civil War, by the Southern Front of the Free Syrian Army and allied Islamic Front rebel group against government positions in and around the 52nd Mechanized Brigade base [24] (Liwa 52), [26] which housed an infantry unit, an artillery battalion and a T-72 tank battalion. [27] The offensive moved directly onto nearby al-Thula airbase in western As-Suwayda Governorate after the swift capture of Brigade 52. [3] However, after initially managing to capture parts of the airbase, the rebels were forced to withdraw. [5]

Contents

The offensive

Brigade 52 base

On 9 June, the Southern Front [28] launched the offensive [29] after evacuating the residents of al-Hirak for "security reasons" on 7 June. [30] After less than six hours of fighting, [31] the Brigade 52 base (which was the largest government-held base in Daraa), the town of al-Meleha al-Gharbia and al-Rakham village were captured. [29] [30] The rebels fired more than 100 missiles at the base during the attack. [31] Opposition forces were seen using French APILAS anti-tank weapons for the first time in this battle. [32] The Army retreated to the al-Thula airbase, while the Syrian Air Force covered the retreat. [14] According to the SOHR, 35 rebels, including three commanders, [18] and 28 soldiers were killed. [22] The military made no comments about the loss of the base. [33]

al-Thula airbase

On 10 June, rebels announced the start of the battle for the al-Thula airbase in western As-Suwayda Governorate (which has a mostly Druze population, and few Muslims) and began targeting it with mortars and artillery. [34] Rebels seized the al-Koum checkpoint and Sakakah village to the east of Brigade 52 and near the airbase. [1]

By 11 June, rebels had captured parts of al-Thula airbase, with a Southern Front spokesman stating that they expected to capture the entire base by the end of the day. [3] Government reinforcements were sent to the area [35] and managed to recapture parts of the airbase. [36] The reinforcements included NDF and Jaysh al-Muwahhideen (Druze militia) fighters. [14] [16] The next day, the rebel attack on the airbase was repelled, with the rebels retreating [37] from the western part of the base they had captured the day before. Al Jazeera reported that fighting at the airbase continued amid more than 70 airstrikes in the area as rebels attempted to capture a town near the base and cut military supply lines. [4] Later, it was confirmed the military had regained full control of the airbase. [5] The state news agency SANA reported the rebels suffered heavy casualties in the failed attack on the airbase, with at least 100 militants being killed. [20]

The Southern Front claimed that they pulled out of al-Thula airbase due to ongoing negotiations with the Druze community and the killing of 23 Druze villagers in Idlib, which had complicated the situation. [38] Several days later, a new claim, by the pro-opposition Syrian Mirror, asserted that the assault was called off after the Southern Front operations room in Jordan disagreed with the direction of the offensive, having not green-lighted the taking of al-Thula airbase. Southern Front member's wages were stopped to convince them to cease the attack. [39] Rebels saw Druze involvement in the government militias as key to stopping the opposition advance on the airbase, while a leader of a group leading the attack asserted Assad was exploiting sectarianism and that the Druze know the "regime is collapsing and cannot protect them", while also claiming that there was coordination between the opposition and "the sheikhs of Sweida". [40]

Meanwhile, on 11 June, rebels of the Southern Front reportedly shot down a SyAAF MiG passing over the Brigade 52 base with AA fire. [33] State TV denied the MiG was shot down and instead said it crashed due to a technical failure and that the pilot successfully managed to eject himself. [41] The SOHR also reported on conflicting accounts of what caused the crash and the fate of the pilot. [42] Footage later emerged of opposition forces using a SA-7 MANPADS. [43]

On 14 June 17 Daraa-based rebel groups belonging to the Free Syrian Army and Islamic Front signed a statement in which they assured the Druze that they weren't after a sectarian war. [44] Major Essam al-Rayes stated that there would be further attempts to control the airbase, but no plans to seize areas of Sweida province. [45]

On 15 June, the SAA, backed by Druze militia, repelled another rebel assault on the airbase, leaving 25 rebels dead, [21] after rebels initially advanced into the airbase. According to the SOHR, about 20 government fighters were killed and wounded in the attack, [46] while the SAA reported seven soldiers and officers killed, including Colonel Loay al-Salem (head of the air intelligence in as-Suwayda) [11] and 23 wounded that day. [47] The following day, the rebels announced they had halted their operations at al-Thula. [39]

In the end, despite seizing the Brigade 52 base, [3] the rebels failed to capture the main road to the capital Damascus. [48]

Army counter-attack

On 17 June, Druze militia, backed by the 5th Armored Division, launched a counter-attack on rebel positions near the al-Thala airbase and recaptured Sakakah and its hill by the next day. [49] [2]

On 27 June, government forces advanced near Tell Sheikh Hussein, to the south of the airbase, [50] and reportedly captured the hill. [51]

Strategic analysis

The Brigade 52 base has been described as the "most important", largest and heavily-equipped army base in Daraa province, as well as a "key military base". Its capture would bring the rebels "very close" to the al-Thula airbase. [14] [15] [30] According to Syria Direct, the fall of the base leaves the government with only two military garrisons along the main supply line between Damascus and Daraa city. [52] The collapse of the military's defense of the strategic Brigade 52 base in the south has been seen as part of a pattern of defeats for the government, with Charles Lister, a visiting fellow at the Brookings Doha Center stating "What seems to be happening is a redrawing of the power map in Syria, with the regime seemingly more willing to cede territory outside of its most critically valuable zones." [53] An analyst from the Institute for Strategic Studies stated that the fall of the base to the Southern Front weakens the government's defenses around the capital of Damascus, and bolsters opposition control of Daraa province which stands at 70%; Southern Front spokesman Issam al-Reis stated that "We have most of Daraa liberated, our lines of defense behind us are solid, and now we can start the operation toward Damascus and the highway leading to it". [17] The government had reportedly been aware of the impending offensive for months and the speed with which the Brigade 52 base fell, in the opinion of Stratfor, indicated how weakened the Syrian military had become. [24]

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See also

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References

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  20. 1 2 h.said (12 June 2015). "The army establishes control over more areas in Qalamoun, intensifies operations in southern region".
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