| Dasypeltis scabra | |
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| D. scabra after swallowing an egg | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Genus: | Dasypeltis |
| Species: | D. scabra |
| Binomial name | |
| Dasypeltis scabra | |
| Synonyms | |
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Dasypeltis scabra, also known commonly as the common egg eater, the egg-eating snake, and the rhombic egg eater, [1] is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Africa.
D. scabra is found in sub-Saharan Africa. [1]
D. scabra grows to a total length (tail included) of 40–46 inches (100–120 cm), and has almost toothless jaws. Dorsally, it has a series of rhomboidal dark brown spots on a lighter background. There is an alternating series of brown spots on each side and a distinct V-shaped mark at the back of the neck. Ventrally it is yellowish, either uniform or with dark dots. [2]
It has been suggested that non-venomous D. scabra is a mimic of venomous Echis carinatus , the saw-scaled viper, which it strongly resembles. [3]
Typical specimens of D. scabra even more closely resemble Causus rhombeatus , the rhombic night adder. The colouration of E. carinatus generally tends to be more reddish and brown, instead of shades of grey and black; and the V-shaped mark on its head is more patchy than in the other two species.
C. rhombeatus is not as slim as D. scabra, and its dorsal scales, unusual among viperids, are at most slightly keeled, whereas D. scabra scales not only are keeled, but in some parts of the body are finely saw-toothed so that, when an alarmed snake rubs them against each other, they emit a threatening hissing sound. The species does not hiss in the usual manner at all. Both species typically have well-defined V-shaped markings on the head and neck, but in C. rhombeatus the marking extends forward on the head, whereas in D. scabra it is mainly on the neck.
Furthermore, the two species also may be distinguished by the shape of the pupil of the eye. Snakes of the genus Dasypeltis have vertically slitted pupils, whereas snakes of the genus Causus have round pupils. [4] However, in dim light the vertical pupils expand till they are rounded, so this is not necessarily a reliable criterion for distinguishing the species.
D. scabra can be found in a variety of habitats, at altitudes from sea level to 2,600 m (8,500 ft). [1] It is not found in closed-canopy forests nor in true deserts, but does inhabit most ecosystems between these extremes. [5]
The rhombic egg eater is nocturnal. Although mainly terrestrial, it is a good climber and is known to scale rock outcroppings and climb trees to raid birds' nests. [5]
D. scabra feeds exclusively on eggs. The lining of the mouth has small, parallel ridges, very similar to human fingerprints, which aid in grasping the shell of an egg. Once swallowed, the egg is punctured by specialized vertebral hypapophyses which extend into the esophagus. The shell is then regurgitated in one piece, and its contents passed along to the stomach. [6]
When disturbed, D. scabra inflates itself, "hisses" by rapidly rubbing together the rough, keeled scales on the sides of its body, and strikes with its mouth kept wide open. [7]
D. scabra is oviparous. In summer, a sexually mature female may lay one or two clutches of 6–25 eggs each. The eggs measure 36 mm × 18 mm (1.42 in × 0.71 in). Hatchlings are 21–24 cm (8.5–9.5 in) in total length. [5]
The boomslang is a highly venomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to Sub-Saharan Africa.
Leptophis ahaetulla, commonly known as the lora or parrot snake, is a species of medium-sized slender snake of the family Colubridae. The species is native to Central America and northern South America.
The brown-banded water snake is a species of aquatic snake found in tropical South America and Trinidad and Tobago. It is also known as the water mapepire.
Dasypeltis is a genus of snakes, also known commonly as egg-eating snakes or egg-eaters, in the subfamily Colubrinae of the family Colubridae. The genus is one of only two taxonomic groups of snakes known to have adapted to feed exclusively on eggs. Dasypeltis are non-venomous and found throughout the continent of Africa, primarily in forested or wooded habitats that are also home to numerous species of birds.
Causus is a genus of vipers found only in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a group considered to be among the most primitive members of the family Viperidae based on head scalation, oviparity, venom apparatus, and because they have round pupils. However, this is contradicted by recent molecular studies. Seven species are currently recognized as being valid. They are commonly known as night adders. Like all other vipers, they are venomous.
Echis is a genus of vipers found in the dry regions of Africa, the Middle East, India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. They have a characteristic threat display, rubbing sections of their body together to produce a "sizzling" warning sound. The name Echis is the Latin transliteration of the Greek word for "viper" (ἔχις). Like all vipers, they are venomous. Their common name is "saw-scaled vipers" and they include some of the species responsible for causing the most snakebite cases and deaths in the world. Twelve species are currently recognized.
Virginia striatula, commonly called the rough earth snake, is a species of nonvenomous natricine colubrid snake native to the Southeastern United States.
Causus maculatus is species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to West Africa and Central Africa. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid. Common names include forest rhombic night adder, West African night adder, and spotted night adder.
Causus rhombeatus, commonly known as the rhombic night adder, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to Sub-Saharan Africa. No subspecies are recognized as being valid.
Causus bilineatus is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to southcentral Africa. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.
Causus defilippii, also known commonly as the snouted night adder, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to East Africa and Southern Africa. Although its venom is nonlethal to humans, it is still considered medically significant. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.
Causus lichtensteinii is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to western, central, and eastern Africa. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.
Causus resimus is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae. The species is found in isolated populations distributed across tropical Africa. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus described the Amphibia as:
Animals that are distinguished by a body cold and generally naked; stern and expressive countenance; harsh voice; mostly lurid color; filthy odor; a few are furnished with a horrid poison; all have cartilaginous bones, slow circulation, exquisite sight and hearing, large pulmonary vessels, lobate liver, oblong thick stomach, and cystic, hepatic, and pancreatic ducts: they are deficient in diaphragm, do not transpire (sweat), can live a long time without food, are tenatious of life, and have the power of reproducing parts which have been destroyed or lost; some undergo a metamorphosis; some cast (shed) their skin; some appear to live promiscuously on land or in the water, and some are torpid during the winter.
Dasypeltis atra, commonly known as the African egg-eating snake or montane egg-eater, is a species of non-venomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Africa.
Dasypeltis fasciata, commonly known as the Central African egg-eating snake or the western forest eggeater, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Africa. It is one of 18 species in the genus Dasypeltis, and is occasionally kept in captivity as an exotic pet along with other members of its genus, particularly D. scabra and D. medici.
Dasypeltis gansi, commonly known as Gans's egg-eater or Gans' egg-eating snake, is a species of non-venomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to West Africa.
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