Deinocroton

Deinocroton; Temporal range: Early Cenomanian 99 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Views of male (top, mid) and engorged female (bottom) of D. draculi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Ixodida
Family:	Nuttalliellidae
Genus:	† Deinocroton ; Peñalver, Arillo, Anderson and Pérez-de la Fuente, 2017
Type species
	Deinocroton draculi;
Other species
	Deinocroton draculiPeñalver, Arillo, Anderson and Pérez-de la Fuente, 2017; Deinocroton copiaChitimia-Dobler, Mans and Dunlop, 2022; Deinocroton bicornis Chitimia-Dobler, Dunlop and Mans, 2024; Deinocroton lacrimusChitimia-Dobler, Dunlop and Mans, 2024;

Last updated October 21, 2025

Deinocroton is an extinct genus of tick. It is known from four species found in Burmese amber, dating to the earliest part of the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, around 99 million years ago.

Taxonomy

Four species have been named, including the type species D. draculi, D. copia, D. bicornis and D. lacrimus all from Burmese amber, which dates to the late Albian-early Cenomanian stages of the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago.^[1]^[2]^[3] The genus is suggested to be more closely related to Nuttalliella than to the two major living families of ticks, which is supported by the anatomy of its leg joints. While originally placed in its own family Deinocrotonidae, a 2024 study suggested that it should be placed into Nuttalliellidae, along with Nuttalliella and the extinct genus Legionaris also known from Burmese amber.^[3]

Etymology

The name of the genus Deinocroton is composed of two words from the ancient Greek "deinos", "terrible", and "krotṓn", "krotṓn", "tick". The name of the species draculi refers to the vampire Count Dracula from the epistolary novel Dracula by British writer Bram Stoker.^[1]

Description

Deinocroton is distinguished from other ticks by a suite of characters relating to the structure of its integument, the morphology of the palps, and the preanal groove shape. The surface of the body is densely pitted with deep pits, and eyes are absent.^[1]

Ecology

The strongly pitted surface of the body and large volume increase (8.5x) of engorged females suggests that the feeding behaviour was most similar to living soft bodied ticks and Nuttalliella, with a rapid engorgement time (minutes to hours), and multiple gonotrophic cycles. The preferred hosts have been inferred to be feathered dinosaurs, based on the association of known specimens with feathers in amber. The specimens were found associated with hastisetae, specialised hair of dermestid beetle larvae, which suggests that they inhabited nests.^[1]

References

1 2 3 4 Peñalver, Enrique; Arillo, Antonio; Delclòs, Xavier; Peris, David; Grimaldi, David A.; Anderson, Scott R.; Nascimbene, Paul C.; Pérez-de la Fuente, Ricardo (2017-12-12). "Ticks parasitised feathered dinosaurs as revealed by Cretaceous amber assemblages". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 1924. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01550-z. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5727220 . PMID 29233973.
↑ Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia; Mans, Ben J.; Handschuh, Stephan; Dunlop, Jason A. (2022). "A remarkable assemblage of ticks from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber". Parasitology. 149 (6): 820–830. doi: 10.1017/S0031182022000269 . ISSN 0031-1820. PMC 10090602 . PMID 35241194. S2CID 247227499.
1 2 Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia; Handschuh, Stephan; Dunlop, Jason A.; Pienaar, Ronel; Mans, Ben J. (2024-04-16). "Nuttalliellidae in Burmese amber: implications for tick evolution". Parasitology: 1–17. doi: 10.1017/S0031182024000477 . ISSN 0031-1820. PMC 11770530 .

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[:0-1] 1 2 3 4 Peñalver, Enrique; Arillo, Antonio; Delclòs, Xavier; Peris, David; Grimaldi, David A.; Anderson, Scott R.; Nascimbene, Paul C.; Pérez-de la Fuente, Ricardo (2017-12-12). "Ticks parasitised feathered dinosaurs as revealed by Cretaceous amber assemblages". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 1924. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01550-z. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5727220 . PMID 29233973.

[2] Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia; Mans, Ben J.; Handschuh, Stephan; Dunlop, Jason A. (2022). "A remarkable assemblage of ticks from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber". Parasitology. 149 (6): 820–830. doi: 10.1017/S0031182022000269 . ISSN 0031-1820. PMC 10090602 . PMID 35241194. S2CID 247227499.

[:3-3] 1 2 Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia; Handschuh, Stephan; Dunlop, Jason A.; Pienaar, Ronel; Mans, Ben J. (2024-04-16). "Nuttalliellidae in Burmese amber: implications for tick evolution". Parasitology: 1–17. doi: 10.1017/S0031182024000477 . ISSN 0031-1820. PMC 11770530 .

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