Glycerophospholipids or phosphoglycerides are glycerol-based phospholipids. They are the main component of biological membranes in eukaryotic cells. They are a type of lipid, of which its composition affects membrane structure and properties. Two major classes are known: those for bacteria and eukaryotes and a separate family for archaea.
Glycerophospholipids of biochemical relevance are divided into three subclasses based on the substitution present at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone: acyl, alkyl and alkenyl. Of these, the alkyl and alkenyl moiety in each case form an ether bond, which makes for two types of ether phospholipids, plasmanyl, and plasmenyl. Plasmalogens are plasmenyls with an ester linked lipid at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone, chemically designated 1-0(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-glycerophospholipids. The lipid attached to the vinyl ether at sn-1 can be C16:0, C18:0, or C18:1, and the lipid attached to the acyl group at sn-2 can be C22:6 ω-3 or C20:4 ω-6, . Plasmalogens are classified according to their head group, mainly as PC plasmalogens (plasmenylcholines) and PE plasmalogens (plasmenylethalomines) Plasmalogens should not be confused with plasmanyls.
The enzyme galactolipase (EC 3.1.1.26) catalyzes the reaction
In enzymology, a 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a 1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a 2-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]-phospholipid O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a long-chain-alcohol O-fatty-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Sterol O-acyltransferase is an intracellular protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum that forms cholesteryl esters from cholesterol.
In enzymology, a triacylglycerol---sterol O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a galactolipid galactosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a CDP-diacylglycerol—glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a CDP-diacylglycerol—inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a CDP-diacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
1-Lysophosphatidylcholines are a class of phospholipids that are intermediates in the metabolism of lipids. They result from the hydrolysis of an acyl group from the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine. They are also called 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines. The synthesis of phosphatidylcholines with specific fatty acids occurs through the synthesis of 1-lysoPC. The formation of various other lipids generates 1-lysoPC as a by-product.
A diglyceride, or diacylglycerol (DAG), is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. Two possible forms exist, 1,2-diacylglycerols and 1,3-diacylglycerols. Diglycerides are natural components of food fats, though minor in comparison to triglycerides. DAGs can act as surfactants and are commonly used as emulsifiers in processed foods. DAG-enriched oil has been investigated extensively as a fat substitute due to its ability to suppress the accumulation of body fat; with total annual sales of approximately USD 200 million in Japan since its introduction in the late 1990s till 2009.
Diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.81, DGPP phosphatase, DGPP phosphohydrolase, DPP1, DPPL1, DPPL2, PAP2, pyrophosphate phosphatase) is an enzyme with systematic name 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate phosphohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
