Doryctinae

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Doryctinae
Braconid Wasp - Flickr - treegrow (1).jpg
Female doryctine ovipositing on beetle larvae inside wood
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Braconidae
Subfamily: Doryctinae
Foerster, 1863
Genera

Numerous (almost 180), see text

The Doryctinae or doryctine wasps are a large subfamily of parasitoid wasps within the family Braconidae. [1]

Contents

Description and identification

Heterospilus eurostae, male Heterospilus eurostae. male.jpg
Heterospilus eurostae , male

Doryctine wasps are found across almost the entire size range of Braconidae, from 1 to 25 mm. In the small species the head tends to be relatively large and the body, while slender, remarkably elongated. Doryctines tend to be small-winged, with many having very much reduced wings. Numerous species in this family are unable to fly or even lack wings entirely. They have a characteristic row of stout spines running lengthwise along the foreleg tibia, and a cyclostome depression above the mandibles. [2]

Distribution

Doryctinae have a worldwide distribution except for the polar regions. [2]

Biology

Some Doryctinae are known to form galls on plants similar to the Mesostoinae (a small subfamily endemic to Australia). [3] Some species in the genus Allorhogas feed on seeds. [2] The large majority of doryctines are idiobiont ectoparasitoids of the larvae of wood-boring beetles – such as jewel beetles (Buprestidae). Some species parasitize lepidopteran or symphytan larvae. The host is paralyzed by venom injected through the female's ovipositor before an egg is laid. [2] The spines present on the foreleg of the adult enable it to escape from the narrow wooden tunnels of the hosts.

Biological control

Doryctines have been used to control pests in Europe, Australia, and North America. Several doryctine wasps are of economic importance as biocontrol agents in Australia against eucalyptus pests. [4] The species Spathius agrili has been introduced to the United States from China in an effort to control the emerald ash borer. [5]

Taxonomy and phylogeny

Doryctinae is considered to be part of the cyclostome group, a clade of subfamilies including Alysiinae, Betylobraconinae, Braconinae, Gnamptodontinae, Exothecinae, Hormiinae, Lysiterminae, Opiinae, Pambolinae, Rogadinae, Rhysipolinae, and Rhyssalinae. [6]

16 tribes of Doryctinae have been designated. [1] [7] [8] The former subfamily Ypsistocerinae has been subsumed under Doryctinae as one of these tribes, Ypsistocerini. [9] [8]

Doryctinae comprises over 2000 species in 198 genera, with new taxa continuing to be described. [1] [10] 182 of the genera placed in the Doryctinae include:

Tribe Binareini

Tribe Doryctini

Tribe Ecphylini

Tribe Evaniodini

Tribe Hecabolini

Tribe Heterospilini

Tribe Holcobraconini

Tribe Labaniini

Tribe Leptospathiini

Tribe Mononeurini

Tribe Percnobraconini

Tribe Rhaconotini

Tribe Sericobraconini

Tribe Siragrini

Tribe Spathiini

Tribe Ypsistocerini

Tribal placement unknown

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Microgastrinae</span> Subfamily of wasps

Microgastrinae is a subfamily of braconid wasps, encompassing almost 3,000 described species, with an estimated 30,000–50,000 total species. This makes it one of the richest subfamilies with the most species of parasitoid wasps.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agathidinae</span> Subfamily of wasps

Agathidinae is a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. Some species have been used in biological control programs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Euphorinae</span> Subfamily of wasps

The Euphorinae are a large subfamily of Braconidae parasitoid wasps. Some species have been used for biological pest control. They are sister group to the Meteorinae.

<i>Spathius</i> Genus of insects

Spathius is a genus of doryctine wasps. The larvae of this genus of wasps feed on beetle larvae. They act as biological controllers of the certain pest beetles, such as Hylurgopinus rufipes and the emerald ash borer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rogadinae</span> Subfamily of wasps

The Rogadinae are a large subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. Several Rogadinae species parasitize pest caterpillars and are important for naturally occurring biological control.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cenocoeliinae</span> Subfamily of wasps

The Cenocoeliinae are a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps.

Dirrhope is the only extant genus in the subfamily Dirrhopinae of braconid parasitoid wasps. Dirrope was included in the Microgastrinae until 1984. Specimens of this genus have been found fossilsed in amber dating from the Cretaceous period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brachistinae</span> Subfamily of wasps

Brachistinae is a subfamily of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae.

<i>Heterospilus</i> Genus of wasps

Heterospilus is a genus of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae. There are at least 130 described species in Heterospilus.

Ivondrovia is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the subfamily Doryctinae of the family Braconidae. This genus contains two species. It is found in the Afrotropical region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Helconinae</span> Subfamily of wasps

Helconinae is a subfamily of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae.

<i>Colastes</i> Genus of wasps

Colastes is a genus of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae. There are at least 80 described species in Colastes.

<i>Ondigus</i> Genus of insects

Ondigus is a genus of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae. There are at least two described species in Ondigus, found in Mexico and Central America.

<i>Heerz</i> Genus of wasps

Heerz is a genus of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae. There are at least four described species in Heerz, found in Mexico and Central America.

<i>Lissopsius</i> Genus of wasps

Lissopsius is a genus of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae. There are at least three described species in Lissopsius, found in Mexico and Central America. They are generalist parasitoids of caterpillars.

<i>Orgilus</i> Genus of insects

Orgilus is a genus of insects belonging to the family Braconidae.

Hormius is a genus of parasitoid wasp in the subfamily Hormiinae first described by Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck in 1818.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Edmardash, Yusuf A.; El-Ghiet, Usama M. Abu; Soliman, Ahmed M.; Al-Fifi, Zarrag I. A.; Gadallah, Neveen S. (2020). "First contribution to the doryctine fauna (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae) of Farasan Archipelago, Saudi Arabia, with new records and the description of a new species". ZooKeys (977): 41–74. Bibcode:2020ZooK..977...41E. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.977.56314 .
  2. 1 2 3 4 Marsh, Paul M. (1997). "Subfamily Doryctinae". In Wharton, Robert A.; Marsh, Paul M.; Sharkey, Michael J. (eds.). Manual of the New World Genera of the Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) (PDF). Washington, D.C.: The International Society of Hymenopterists. p. 207-233. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 Aug 2023.
  3. ↑ Samacá-Sáenz, Ernesto; Meza-Lázaro, Rubi N.; Branstetter, Michael G.; Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2019-11-17). "Phylogenomics and mitochondrial genome evolution of the gall-associated doryctine wasp genera (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)". Systematics and Biodiversity. 17 (8): 731–744. Bibcode:2019SyBio..17..731S. doi:10.1080/14772000.2019.1685608. ISSN   1477-2000. S2CID   213816441.
  4. ↑ Stevens, N.B.; Iqbal, M; Austin, A.D.; Jennings, J.T. (2008). "Subfamily Doryctinae". Australian Faunal Directory. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015.
  5. ↑ Gould, Juli; Bauer, Leah, "Biological Control of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis)" (PDF), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), United States Department of Agriculture, archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2011, retrieved 28 April 2011
  6. ↑ Sharanowski, Barbara J.; Dowling, Ashley P. G.; Sharkey, Michael J. (2011). "Molecular phylogenetics of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea), based on multiple nuclear genes, and implications for classification". Systematic Entomology. 36 (3): 549–572. Bibcode:2011SysEn..36..549S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00580.x. S2CID   52226040.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Belokobylskij, Sergey A. (2011). "Review of the genus Stephanospathius Belokobylskij, 1992 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with discussion of their tribal position". ZooKeys (118): 1–17. Bibcode:2011ZooK..118....1B. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.118.914 .
  8. 1 2 "Taxa: Doryctinae". MBD Database. OSU. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 Quicke, Donald L.J.; Bitcher, Buntika A. (2015). "Preembobracon gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae: Ypsistocerini: Embobraconina) from Brazil". Zootaxa. 4000 (2): 275–280. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4000.2.5. PMID   26623614.
  10. ↑ Braet, Yves (2016). "Doryctinae". Key to the genera of Doryctinae of the world. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
  11. ↑ Wang, Man-man; Tan, Jiang-li; He, Jun-Hua; Chen, Xue-xin (9 November 2009). "The genus Eodendrus Belokobylskij (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae) from China, with description of a new species". ZooKeys (27): 43–50. Bibcode:2009ZooK...27...43W. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.27.252 .
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Marsh, Paul M.; Wild, Alexander L.; Whitfield, James B. (2013). "The Doryctinae (Braconidae) of Costa Rica: genera and species of the tribe Heterospilini". ZooKeys (347): 1–474. Bibcode:2013ZooK..347....1M. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.347.6002 .
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Jasso-Martínez, Jovana M.; Belokobylskij, Sergey A.; Zaldívar-Riveron, Alejandro (2019). "Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of generic diagnostic morphological features in the doryctine wasp tribe Rhaconotini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 279: 164–171. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2019.02.002.
  14. 1 2 Belokoblylskij, Sergey A. (2008). "Rhyukyuspathius, A New Peculiar Genus of the Tribe Spathiini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) from Japan". Annales Zoologici. 58 (4): 761–766. doi:10.3161/000345408X396693.
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