Drab-breasted bamboo tyrant

Drab-breasted bamboo tyrant
At Salesópolis, São Paulo state, Brazil
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Tyrannidae
Genus:	Hemitriccus
Species:	H. diops
Binomial name
Hemitriccus diops (Temminck, 1822)

The drab-breasted bamboo tyrant or drab-breasted pygmy-tyrant ^[2] (Hemitriccus diops) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. ^[3]

Taxonomy and systematics

The drab-breasted bamboo tyrant is monotypic. ^[3] Some early to mid-twentieth century authors considered it and what are now the brown-breasted bamboo tyrant (H. obsoletus) and flammulated bamboo tyrant (H. flammulatus) to be subspecies of it. Since at least 1966 most systems have recognized the three as individual species. They form a superspecies. ^[4]

Description

The drab-breasted bamboo tyrant is about 11 cm (4.3 in) long and weighs 9.5 to 13.5 g (0.34 to 0.48 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a plain dark olive-green crown. They have a white spot above the lores and a white eye-ring on an otherwise olive-green face. Their back and rump are plain dark olive-green. Their wings and tail are plain olive though sometimes the innermost secondaries have paler edges. Their throat and breast are mostly dull gray with a pinkish or purplish tinge; there is a faint white crescent between them. Their belly is whitish and their crissum whitish with a yellow tinge. They have a reddish brown iris, a gray maxilla, a pinkish mandible, and light gray legs and feet. ^{[5] [6] [7]}

Distribution and habitat

The drab-breasted bamboo tyrant is found from Bahia state in east-central Brazil south to northern Rio Grande do Sul and into eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina's Misiones Province. It inhabits the interior and edges of humid primary forest and mature secondary forest, where it almost exclusively occurs in patches of bamboo. In elevation it ranges from near sea level to about 1,300 m (4,300 ft). ^{[5] [6] [7]}

Behavior

Movement

The drab-breasted bamboo tyrant is a year-round resident. ^[5]

Feeding

The drab-breasted bamboo tyrant feeds on insects. It typically forages singly or in pairs and only rarely joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It feeds mostly in thick undergrowth with short upward sallies from a perch to glean prey from vegetation. ^[5]

Breeding

The drab-breasted bamboo tyrant's breeding season has not been defined but includes October in southern Brazil. Its one known nest was a purse with a side entrance hanging from the end of a twig 1.8 m (6 ft) above the ground. It was made mostly from green mosses and plant fibers with fungal rhizomorphs, rootlets, and bark strips included. It contained two eggs that were mostly white with tiny brown speckles. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known. There is a report of brood parasitism by a pavonine cuckoo (Dromococcyx pavoninus). ^[5]

Songs and calls Listen to the drab-breasted bamboo tyrant on xeno-canto

Vocalization

What may be either the song or a call of the drab-breasted bamboo tyrant is a "very high, upslurred, scratchy 'krrru', like a mini-rattle". ^[6] Other vocalizations include " 'bit', 'sewit' or 'bit-biwít' ". ^[5]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the drab-breasted bamboo tyrant as being of Least Concern. It has a large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. ^[1] It is considered uncommon to fairly common and occurs in many protected areas. ^[5]

References

1. BirdLife International (2018). "Drab-breasted Bamboo-tyrant Hemitriccus diops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22698876A130198894. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698876A130198894.en . Retrieved 19 January 2025.
2. Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved October 23, 2024
3. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Tyrant flycatchers". IOC World Bird List. v 14.2. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
4. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 18 November 2024. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved November 26, 2024
5. Clock, B. M. (2020). Drab-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant (Hemitriccus diops), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.drbpyt1.01 retrieved January 19, 2025
6. van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 304–305. ISBN   978-0-19-530155-7.
7. de la Peña, Martín R.; Rumboll, Maurice (2001). Birds of Southern South America and Antarctica. Princeton Illustrated Checklists. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. Plate 73, map 73.3. ISBN   0691090351.