Dutch East Indies Volksraad election, 1917

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Elections to the Volksraad were held in the Dutch East Indies on 16 October 1917. [1] The result was a victory for the Dutch Indies Freethinkers Association, who defeated the Protestant Christian Ethical Party and the Catholic Indian Catholic Party. [2]

Volksraad (Dutch East Indies) advisory semilegislative council in the Dutch East Indies

A People's Council (Volksraad) for the Dutch East Indies was provided for by law in 1916, but its establishment was procrastinated until the actual installation of the Council in 1918. It was a hesitant and slow attempt at democratisation of the Dutch East Indies. The power of the Volksraad was limited as it only had advisory powers. Although part of the council was elected only a small proportion of the population had voting rights.

Dutch East Indies Dutch possession in Southeast Asia between 1810-1945

The Dutch East Indies was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Dutch government in 1800.

Contents

Background

The Volksraad was created by a law passed on 16 December 1916 in order to further the possibility of self-government. [3] It had a total of 38 members, half of which were to be elected and half appointed. [4] Seats were also assigned to ethnic groups, with 20 for the Dutch population (nine elected, eleven appointed), 15 for the native population (ten elected, five appointed) and three for the Chinese population (all of which were appointed). [4]

Results

GroupingSeats
Moderate right-wing12
Moderate left-wing10
Left-wing8
Right-wing8
Total38
Source: Schmutzer [4]

Volksraad members

The subsequent membership of the Volksraad included: [5]

PositionMemberNotes
President Jacob Christiaan Koningsberger
Appointed membersSchumannIndependent
Carel Victor Gerritsen De Javasche Bank
H. s'Jacob Batavia merchant
Karel Albert Rudolf Bosscha Manager of tea plantation in Parahyangan
KettnerHead representative of plantations, Sumatra East Coast
StibbeGovernment resident (official)
Van der JagtAssistant resident
WhitlauAssistant resident
LabbertonTheosophist, Indië Weerbaar propagandist and Home Ruler
A.L. WaworoentoeRepresentative of the people of Manado
AtmodironoJavanese
A. KamilMuslim
Sastro WidjonoJavanese
Radjiman Wediodiningrat Javanese, former leader of Budi Utomo
Achmad Djajadiningrat Regent of Serang
Koesoemo OetojoRegent of Djapara
Koesoemo JoesoRegent of Patjitan, formerly an official
Abdoel Moeis Muslim, member of Sarekat Islam
Abdoel RifaiMuslim, member of the Insulinde party
Elected membersMajor Pabst
Josef Ignaz Julius Maria Schmutzer Roman Catholic, leader of the Indian Catholic Party
BergmeijerAnti-revolutionary "christian"
O. van VoorhoutHead of an iron firm
KoningHead representative of the Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij
BirnieAdministrator of a tobacco estate in Besoeki
StokvisInspector of Secondary Education
Hok Hoei Kan Chinese
Lim PatChinese. "Major" of Chinese miners in Bangka Island
SoeseliseRepresentative of the Ambonese
Frits Laoh Representative of the Manadoese
Charles Guillaume Cramer Member of the Indies Social Democratic Association
J.J.E. Teeuwen Member of the Insulinde party
Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo Member of the Insulinde party
Prangwedono Head of Mangkoenegoro
Tengkoe Mohammad Tajib Muslim, representative of Aceh
Muhammad IsmailMuslim, representative of the Arabs
Dwidjosewojo Javanese
Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto Muslim, President of Sarekat Islam

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References

  1. Karel Steenbrink (2007) The spectacular growth of a self confident minority, 1903 - 1942 KITLV Press, p44
  2. Geert Arend van Klinken (2003) Minorities, modernity and the emerging nation: Christians in Indonesia, a biographical approach KITLV Press, p37
  3. Eduard J. M. Schmutzer (1977) Dutch colonial policy and the search for identity in Indonesia 1920-1931 Brill Archive, p57
  4. 1 2 3 Schmutzer, p68
  5. Military Report on the Netherlands' Possessions in the East Indies 1919 p41-42