Egremont (UK Parliament constituency)

Egremont
Former county constituency for the House of Commons
1885–1918
Seats	one
Created from	West Cumberland
Replaced by	Whitehaven
1295–1295
Created from	Cumberland
Replaced by	Cumberland

Egremont was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Egremont in Cumberland. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system.

Boundaries

This county constituency was a division of the historic county of Cumberland in North West England. Although the area had an alternative designation of the Western division of the county, it was actually the southernmost constituency in the county, with the sea to the south and west and the boundaries with the historic counties of Lancashire and Westmorland to the east. The Cumberland divisions of Cockermouth and Penrith were to the north.

The borough constituency of Whitehaven was, apart from the sea to its west, enclaved in the north west part of this constituency. Non resident freeholders from the town were qualified to vote in the county seat. In 1918 the Whitehaven borough constituency and the Egremont county division were, in effect, merged to form a new Whitehaven county constituency.

History

Egremont was represented as a two-member constituency, in the Model Parliament of 1295. The town was subsequently represented only as part of the county of Cumberland.

From 1832 until 1885 the historic county of Cumberland was split for parliamentary purposes into two county divisions. These were East Cumberland (with a place of election, in the part of the period when all votes were still cast in one location in a constituency, at Carlisle) and West Cumberland (where voting took place at Cockermouth). Each division returned two members to Parliament.

The parliamentary borough included in the area of the county divisions (whose non-resident 40 shilling freeholders voted in the county constituency) were for the East division; Carlisle and for the West division; Cockermouth and Whitehaven. (Source: Stooks Smith).

The constituency was created by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the 1918 general election. The division was named after the small town of Egremont.

It was an area with a mixed economy. Ironstone mining and a blast furnace employed many people and there were some inhabitants engaged in shipbuilding. It was estimated that in the late nineteenth century, 1 in 11 of the adult male population of Cumberland worked in mining and 1 in 5 in heavy industry. There were also a lot of small freehold farmers in the more rural parts of the constituency, who were thought to be the source of Conservative strength at elections.

The area usually returned Conservative Members of Parliament, but was prepared to elect a Liberal in a good year for that party. Pelling suggests that the substantial Irish element in the divisions population (who had arrived to work as labourers as the county industrialised in the 1860s) were responsible for Liberal victories, at elections when Irish Nationalists were strongly supporting the Liberals. In any event the Conservatives won six and the Liberals two of the seats eight general elections.

Members of Parliament

Election		Member	Party
	1295 [1]	Willielmus de Gylling Alexander, fil' Ricardi
	1885	Jocelyn Pennington a	Conservative
	1892	David Ainsworth	Liberal
	1895	Hubert Duncombe	Conservative
	1900	James Bain	Conservative
	1906	Hugh Fullerton	Liberal
	1910	James Augustus Grant	Conservative
1918		constituency abolished

Note:-

• ^a Peer of Ireland when a member of the House of Commons.

Elections

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1885: Egremont ^[2]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Josslyn Pennington	3,990	53.6
	Liberal	David Ainsworth	3,453	46.4
Majority			537	7.2
Turnout			7,443	82.3
Registered electors			9,043
	Conservative win (new seat)

General election 1886: Egremont ^[3]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Josslyn Pennington	3,583	51.2	−2.4
	Liberal	David Ainsworth	3,419	48.8	+2.4
Majority			164	2.4	−4.8
Turnout			7,002	77.4	−4.9
Registered electors			9,043
	Conservative hold		Swing	-2.4

Elections in the 1890s

General election 1892: Egremont ^[4]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	David Ainsworth	3,849	53.3	+4.5
	Conservative	Josslyn Pennington	3,378	46.7	−4.5
Majority			471	6.6	N/A
Turnout			7,227	78.5	+1.1
Registered electors			9,205
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+4.5

General election 1895: Egremont ^[5]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Hubert Duncombe	3,717	50.9	+4.2
	Liberal	David Ainsworth	3,586	49.1	−4.2
Majority			131	1.8	N/A
Turnout			7,303	70.1	−8.4
Registered electors			10,424
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+4.2

Elections in the 1900s

General election 1900: Egremont ^[6]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	James Bain	3,917	53.7	+2.8
	Liberal	David Ainsworth	3,377	46.3	−2.8
Majority			540	7.4	+5.6
Turnout			7,294	78.4	+8.3
Registered electors			9,303
	Conservative hold		Swing	+2.8

Hugh Fullerton

General election 1906: Egremont ^[7]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Hugh Fullerton	4,067	55.5	+9.2
	Conservative	E.J.M. Lumb	3,255	44.5	−9.2
Majority			812	11.0	N/A
Turnout			7,322	80.5	+2.1
Registered electors			9,093
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+9.2

Elections in the 1910s

General election January 1910: Egremont ^[8]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	James Grant	4,060	50.7	+6.2
	Liberal	Hugh Fullerton	3,949	49.3	−6.2
Majority			111	1.4	N/A
Turnout			8,009	87.1	+6.6
Registered electors			9,199
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+6.2

General election December 1910: Egremont ^[9]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	James Grant	4,013	51.6	+0.9
	Liberal	William Edward Moulsdale	3,763	48.4	−0.9
Majority			250	3.2	+1.8
Turnout			7,776	84.5	−2.6
Registered electors			9,199
	Conservative hold		Swing	+0.9

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

• Unionist: James Grant
• Liberal:

See also

• Cumbria portal

• Parliamentary franchise in the United Kingdom 1885–1918

References

1. "Parliament of England, 23 Edw. I (1295)". Members of Parliament; Part I : Parliaments of England, 1213-1702. Parliamentary papers. Vol. 1878 HC lxii (69) 1. London: HMSO. 1 March 1878. p. 4.
2. British parliamentary election results, 1885–1918 (Craig)
3. British parliamentary election results, 1885–1918 (Craig)
4. British parliamentary election results, 1885–1918 (Craig)
5. British parliamentary election results, 1885–1918 (Craig)
6. British parliamentary election results, 1885–1918 (Craig)
7. British parliamentary election results, 1885–1918 (Craig)
8. British parliamentary election results, 1885–1918 (Craig)
9. British parliamentary election results 1885–1918

• Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885–1972, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Parliamentary Reference Publications 1972)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press 1974)
• The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
• Social Geography of British Elections 1885–1910. by Henry Pelling (Macmillan 1967)
• Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "E" (part 1)