West Cumberland (UK Parliament constituency)

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West Cumberland
Former county constituency
for the House of Commons
United Kingdom general election 1837.svg
United Kingdom general election 1837.svg
Form 1832–1868 and this area was left intact until 1885. Extract from 1837 result: the 'doubly' blue coastal area at centre.
18321885
Seatstwo
Created from Cumberland
Replaced by Egremont and Cockermouth

West Cumberland was a county constituency in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) by the bloc vote system of election.

Contents

Boundaries

1832–1885: The Wards of Allerdale above Derwent and Allerdale below Derwent. [1]

In 1832 the historic county of Cumberland, in north west England, was split for parliamentary purposes into two county divisions. These were the East Cumberland division (with a place of election at Carlisle) and the West division (where voting took place at Cockermouth). Each division returned two members to Parliament.

The parliamentary boroughs included in the West division, between 1832 and 1885, (whose non-resident 40 shilling freeholders voted in the county constituency) were Cockermouth and Whitehaven. (Source: Stooks Smith).

History

For most of its existence this was an extremely Conservative division, in sharp contrast to the mostly Liberal inclined East division of the county. Only once, in the last election in 1880, was a Liberal MP elected.

The county began to industrialise from the 1860s. An Irish community developed in the west of Cumberland particularly at Cleator Moor, attracted by the opportunity to find work in the areas developing iron industry. It may be that these economic and demographic developments made the Liberals, critical of the remnant Anglican ascendancy, more competitive by 1880 than they had been earlier in the century.

In 1885 this division was abolished. The East and West Cumberland county divisions were replaced by four new single-member county constituencies. These were Cockermouth, Egremont (the Western division), Eskdale (Northern division) and Penrith (Mid division). In addition there were two remaining Cumberland borough constituencies; Carlisle and Whitehaven.

Members of Parliament

ElectionFirst member [2] First partySecond memberSecond party
1832 William Lowther Tory Edward Stanley Tory
1833 by-election Samuel Irton Tory
1834 Conservative Conservative
1847 Henry Lowther Conservative
1852 Samuel Irton Conservative
1857 Hon. Sir Henry Wyndham Conservative
1860 by-election Hon. Percy Wyndham Conservative
1872 by-election Jocelyn Pennington a Conservative
1880 David Ainsworth Liberal
1885 Constituency abolished

Note:-

Election results

Elections in the 1830s

General election 1832: West Cumberland [3] [4]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Tory William Lowther 1,875 36.9
Tory Edward Stanley 1,693 33.3
Whig Henry Curwen1,51029.7
Majority1833.6
Turnout 3,26684.9
Registered electors 3,848
Tory win (new seat)
Tory win (new seat)

Lowther was also elected for Westmorland and opted to sit there, causing a by-election.

By-election, 25 March 1833: West Cumberland [3] [4]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Tory Samuel Irton 1,682 51.2 −19.0
Radical Francis Aglionby 1,60148.8N/A
Majority812.4−1.2
Turnout 3,28385.3+0.4
Registered electors 3,848
Tory hold Swing −19.0
General election 1835: West Cumberland [3] [4]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Edward Stanley 1,899 35.4 +2.1
Conservative Samuel Irton 1,883 35.1 −1.8
Radical Francis Aglionby 1,58129.5N/A
Majority3025.6+2.0
Turnout 3,46983.6−1.3
Registered electors 4,149
Conservative hold Swing +2.1
Conservative hold Swing −1.8
General election 1837: West Cumberland [3] [4]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Conservative Samuel Irton Unopposed
Conservative Edward Stanley Unopposed
Registered electors 4,437
Conservative hold
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1840s

General election 1841: West Cumberland [3]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Samuel Irton Unopposed
Conservative Edward Stanley Unopposed
Registered electors 4,031
Conservative hold
Conservative hold
General election 1847: West Cumberland [3]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Edward Stanley Unopposed
Conservative Henry Lowther Unopposed
Registered electors 4,042
Conservative hold
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1850s

General election 1852: West Cumberland [3]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Samuel Irton Unopposed
Conservative Henry Lowther Unopposed
Registered electors 4,144
Conservative hold
Conservative hold
General election 1857: West Cumberland [3]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Henry Wyndham 1,848 35.4 N/A
Conservative Henry Lowther 1,825 34.9 N/A
Radical Wilfrid Lawson [5] [6] 1,55429.7New
Majority2715.2N/A
Turnout 3,391 (est)77.2 (est)N/A
Registered electors 4,389
Conservative hold
Conservative hold
General election 1859: West Cumberland [3]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Henry Wyndham Unopposed
Conservative Henry Lowther Unopposed
Registered electors 4,780
Conservative hold
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1860s

Wyndham's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 27 August 1860: West Cumberland [3]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Percy Wyndham Unopposed
Conservative hold
General election 1865: West Cumberland [3]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Percy Wyndham Unopposed
Conservative Henry Lowther Unopposed
Registered electors 4,602
Conservative hold
Conservative hold
General election 1868: West Cumberland [3]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Percy Wyndham Unopposed
Conservative Henry Lowther Unopposed
Registered electors 5,676
Conservative hold
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1870s

Lowther succeeded to the peerage, becoming Earl of Lonsdale and causing a by-election.

By-election, 26 March 1872: West Cumberland [3]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Josslyn Pennington Unopposed
Conservative hold
General election 1874: West Cumberland [3]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Percy Wyndham 2,532 29.4 N/A
Conservative Josslyn Pennington 2,520 29.3 N/A
Liberal James William Ballantine Dykes [7] 1,78620.7New
Liberal David Ainsworth 1,77120.6New
Majority7348.6N/A
Turnout 4,305 (est)71.3 (est)N/A
Registered electors 6,034
Conservative hold Swing N/A
Conservative hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1880: West Cumberland [3]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal David Ainsworth 3,178 37.4 −3.9
Conservative Percy Wyndham 2,686 31.6 +2.2
Conservative Josslyn Pennington 2,62430.9+1.6
Majority5546.5N/A
Turnout 5,864 (est)78.2 (est)+6.9
Registered electors 7,496
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing −3.9
Conservative hold Swing

See also

References

  1. "The statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 2 & 3 William IV. Cap. XLV: An Act to amend the Representation of the People in England and Wales". London: His Majesty's statute and law printers. 1832. pp. 154–206. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  2. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "C" (part 6)
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. pp. 369–370. ISBN   978-1-349-02349-3.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Stooks Smith
  5. Russell, George William Erskine (1912). "Lawson, Wilfrid"  . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (2nd supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  6. "The General Election" . Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser. 28 March 1857. p. 4. Retrieved 30 July 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  7. "West Cumberland" . Eddowes's Journal, and General Advertiser for Shropshire, and the Principality of Wales. 4 February 1874. p. 8. Retrieved 29 December 2017 via British Newspaper Archive.

Sources