Elapsoidea sundevallii

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Elapsoidea sundevallii
Elapsoidea sundevallii 81132770.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Elapidae
Genus: Elapsoidea
Species:
E. sundevallii
Binomial name
Elapsoidea sundevallii
(A. Smith, 1848)
Synonyms [2]
  • Elaps sunderwallii [sic]
    A. Smith, 1848
  • Elapsoidea sundevallii
    W. Peters, 1880
  • Elapechis sundevallii
    Boulenger, 1896
  • Elapsoidea sundevallii
    Loveridge, 1944

Elapsoidea sundevallii, also known commonly as Sundevall's garter snake or African garter snake, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is native to Southern Africa. [1] [2] There are five recognised subspecies. [2]

Contents

Etymology

The specific epithet, sundevalli, honours Swedish zoologist Carl Jakob Sundevall (1801–1875). [2] [3]

The subspecific name, decosteri, is in honour of Belgian consul Juste De Coster, who collected natural history specimens at Delagoa Bay, Mozambique. [3]

The subspecific name, fitzsimonsi, is in honour of South African herpetologist Vivian Frederick Maynard FitzSimons. [3]

Geographic range

E. sundevallii is found in Botswana, Eswatini, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. [1] [2]

Habitat

The preferred natural habitats of E. sundevallii are grassland, shrubland, savanna, and forest, at altitudes from sea level to 1,800 m (5,900 ft). [1]

Description

Adults of E. sundevallii are slate-grey to black or dark brown on the upper body, with whitish to pinkish bellies. Juveniles are banded. [2]

Males grow to be longer than females. The maximum recorded snout-to-vent length (SVL) for a male is 93 cm (37 in). The maximum recorded SVL for a female is only 65 cm (26 in). [4]

Diet

E. sundevallii preys upon frogs, lizards and their eggs, snakes, moles, and rodents. [4]

Venom

Although E. sundevallii is venomous and can inflict a serious bite, few bites have been recorded, and none has resulted in a human fatality. Symptoms may include pain and swelling, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, and loss of consciousness. [4]

Reproduction

The species E. sundevallii is oviparous. [2] A sexually mature female may lay a clutch of as many as 10 eggs. [4]

Subspecies

The following five subspecies, including the nominotypical subspecies, are recognised as being valid. [2]

Nota bene : A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Elapsoidea.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Alexander, G.J. (2021). "Elapsoidea sundevallii ". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T110168328A139744645. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T110168328A139744645.en . Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Elapsoidea sundevallii at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 22 August 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN   978-1-4214-0135-5. (Elapsoidea sundevallii decosteri, p. 67; Elapsoidea sundevallii fitzsimonsi, p. 91; "Elapsoidea sundevalli [sic]", p. 258).
  4. 1 2 3 4 Branch, Bill (2004). Field Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Third Revised edition, Second impression. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 399 pp. ISBN   0-88359-042-5. ("Elapsoidea sunderwallii [sic]", p. 106 + Plates 21, 32, 37).

Further reading