Emydocephalus

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Emydocephalus
Emydocephalus ijimae by OpenCage.jpg
Emydocephalus ijimae
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Elapidae
Subfamily: Hydrophiinae
Genus: Emydocephalus
Krefft, 1869 [1]
Species

Three recognized species, see article.

Emydocephalus is a genus of sea snakes, also known as turtle-headed sea snakes, in the family Elapidae. The genus is one of a small group of the viviparous sea snakes (Hydrophiinae: Hydrophiini) with Aipysurus . Unlike most sea snakes, the species that make up Emydocephalus lack teeth on their dentary and palatine bones. They also lack venom, making them the only non-venomous elapids. The dentary and palantine bones bear only a row of papillae. Emydocephalus does, however, bear fangs and many small pterygoid teeth. [2] This reduced dentition is due to their diet consisting almost entirely of fish eggs. Due to their prey being small and immobile, they exhibit a foraging strategy different from most snakes, where they forage more frequently but consume smaller quantities. [3]

Contents

Etymology

The generic name, Emydocephalus, is from the Greek words ὲμύς (emys) meaning "turtle", and κεφαλή (kephale) meaning "head". [4]

Geographic range

Species of the genus Emydocephalus are found in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Australasia. [5]

Species

Emydocephalus has three recognized species.

References

  1. "Emydocephalus ". ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). www.itis.gov.
  2. Voris K., Harold (1966). "Fish Eggs as the Apparent Sole Food Item for a Genus of Sea Snake, Emydocephalus (Krefft)" . The Ecological Society of America. 47 (1): 152–154. Bibcode:1966Ecol...47..152V. doi:10.2307/1935755. JSTOR   1935755 via Wiley.
  3. Shine, R.; Bonnet, X.; Elphick, M. J.; Barrott, E. G. (February 2004). "A novel foraging mode in snakes: browsing by the sea snake Emydocephalus annulatus (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae)" . Functional Ecology. 18 (1): 16–24. Bibcode:2004FuEco..18...16S. doi:10.1046/j.0269-8463.2004.00803.x. ISSN   0269-8463.
  4. Stejneger L (1907). Herpetology of Japan and Adjacent Territory. United States National Museum Bulletin 58. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. xx + 577 pp. (Genus Emydocephalus, p. 413).
  5. Genus Emydocephalus at The Reptile Database
  6. Nankivell, James H.; Goiran, Claire; Hourston, Mathew; Shine, Richard; Rasmussen, Arne R.; Thomson, Vicki A.; Sanders, Kate L. (2020-03-27). "A new species of turtle-headed sea Snake ( Emydocephalus : Elapidae) endemic to Western Australia" . Zootaxa. 4758 (1): 141–156. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4758.1.6. ISSN   1175-5334. PMID   32230158. S2CID   214750958.

Further reading