English mayoral referendums, 2012

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Map showing referendum results by authority; Green = Yes, Red = No English mayoral referendums, 2012.svg
Map showing referendum results by authority; Green = Yes, Red = No

A series of mayoral referendums were held on 3 May 2012 in England's 11 largest cities to determine whether to introduce directly-elected mayors to provide political leadership, replacing their current council leaders, who are elected by the local council. [1]

England Country in north-west Europe, part of the United Kingdom

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north-northwest. The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.

City status in the United Kingdom Honorary status granted by royal charter to settlements in the United Kingdom

City status in the United Kingdom is granted by the monarch of the United Kingdom to a select group of communities: as of 2014, there are 69 cities in the United Kingdom – 51 in England, six in Wales, seven in Scotland and five in Northern Ireland. The holding of city status gives a settlement no special rights. This appellation carries its own prestige and competition for the status is hard-fought.

A Leader of the Council is the leader of the largest political group on a government council.

Contents

Parliamentary approval was granted for referendums to be held in Birmingham, [2] Bradford, [3] Bristol, [4] Coventry, [5] Leeds, [6] Manchester, [7] Newcastle upon Tyne, [8] Nottingham, [9] Sheffield [10] and Wakefield. [11] The government had also intended to hold referendums on whether to introduce directly elected mayors in Leicester and Liverpool, however before the government could order these referendums, the two city councils had already decided to adopt a mayoral system themselves. Leicester City Council voted to introduce a mayor in 2010 without holding a referendum, and an election was held in 2011 for the position. [12] Meanwhile, despite legislation being passed for a referendum in Liverpool, [13] the City Council voted to bypass the referendum and to instead hold a mayoral election on the same day as other local elections in May. [14]

Parliament of the United Kingdom supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom

The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known internationally as the UK Parliament, British Parliament, or Westminster Parliament, and domestically simply as Parliament, is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all other political bodies in the UK and the overseas territories. Parliament is bicameral but has three parts, consisting of the Sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. The two houses meet in the Palace of Westminster in the City of Westminster, one of the inner boroughs of the capital city, London.

Birmingham City in the English Midlands, 2nd highest population of UK cities

Birmingham is the second-most populous city in the United Kingdom, after London, and the most populous city in the English Midlands. With an estimated population of 1,137,100 as of 2017, Birmingham is the cultural, social, financial and commercial centre of the Midlands. It is the main centre of the West Midlands conurbation, which is the third most populated urban area in the United Kingdom, with a population in 2011 of 2,440,986. The wider Birmingham metropolitan area is the second largest in the United Kingdom with a population of over 3.7 million. Birmingham is frequently referred to as the United Kingdom's "second city".

City of Bradford City and Metropolitan borough in England

The City of Bradford is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. It is named after its largest settlement, Bradford, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Keighley, Shipley, Bingley, Ilkley, Haworth, Silsden and Denholme. Bradford has a population of 528,155, making it the fourth-most populous metropolitan district and the sixth-most populous local authority district in England. It forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and the city is part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone (LUZ), which, with a population of 2,393,300, is the fourth largest in the United Kingdom after London, Birmingham and Manchester.

In addition, Doncaster Borough Council decided to hold a referendum on the same day, to determine whether to retain their elected mayoral system, having been one of the earliest authorities to adopt one, in 2001. [15]

Doncaster Town in South Yorkshire, England

Doncaster is a large town in South Yorkshire, England. Together with its surrounding suburbs and settlements, the town forms part of the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster, which had a mid-2017 est. population of 308,900. The town itself has a population of 109,805 The Doncaster Urban Area had a population of 158,141 in 2011 and includes Doncaster and neighbouring small villages. Part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974, Doncaster is about 17 miles (30 km) north-east of Sheffield, with which it is served by an international airport, Doncaster Sheffield Airport in Finningley. Under the Local Government Act 1972, Doncaster was incorporated into a newly created metropolitan borough in 1974, itself incorporated with other nearby boroughs in the 1974 creation of the metropolitan county of South Yorkshire.

On 26 January 2012 electors in Salford voted in favour of an elected mayor by 17,344 votes to 13,653. [16] There was an inaugural Salford mayoral election, 2012 on the same day as United Kingdom local elections, 2012.

City of Salford Metropolitan borough and city in England

Salford is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England, extending west to include the towns of Eccles, Worsley, Swinton, Walkden, Little Hulton, and Irlam. The city has a population of 245,600, and is administered from the Salford Civic Centre in Swinton.

Background

The concept of directly elected mayors in the United Kingdom were first introduced by Tony Blair's Labour Government with the creation of the Mayor of London. The Local Government Act 2000 then provided all councils in England and Wales with a range of options as to how to operate its executive functions, including the option of a directly elected mayor. The Act also provided that a petition of more than 5% of the electorate of a council area could force that council to hold a referendum on whether to introduce a directly elected mayor.

Tony Blair Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

Anthony Charles Lynton Blair is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007. He was Leader of the Opposition from 1994 to 1997. As of 2017, Blair is the last UK Labour Party leader to have won a general election.

Mayor of London head of the government of Greater London

The Mayor of London is the executive of the Greater London Authority. The current Mayor is Sadiq Khan, who took up office on 9 May 2016. The position was held by Ken Livingstone from the creation of the role on 4 May 2000, until he was defeated in May 2008 by Boris Johnson, who served two terms before being succeeded by Khan.

Local Government Act 2000

The Local Government Act 2000 (c.22) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed local government in England and Wales. Its principal purposes are:

As of January 2011, there have been 40 of these referendums with a further one planned in Salford for 26 January 2012. [17] Of these 40, only 13 have voted in favour of the introduction of a mayor, with 27 rejecting the proposal. These figures include two referendums held in Stoke-on-Trent, the first in 2002 that approved the creation of a directly elected mayor, and the second in 2008 that saw the electorate vote to abolish the position.

Stoke-on-Trent City and unitary authority in England

Stoke-on-Trent is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England, with an area of 36 square miles (93 km2). Together with the neighbouring boroughs of Newcastle-under-Lyme and Staffordshire Moorlands, it is part of North Staffordshire. In 2016, the city had a population of 261,302.

In 2009, the then Conservative Opposition, who were well ahead in opinion polling for the next year's general election said they would introduce elected mayors for England's 12 biggest cities, if they won power. In the 2010 general election, they did win power, albeit in a coalition government with the Liberal Democrats, and Prime Minister David Cameron reaffirmed his previous commitment to hold a series of referendums on whether to introduce mayors for the biggest English cities. [18]

The Department for Communities and Local Government launched a consultation on 1 November 2011 to decide what powers any newly created city mayors could have at their disposal. [19] The list of powers the government is considering devolving includes power over rail and bus services, skills, apprenticeships, and money to invest in high speed broadband and other economic infrastructure. [20] Shortly after announcing this consultation, the government confirmed that 11 referendums would all be held on 3 May 2012. [1]

Question

The question that was asked in the referendum was set by central government, and read as follows: [21]

How would you like [name of city] to be run?
  • By a leader who is an elected councillor chosen by a vote of the other elected councillors. This is how the council is run now.
Or
  • By a mayor who is elected by voters. This would be a change from how the council is run now.

Overview of results

City Date Result Yes % No % Turnout % (valid ballots) [22] Notes
Birmingham 3 May No42.058.027.6
Bradford 3 May No44.955.133.5
Bristol 3 May Yes 53.346.724.1
Coventry 3 May No36.463.626.2
Doncaster 3 May Retain 62.038.0 Referendum to decide on whether to retain or abolish existing directly elected mayor.
Leeds 3 May No 36.7 63.330.3
Manchester 3 May No46.853.224.7
Newcastle upon Tyne 3 May No38.0661.9432.0
Nottingham 3 May No42.5 57.5 [23] 27.6
Sheffield 3 May No35.0 65.0 [24] 32.1
Wakefield 3 May No 37.8 62.2 [25] 28.6

Cities

Birmingham

The referendum was held prior to decisions on the Mayoral responsibilities. [26] Amongst those campaigning for a 'yes' vote in Birmingham were Gisela Stuart, Labour MP for Birmingham Edgbaston, Liam Byrne, Labour MP for Birmingham Hodge Hill, Sir Albert Bore, the leader of the Labour group on Birmingham City Council, and Siôn Simon, the former Labour MP for Birmingham Erdington.

Liam Byrne confirmed he would stand for his party's nomination were voters to approve plans in the referendum. [27] He was supported by ex-Birmingham City Council leader Sir Albert Bore. [28]

Those advocating a 'no' vote included Roger Godsiff, Labour MP for Birmingham Hall Green and John Hemming, Liberal Democrat MP for Birmingham Yardley. [29]

Birmingham Mayoral referendum 2012
Choice Votes %
X mark.svg No120,61157.8
Yes 88,085 42.2
Total votes208,696100.00

Bradford

All three main political parties in Bradford - Labour, the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats declared their opposition to an elected mayor for the city, [30] whilst the Conservative MP Kris Hopkins, who was previously leader of Bradford Council, also campaigned for a 'no' vote in his Keighley constituency in the hope that such an outcome would help the area 'break-away' from Bradford. [31] George Galloway, who was elected MP for Bradford West in a by-election five weeks before the referendum, declared his support for a directly elected mayor shortly after his election, making him the sole Bradford MP in favour of the proposal. [32]

Bradford Mayoral referendum 2012
Choice Votes %
X mark.svg No66,28355.1
Yes 53,949 44.9
Required majority50
Total votes120,232100.00
Registered voters and turnout 341,126 35

Bristol

The out-going Leader of Bristol City Council, Barbara Janke, was opposed to the introduction of a directly elected mayor, as was the rest of her Liberal Democrat group, whilst the city's Green Party were also opposed. The Conservatives were the only party in the city to openly support the introduction of a mayor, whilst Labour adopted a neutral approach of "let the people decide". [33] The leader of Bristol City Council described the electorate as "palpably apathetic" on the issue. [33]

Bristol Mayoral referendum 2012
Choice Votes %
Yes check.svg Yes41,03253
No 35,880 47
Required majority50
Total votes76,912100.00

Coventry

Labour controlled Coventry Council said they believed an elected mayor is unnecessary, and were supported by the Liberal Democrats, Socialist, and the majority of Conservative councillors in a council motion formally opposing the idea of a directly elected mayor. [34] All of Coventry's MPs declared their opposition to the plan too, with the sole exception of Bob Ainsworth, former Defence Secretary and MP for Coventry North East, who suggested that the position would make the council more accountable to the electorate. [35] [36]

Coventry Mayoral referendum 2012
Choice Votes %
X mark.svg No39,48363.6
Yes 22,619 36.4
Total votes62,956100.00
Registered voters and turnout 236,818 26.6
Source: [37]

Leeds

The Labour leader of Leeds City Council criticised the proposals for an elected mayor as "utter madness", [38] whilst the Conservative and Liberal Democrat group leaders on the City Council also both expressed their opposition to the plan, and advocated a 'no' vote. [39]

Leeds Mayoral referendum 2012
Choice Votes %
X mark.svg No107,91063.3
Yes 62,440 36.7
Total votes174,442100.00
Source: [40]

Manchester

The non-political Chief Executive of Manchester City Council, Sir Howard Bernstein, responded to the government's consultation of elected mayors by stating that such a position was not suitable for Manchester. [41] Some analysts and local business leaders have stated their opposition to a mayoral system of local governance in Manchester and have stated the progress Manchester has made over the past 20 years that shows the current system is adequate. [42]

Amongst the local political parties, the leader of the Liberal Democrat group on Manchester City Council publicly declared his support for the proposals, [43] whilst the Manchester Evening News reported that many Labour politicians were "quietly opposed to change". [43] Manchester narrowly voted against a mayor; the result was however much closer than many local politicians and media predicted, and far closer than the other ten cities which also held mayoral referendums.

A poll of Mancunians in April 2012 found a majority preferred the current system rather than a mayoral system of local government. The poll found however that a majority would favour a mayor for the wider Greater Manchester region which includes 10 metropolitan boroughs with a combined population of over 2.7 million. [44] On 3 November 2014 it was announced that a directly elected Mayor for the Greater Manchester region would be introduced with the first Mayoral elections to be held in 2017. [45]

Manchester Mayoral referendum 2012
Choice Votes %
X mark.svg No48,59353.2
Yes 42,677 46.8
Total votes91,270100.00
Source:

Newcastle upon Tyne

A campaign group advocating a 'yes' vote in the Newcastle referendum was led by Brian Moore, former Chairman of the Newcastle Conservative Party. [46] The idea was backed by Newcastle First, a local political party, [47] and the Conservative Member of Parliament for Hexham. [48]

The local Labour and Liberal Democrat groups had previously expressed their opposition to an elected mayor [49] but both of their group leaders declared their intentions to stand if the position was created. [50]

Newcastle upon Tyne Mayoral referendum 2012
Choice Votes %
X mark.svg No40,08961.9
Yes 24,630 38.1
Total votes64,719100.00
Source: [51]

Nottingham

Nottingham City Council has previously rejected calls to hold a referendum using its own powers under the Local Government Act 2000, [52] and the leader of the council, Jon Collins, has also previously expressed his personal opposition to an elected mayor because of the potential of such a position leading to a dysfunctional council. [53] The local Liberal Democrats also expressed their opposition to the proposals, and are advocating a 'no' vote. [54]

The vote went against an elected mayor. [55]

Nottingham Mayoral referendum 2012
Choice Votes %
X mark.svg No28,32057.5
Yes 20,943 42.5
Total votes49,439100.00
Source:

Sheffield

The Labour and Liberal Democrat groups on Sheffield City Council both expressed opposition to the idea of an elected mayor, [56] whilst the regional director of the Confederation of British Industry, Andrew Palmer, also expressed doubt over the plan. [57] The trade union Unison also actively campaigned for a 'no' vote in the referendum. [58]

Support for the proposal was given by the local Conservative party, who claimed a directly elected mayor would be more accountable to the electorate, [59] as well as other local business owners who claimed a directly elected mayor would hold a "stronger mandate to take decisions". [57]

Sheffield Mayoral referendum 2012
Choice Votes %
X mark.svg No82,89065.0
Yes 44,571 35.0
Total votes127,461100.00
Source: [60]

Wakefield

Although critical of the post, Wakefield Council leader Peter Box suggested he would put his name forward if the referendum was passed. [61]

Amongst the local political parties, the Conservative group leader on Wakefield Council declared his party's support for the status quo, whilst the local UK Independence Party expressed support for the mayoral position. [62]

Wakefield Mayoral referendum 2012
Choice Votes %
X mark.svg No45,35762.2
Yes 27,610 37.8
Total votes73,547100.00
Source: [63]

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References

  1. 1 2 "Greg Clark: Date set for elected city mayors". Department for Communities and Local Government. 5 December 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  2. ↑ UK Parliament. The City of Birmingham (Mayoral Referendum) Order 2012 as made, from legislation.gov.uk .
  3. ↑ UK Parliament. The City of Bradford (Mayoral Referendum) Order 2012 as made, from legislation.gov.uk .
  4. ↑ UK Parliament. The City of Bristol (Mayoral Referendum) Order 2012 as made, from legislation.gov.uk .
  5. ↑ UK Parliament. 327/1 The City of Coventry (Mayoral Referendum) Order 2012 as made, from legislation.gov.uk .
  6. ↑ UK Parliament. 328/1 The City of Leeds (Mayoral Referendum) Order 2012 as made, from legislation.gov.uk .
  7. ↑ UK Parliament. 329/1 The City of Manchester (Mayoral Referendum) Order 2012 as made, from legislation.gov.uk .
  8. ↑ UK Parliament. 330/1 The City of Newcastle upon Tyne (Mayoral Referendum) Order 2012 as made, from legislation.gov.uk .
  9. ↑ UK Parliament. 331/1 The City of Nottingham (Mayoral Referendum) Order 2012 as made, from legislation.gov.uk .
  10. ↑ UK Parliament. 332/1 The City of Sheffield (Mayoral Referendum) Order 2012 as made, from legislation.gov.uk .
  11. ↑ UK Parliament. 333/1 The City of Wakefield (Mayoral Referendum) Order 2012 as made, from legislation.gov.uk .
  12. ↑ "Leicester elected mayor plan is approved". BBC News. 10 December 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  13. ↑ "The City of Liverpool (Mayoral Referendum) Order 2012". Legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  14. ↑ "Liverpool Council passes motion to adopt elected mayor system". Liverpool Daily Post. 7 February 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
  15. ↑ "Voters to decide on mayor's future". The Star. 19 January 2012.
  16. ↑ "Salford votes in favour of elected mayor". Salford City council.
  17. ↑ "Referendum for an Elected Mayor". Salford City Council. 2 September 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  18. ↑ "Cameron gives elected mayor views in Birmingham". BBC News. 4 October 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  19. ↑ "What can a mayor do for your city? A consultation". Department for Communities and Local Government. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  20. ↑ "Unlocking growth in Cities" (PDF). HM Government. December 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  21. ↑ "Schedule 1, The Local Authorities (Conduct of Referendums)(England) Regulations 2012". Legislation.gov.uk. 8 February 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  22. ↑ Colin Rallings, Michael Thrasher (August 2012). "Local Elections in England 2012 (including Mayoral referendums and Greater London Authority elections)" (PDF). Elections Centre, University of Plymouth. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  23. ↑ "Nottingham mayoral referendum 2012: Live coverage from tonight's count". This is Nottingham. 3 May 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  24. ↑ "2012 Local Election Results". Sheffield City Council. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  25. ↑ "Mayoral Referendum - 3 May 2012 - Result". Wakefield Metropolitan District Council.
  26. ↑ "Birmingham elected mayor's powers to be decided after referendum". Birmingham Post. 16 January 2012.
  27. ↑ "Labour's Liam Byrne wants to run for Birmingham mayor". BBC News. 30 March 2012.
  28. ↑ "Sir Albert Bore backs Liam Byrne in Birmingham mayor bid". BBC News. 30 March 2012.
  29. ↑ "Background to Birmingham's elected mayor referendum". Birmingham Mail. 6 January 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  30. ↑ "Will city get an elected mayor?". Telegraph & Argus. 28 November 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  31. ↑ "Ilkley should be given vote on Bradford breakaway - MP". Ilkley Gazette. 8 December 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  32. ↑ "Is it time for an elected mayor?". Telegraph and Argus. 11 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  33. 1 2 "'Palpably apathetic' Bristol voters will suffer elected mayor". Bristol 24/7. 4 January 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  34. ↑ "Would an elected mayor for Coventry mean real change?". Coventry Telegraph. 10 February 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  35. ↑ "Mayoral vote a political football in game of two halves". BBC News. 24 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  36. ↑ "Coventry City Council opposed to elected mayor". BBC News. 3 January 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  37. ↑ "Referendum on how Coventry City Council is run". Coventry City Council . Retrieved 18 May 2012.
  38. ↑ Baron, John (14 February 2011). "Council leader hits out at Leeds elected mayor plans". Guardian Leeds. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  39. ↑ Lazenby, Peter (8 March 2012). "United they stand". Yorkshire Evening Post. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  40. ↑ "Mayoral Referendum results 2012". Leeds City Council . Retrieved 18 May 2012.
  41. ↑ "Sir Howard Bernstein: An Elected Mayor Is Not For Us". Manchester Confidential. 13 December 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  42. ↑ "Business leaders' open letter says elected mayor would be 'barking mad'". Manchester Evening News. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  43. 1 2 "Leader of Manchester's Liberal Democrats supports vote for elected mayor". Manchester Evening News. 4 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  44. ↑ "Opinion split over directly elected mayor for Manchester". Local Government. 3 April 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  45. ↑ "George Osborne: Greater Manchester to have elected mayor". BBC News. 3 November 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  46. ↑ "Referendum Yes Campaign launched for an elected mayor for Newcastle". A Mayor for Newcastle upon Tyne. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  47. ↑ "A new kind of leadership for Newcastle". Newcastle upon Tyne Community First Party. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  48. ↑ "Newcastle Gets Democracy and Choice". Guy Opperman. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  49. ↑ "Group formed to campaign for Newcastle elected mayor". The Journal. 12 December 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  50. ↑ "Council chief would run for city's mayor post". The Journal. 21 January 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  51. ↑ "(dead link)". Newcastle City Council . Retrieved 18 May 2012.
  52. ↑ "Plan for mayoral referendum". Nottingham Post. 6 December 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  53. ↑ "Directly elected mayor for Nottingham is a 'stupid' idea says city council leader". Nottingham Post. 22 May 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  54. ↑ "Nottingham's Elected Mayor Referendum May 2012". Nottingham Liberal Democrats. 11 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  55. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 2012-05-04.
  56. ↑ "Big Debate: Mayor or may not?". The Star. 28 October 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  57. 1 2 "Fears mayor could be 'barrier' to investment". Sheffield Telegraph. 7 December 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  58. ↑ "Sheffield mayor campaign gets off the mark". Sheffield Telegraph. 3 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  59. ↑ "Bid to rally opposition to elected mayors". Sheffield Telegraph. 30 March 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  60. ↑ "Sheffield City Council - 2012 Local Election Results". Sheffield City Council . Retrieved 18 May 2012.
  61. ↑ "Council leader would stand if public voted for elected mayor". Hemsworth and South Elmsall Express. 2 February 2012.
  62. ↑ "New mayoral post: what does it mean?". Wakefield Express. 20 March 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  63. ↑ "Mayoral Referendum". Wakefield City Council . Retrieved 18 May 2012.
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